Nakamura Tekisai and The New Book of Temperament （律呂新書）: A Philological Study of A Revision of the New Book of Temperament （修正律呂新書） and Notes for the New Book of Temperament（筆記律呂新書説）

The New Book of Temperament （律呂新書） was written by Tsai Yuan-ting （蔡元定）, a Neo-Confucianist in Southern Song Dynasty. Related to Neo-Confucianism, this book was widely spread across East Asian regions during the pre-modern age and has been extensively studied since then. After it was brought to Japan, Nakamura Tekisai, a Neo-Confucianist in early Edo Period, authored two monographs, A Revision of the New Book of Temperament（修正律呂新書） and Notes for the New Book of Temperament（筆記律呂新書説）. This thesis is an overview of the basic literature information about the two monographs that had remained unknown, through a philological study, aiming at revealing how Nakamura did some profound research into The New Book of Temperament and exploring the background to how he finally composed his monographs.東アジアの思想と構

State regional policy in modern russia: Problems and trends of development

© Medwell Journals, 2016.This study is devoted to research of the current conditions of the state regional policy in the Russian Federation. Despite the importance of the problems of regional policy in Russia, it has not become systemic to this day. "The Regional policy and federal relations" Program adopted by the Russian government in 2014 does not answer many questions and most importantly, it does not determine the current state of regions and efficiency of the state regional policy. Many provisions of the program are declarative in nature such as, for example, satisfaction of the population by quality of public and municipal services; the level of normative legal and methodological support of the powers of the Russian Federation subjects. It is not clear from the program on what and where the money will be spent, although the volume of federal budget allocations for the period 2013-2020 is 119,163,313.8 thous. rub. The main purpose of the study is to identify contradictions and tendencies of modern regional development, state regional policy, to analyze the impact of those policy on socio-economic and political development of the Russian society. To achieve this goal we have made the following hypothesis: does the modern state regional policy in Russia promote the objectives aimed at preserving an integrity and stability of the Russian state contributing to social well-being and development of a new quality of life of our citizens. The study includes the following methods and approaches in the capacity of the methodological basis for research: system and structure and functional approaches, sociological, logical and comparative methods and also analysis of the conditions and factors affecting the state regional policy of modern Russia. As a result of research, we came to the following conclusions: Regionalization issues in modern Russia took particular significance in connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of transformation of its totalitarian model with command-administrative management. The comprehensive and unprecedented for peacetime crisis which follows the collapse of the USSR has led to a loss of 40% of the national wealth and also gave rise to the desire of individual regions to search for ways out of the crisis separately. Under these conditions, the role of regional policy on the basis of which the emergence of a new Russia will be, increases immeasurably. The democratization of all aspects of life, a dramatic expansion in the early 90s of the rights of the Russian Federation subjects sharply actualized the problem on accommodation of interests of the state and the regions and demanded formulation of a state regional policy which objective should be both building a federal state and the socio-economic development of regions. Regional diversity makes it impossible for Russia to transfer an experience of any one country or the use of any one transition economy model tested in the world practice. In the process of its reforming, Russia must create a synthesis of domestic and international experience. The strength of Russia is in its regions, so the state regional policy in Russia is the basis, or the foundation which will allow our country to build a modern state and society

The political process of modern russia and the concept of institutional matrices

The article discusses the features of political process in Russia from the perspective of institutional matrices theory by S.G. Kirdina. During the description of contemporary political process in Russia, the authors examine its dependence on Y-matrix, the development and operation of its basic institutions. The task of these institutions influence on the political process of Russia development is set as the main purpose of the study. The following hypothesis is put forward in order to achieve this goal: is the influence of Y-matrix basic institutions an insurmountable obstacle for the modern Russian democracy development. The work includes the following methods and techniques as the methodological basis of research: neoinstitutional, systemic and structural-functional approaches, sociological, historical and logical methods, as well as the analysis of basic and variable factors influencing the political process of modern Russia. We came to the following conclusions after research: social institutions are the support of any society, the structure of the basic fundamental institutions forms a special matrix where the basic institutions are in a mutual accordance and close cooperation. Economy, politics, ideology are the most important aspects among these institutions. A society cannot be burdened with institutions, which are not inherent to it. It is impossible to replace one institution by another one, even if its effectiveness is discovered hardly in another country, but which does not meet the entire system of complementary, mutually relevant, harmonious and complementary rules, norms and institutions. The characteristic features of the modern political process in Russia: the strengthening of the unitary-centralized political system, the increase of a state role and its paternalistic nature, the imitative nature of democratic reforms, the reduction of public policy field, the power distancing from society, the growth of bureaucracy, etc. All these trends are consistent with the basic provisions of institutional matrix theory, the basic institutions of Y- institutional matrix, and can be projected on the modern Russian political process

Literature review: nicotine, as an acetylcholine modulator in diseases of the CNS

Nicotine has its influence on N-cholinergic receptors, it stimulates brain activity. It is able to improve cognitive processes, thinking, to increase concentration. It can be used as an alleviation of the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. Acetylcholine modulators which contain nicotine are actively developing nowadaysНикотин, действуя на Н-холинорецепторы, стимулирует мозговую деятельность. Способен улучшать когнитивные процессы, мышление, повышать концентрацию внимания. Может использоваться для ослабления симптомов нейродегенеративных заболеваний. В настоящее время активно разрабатываются ацетилхолиновые модуляторы, содержащие никоти

