Análise da prática docente em um curso de graduação em enfermagem

Orientadora: Profª Drª Aida Maris PeresCoorientador: Prof. Dr. José Ramón Martinez RieraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Defesa: Curitiba, 05/12/2011Bibliografia: fls. 143-154Área de concentração: Educação em enfermagemResumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar os elementos conceituais, filosóficos, metodológicos e políticos que fundamentam o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem e a prática docente de uma instituição de ensino superior. Especificamente, objetivou-se: identificar os elementos conceituais, filosóficos, metodológicos e políticos dos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos que fundamentaram a prática docente nos 11 anos de um Curso de Enfermagem; descrever como essa prática se desenvolveu durante os 11 anos do Curso de Enfermagem e, discutir os elementos que sustentam a prática docente de um Curso de Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa composta por uma amostra de 21 docentes e 25 discentes de um Curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública brasileira. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três fases: na 1ª fase, de investigação documental, foram pesquisados dados dos quatro projetos pedagógicos do Curso e os planos de ensino; na 2ª fase, os dados foram originados de uma oficina com discentes do Curso, que utilizou a metodologia da problematização e, a 3ª fase, por meio de entrevistas com docentes do curso. A análise foi inspirada no método da triangulação de dados sendo que os resultados da oficina discente foram descritos textualmente, e os advindos dos documentos e entrevistas, passaram por uma análise prévia pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os dados documentais permitiram acompanhar as mudanças ocorridas nos elementos norteadores do curso, a oficina propiciou a avaliação discente da prática docente e, as entrevistas foram classificadas em quatro categorias: influências externas na prática docente; processo de avaliação discente; mudanças identificadas na prática docente; identidade docente. Como resultados constataram que o curso vivencia um movimento de mudança estrutural em seu projeto pedagógico; os docentes desenvolvem iniciativas isoladas de mudança metodológica e conceitual; ocorre um aumento na busca pela qualificação docente e valorização do relacionamento professor-aluno; os planos de ensino apresentam divergências das propostas dos projetos pedagógicos; a prática docente é individualizada, provocando desmotivação docente e dificuldades no processo de avaliação do discente; o processo de aprendizado é fragmentado pela ausência de integração interdisciplinar; há necessidade de ampliar as discussões pedagógicas. Este estudo contribuiu para visualizar os avanços e os desafios vivenciados pelo curso, além de facilitar a compreensão do universo de relações no qual os docentes estão inseridos e como eles articulam sua prática cotidiana com essas influências.Abstract: This research focused on the development of teaching practice in graduation teaching and had the general aim of analyzing the conceptual, philosophical, methodological and political elements that underlie the Undergraduate Nursing Course and teaching practice of an institution of higher education. Specifically, it aimed to: identify the conceptual, philosophical, methodological and political elements of the Pedagogical Political Projects which based the teaching practice in a 11-year of a nursing course; describe how teaching practice developed during the 11 years of Nursing Course, discuss the elements that underpin the teacher’ practice in a nursing course. This is an exploratory research with qualitative approach consisting of a sample of 21 teachers and 25 students from a nursing course at a Brazilian public university. Data collection occurred in three phases: in the 1st phase, of documentation researching, data were collected from the four educational projects of the Course and the teaching plans; in the 2nd phase, data were collected in a workshop with students from the course, which used the methodology of questioning, and in the 3rd phase, through interviews with teachers of the course. The analysis was inspired by the method of data triangulation, knowing the results coming from the student’s workshop were reported verbatim, and the data from documents and interviews went through a preliminary analysis with the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. The documentary data permitted to monitor the changes in the guiding elements of the course, the workshop allowed an student' evaluation from the teacher’ practice and, from interviews, four categories were described: external influences on teaching practice, the student evaluation process, changes identified in teaching practice; teacher identities. As a result, the analysis with the perspective of triangulation