Constraints on Cold Dark Matter in the Gamma-ray Halo of NGC 253

A gamma-ray halo in a nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 was found by the CANGAROO-II Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT). By fitting the energy spectrum with expected curves from Cold Dark Matter (CDM) annihilations, we constrain the CDM-annihilation rate in the halo of NGC 253. Upper limits for the CDM density were obtained in the wide mass range between 0.5 and 50 TeV. Although these limits are higher than the expected values, it is complementary important to the other experimental techniques, especially considering the energy coverage. We also investigate the next astronomical targets to improve these limits.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, aastex.cls, natbib.sty, To appear in ApJ v596n1, Oct. 10, 200

Acts Of Terrorism And Their Impacts On Stock Index Returns And Volatility: The Cases Of The Karachi And Tehran Stock Exchanges

Terrorist attacks throughout the world have disrupted the flow of financial capital between nations and affected incomes, company profits and stock prices.  This paper uses a GARCH(1,1) model to determine how these attacks have affected two specific stock markets: one in Pakistan and the other in Iran.  It was found that significant, but different, stock index return shifts and changes in volatility occurred in the two markets.  These effects on stock returns have important implications for the economies involved and provide information about investor reaction to terrorism

The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) And The Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008

When the financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 took a turn for the worse in the fall of 2008, the Fed and Treasury Department engaged in efforts to stabilize financial markets.  The Fed continuously reduced the discount rate and made loans to AIG, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs.  The U.S. Treasury Department initiated the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which many felt was a waste of federal dollars.  Using a GARCH(1,1) model, this paper finds evidence that volatility in stock index returns was reduced after October 14, 2008 when the TARP Capital Purchase Program was announced

The Effects of Religion on Depression and Suicide Rates in the United States

Depression and suicide are major health problems in the United States and in the World.  According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (2014), “Suicide claims more lives than war, murder, and natural disasters combined (p. 1).”  Many of the victims of suicide were also victims of depression.  Research has shown that those who are religious are less likely to suffer from depression and less likely to commit suicide.  This study shows that for the three major religious groups in the United States, evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, and Catholics, number of cases of depression are reduced, but the number of suicides increases for evangelical Protestants.  Depression may be reduced since religion provides many benefits to individuals including a social network whereby those in distress can seek comfort from others.  Furthermore, those who are religious are also more secure in their beliefs of life after death, personal salvation, and the forgiveness of their sins which may reduce pressures put on them by everyday life.  However, it may  be that feelings of inadequacy over not being able to live up to the strict teachings of some evangelical religious groups and the fact that anyone questioning the strict beliefs of the church should be ostracized, could be contributing factors to the stress, trauma, and lack of self worth, that lead to thoughts of suicide. Keywords: religion, evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, Catholics, depression, suicid

First-Order Melting and Dynamics of Flux Lines in a Model for YBa2_2Cu3_3O7−δ_{7-\delta}

We have studied the statics and dynamics of flux lines in a model for YBCO, using both Monte Carlo simulations and Langevin dynamics. For a clean system, both approaches yield the same melting curve, which is found to be weakly first order with a heat of fusion of about $0.02 k_BT_m$ per vortex pancake at a field of $50 {\rm kG}.$ The time averaged magnetic field distribution experienced by a fixed spin is found to undergo a qualitative change at freezing, in agreement with NMR and $\mu {\rm SR}$ experiments. Melting in the clean system is accompanied by a proliferation of free disclinations which show a clear B-dependent 3D-2D crossover from long disclination lines parallel to the c-axis at low fields, to 2D ``pancake'' disclinations at higher fields. Strong point pins produce a logarithmical $\ln t$ relaxation which results from slow annealing out of disclinations in disordered samples.Comment: 31 pages, latex, revtex, 12 figures available upon request, No major changes to the original text, but some errors in the axes scale for Figures 6 and 7 were corrected(new figures available upon request), to be published in Physical Review B, July 199

The 3D Euler solutions using automated Cartesian grid generation

Viewgraphs on 3-dimensional Euler solutions using automated Cartesian grid generation are presented. Topics covered include: computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the design cycle; Cartesian grid strategy; structured body fit; grid generation; prolate spheroid; and ONERA M6 wing

Expected gamma-ray emission of supernova remnant SN 1987A

A nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants is employed to re-examine the nonthermal properties of the remnant of SN 1987A for an extended evolutionary period of 5--100 yr. It is shown that an efficient production of nuclear CRs leads to a strong modification of the outer supernova remnant shock and to a large downstream magnetic field $B_\mathrm{d}\approx 20$ mG. The shock modification and the strong field are required to yield the steep radio emission spectrum observed, as well as to considerable synchrotron cooling of high energy electrons which diminishes their X-ray synchrotron flux. These features are also consistent with the existing X-ray observations. The expected \gr energy flux at TeV-energies at the current epoch is nearly $\epsilon_{\gamma}F_{\gamma}\approx 4\times 10^{-13}$ erg cm$^2$s$^{-1}$ under reasonable assumptions about the overall magnetic field topology and the turbulent perturbations of this field. The general nonthermal strength of the source is expected to increase roughly by a factor of two over the next 15 to 20 yrs; thereafter it should decrease with time in a secular form.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, a number of changes have been made, even though these are not changing the main results of the pape

Supernova-Remnant Origin of Cosmic Rays?

It is thought that Galactic cosmic ray (CR) nuclei are gradually accelerated to high energies (up to ~300 TeV/nucleon, where 1TeV=10^12eV) in the expanding shock-waves connected with the remnants of powerful supernova explosions. However, this conjecture has eluded direct observational confirmation^1,2 since it was first proposed in 1953 (ref. 3). Enomoto et al.^4 claim to have finally found definitive evidence that corroborates this model, proposing that the very-high-energy, TeV-range, gamma-rays from the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 are due to the interactions of energetic nuclei in this region. Here we argue that their claim is not supported by the existing multiwavelength spectrum of this source. The search for the origin(s) of Galactic cosmic ray nuclei may be closing in on the long-suspected supernova-remnant sources, but it is not yet over.Comment: 4 pages, 1 Figur

A Case of Bifid Mandibular Condyle

Bifid mandibular condyle is a rare anatomic anomaly that can result from congenital malformation, trauma, infection or tumor. We report a case of bifid mandibular condyle found after head injury. A bifid mandibular condyle was seen on the computed tomographic scan of a 41-year-old man after a car accident. The patient had asymmetry in the condylar angle and length of the condylar neck, and anomaly of occlusion resulting from many residual roots with deep caries. Mouth-opening and mandibular movements were normal, however, the presence of temporomandibular joint symptoms was unclear because of the patient’s unconsciousness at the time of the scan. The bifid mandibular condyle could have resulted from a bicycle accident when the patient was 7 years of age, based on information from the patient’s family.Isomura ET, Kobashi H, Tanaka S, Enomoto A, Kogo M (2017) A Case of Bifid Mandibular Condyle. OMICS J Radiol 6: 278. DOI: 10.4172/2167-7964.1000278