Literature review: influence of an insufficient quantity of vitamins on the development of diseases of the hard tooth tissues, oral mucosa and parodentium

A lack of vitamins in the human body leads to the development of metabolic processes disrupt and the reactivity of the body decreases. In the initial stages of hypovitaminosis, symptoms manifest as structural and functional disruptions of cells and tissues of the oral cavity`s organs. The article presents relevant data on the mechanisms of action of vitamins in the structure of the organs of the oral cavity and the development of pathological processes in case of hypovitaminosisНедостаток витаминов в организме человека приводит к нарушению обменных процессов и понижению реактивности организма в целом. Симптомы гиповитаминоза на начальных этапах развития проявляются в виде нарушений структуры и функционирования клеток и тканей органов полости рта. В статье приведены актуальные данные о механизмах действия витаминов в структурах органов полости рта и развитии патологических процессов при гиповитаминоза

The control methods and technologies of microbiological synthesis of the complex probiotic preparation

This article is devoted to development of technologies optimizing receiving and control methods of manufacturing of complex probiotic preparationsЦель работы - оценить особенности технологии получения и определить контролирующие методы получения комплексного пробиотического препарата

Hygienic «ear drops» and the safe way of dissolution of sulfuric stoppers from external acoustical pass

The hygienic ear drops consisting from 0,3 - 0,5 % of peroxide of hydrogen, 1,7 - 2,3 % of sodium of a hydrocarbonate and water are developed. The safe way of removal of sulfuric stoppers from the external acoustical pass, based on an injection of the specified ear drops is offered at temperature +42°C in a sulfuric stopper up to full medicamentous infiltration.Разработаны гигиенические ушные капли, состоящие из 0,3 - 0,5% перекиси водорода, 1,7 - 2,3% натрия гидрокарбоната и воды. Предложен безопасный способ удаления серных пробок из наружного слухового прохода, основанный на инъекции указанных ушных капель при температуре +42°С в серную пробку вплоть до полной медикаментозной инфильтрации

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Variant (MTHFR C677T) and Migraine: A Case Control Study and Meta-analysis

Extent: 9p.Background: Migraine is a common disorder that often coexists with depression. While a functional polymorphism in methyleneterahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) has been implicated in depression; the evidence to support an association of MTHFR with migraine has been inconclusive. We aim to investigate the effect of this variant on propensity for migraine and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of MTHFR and migraine to date. Methods: Individuals with migraine (n = 447) were selected from the Depression Case Control (DeCC) study to investigate the association between migraine and MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801133 using an additive model compared to non-migraineurs adjusting for depression status. A meta-analysis was performed and included 15 studies of MTHFR and migraine. Results: MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with migraine with aura (MA) (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p = 0.039) that remained significant after adjusting for age, sex and depression status. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies showed that T allele homozygosity is significantly associated with MA (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.82) and total migraine (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76), but not migraine without aura (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.36-3.76). In studies of non-Caucasian population, the TT genotype was associated with total migraine (OR= 3.46; 95% CI, 1.22-9.82), whereas in studies of Caucasians this variant was associated with MA only (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.002-1.63). Conclusions: MTHFR C677T is associated with MA in individuals selected for depression study. A meta-analysis of 15 studies supports this association and demonstrated effects across ethnic groups.Zainab Samaan, Daria Gaysina, Sarah Cohen-Woods, Nick Craddock, Lisa Jones, Ania Korszun, Mike Owen, Andrew Mente, Peter McGuffin and Anne Farme

Utility of the pooling approach as applied to whole genome association scans with high-density Affymetrix microarrays

Background: We report an attempt to extend the previously successful approach of combining SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) microarrays and DNA pooling (SNP-MaP) employing high-density microarrays. Whereas earlier studies employed a range of Affymetrix SNP microarrays comprising from 10 K to 500 K SNPs, this most recent investigation used the 6.0 chip which displays 906,600 SNP probes and 946,000 probes for the interrogation of CNVs (copy number variations). The genotyping assay using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array is highly demanding on sample quality due to the small feature size, low redundancy, and lack of mismatch probes. Findings: In the first study published so far using this microarray on pooled DNA, we found that pooled cheek swab DNA could not accurately predict real allele frequencies of the samples that comprised the pools. In contrast, the allele frequency estimates using blood DNA pools were reasonable, although inferior compared to those obtained with previously employed Affymetrix microarrays. However, it might be possible to improve performance by developing improved analysis methods. Conclusions: Despite the decreasing costs of genome-wide individual genotyping, the pooling approach may have applications in very large-scale case-control association studies. In such cases, our study suggests that high-quality DNA preparations and lower density platforms should be preferred

Cognitive ability across the life course and cortisol levels in older age

Elevated cortisol levels have been hypothesised to contribute to cognitive ageing, but study findings are inconsistent. In the present study, we examined the association between salivary cortisol in older age and cognitive ability across the life course. We used data from 370 members of the 36-Day Sample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947, who underwent cognitive testing at age 11, and were then followed up at around age 78, completing further cognitive tests and providing diurnal salivary cortisol samples. We hypothesised that higher cortisol levels would be associated with lower cognitive ability in older age and greater cognitive decline from childhood to older age, but also lower childhood cognitive ability. Few of the tested associations were significant, and of those that were, most suggested a positive relationship between cortisol and cognitive ability. Only one cognitive measure showed any sign of cortisol-related impairment. However, after correcting for multiple comparisons, no results remained significant. These findings suggest that cortisol may not play an important role in cognitive ageing across the life course