provided the verification that the course experiences a movement of structural change in its pedagogical project, teachers develop isolated initiatives of methodological and conceptual change, there is an increase in the quest for teaching qualification and enhancement in the teacher-student relationship, teaching plans showed divergences of proposals from the educational projects, the teaching practice is individualized, causing discouragement in teaching and difficulties in evaluation process of the student, the learning process is fragmented by the lack of interdisciplinary integration, there is need to expand pedagogical discussions. This study contributed to visualize the progress and the challenges experienced by the course, and to facilitate understanding of the universe of relationships in which teachers are inserted and how they articulate their everyday practice with the influences.Resumen: Esta investigación se centró en el desarrollo de la práctica docente en la educación superior y tiene el objetivo de analizar los elementos conceptuales, filosóficos, metodológicos y políticos que subyacen en la enfermería de pregrado y prácticas de enseñanza de una institución de educación superior. En concreto, se pretende: identificar los elementos conceptuales, filosóficos, metodológicos y políticos de Proyectos Políticos Pedagógicos que subyacen a la práctica docente en los 11 años de un curso de enfermería; describir cómo la práctica docente se desenvolvio durante los 11 años de existencia del curso de enfermería; discutir los elementos que apoyan la práctica docente de un curso de enfermería. Este es un enfoque exploratorio, cualitativo, que consiste en una muestra de 21 profesores y 25 alumnos de un curso de enfermería en una universidad pública en Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió en tres fases: la primera fase, investigación documental, los datos fueron recolectados a partir de cuatro proyectos pedagógicos de los cursos y planes de enseñanza; en la segunda fase, los datos fueron recogidos en un seminario con los alumnos del curso, donde fue utilizado la metodología de problematización y, la tercera fase, con entrevistas a los profesores del curso. El análisis, fue inspirado en el método de triangulación de datos, donde los resultados del seminario se informaran de manera textual y, los de los documentos y las entrevistas se sometieron a un análisis preliminar mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Los datos documentales mostraron los cambios en los elementos de guía del curso, el seminario promovió una evaluación de los alumnos acerca de la práctica docente y de las entrevistas surgieron cuatro categorías: las influencias externas sobre la práctica docente, el proceso de evaluación de los estudiantes, los cambios identificados en la práctica docente; identidad del docente. El resultado reveló que el curso está en un movimiento de cambio estructural en su proyecto educativo, algunos de los docentes desenvuelven iniciativas de cambio metodológico y conceptual, hay un aumento en la búsqueda de la calificación de los docentes y el mejoramiento de la relación profesor-alumno; los planes de enseñanza tienen diferencias de las propuestas de los proyectos educativos; la enseñanza práctica es individual, conduciendo a la desmotivación de los docentes y provocando dificultades en la evaluación del estudiante; el proceso de aprendizaje se encuentra fragmentado por la falta de integración interdisciplinaria; es necesario aumentar las discusiones pedagógicas. Este estudio ayudó a ver el progreso y los desafíos experimentados por el curso, y para facilitar la comprensión del universo de relaciones en las que los profesores se encuentran y cómo sus prácticas cotidianas se articulan con esas influencias

Assessing and mapping cultural ecosystem services at community level in the Colombian Amazon

Understanding the significance that cultural ecosystem services (CES) have for traditional communities will provide useful input to the design of more appropriate regional or territorial plans for the area in which they are located. We conducted semi-structured surveys in 11 indigenous communities within the corregimiento La Pedrera, of the Colombian Amazon. We analysed the CES established in the region through a study of their preferences in relation to the service providing units (SPUs) identified, using the Shannon diversity index method as an indicator of ‘diversity of use’. More CES were identified in communities with a larger population; education and recreation were the two most prevalent CES categories in the study area. Our findings also highlight the cultural importance of bodies of water, which were strongly linked with Spiritual and Sense of Place CES. Furthermore, the integration of qualitative and quantitative assessments enables a better understanding of the importance CES which have for the local communities involved in the study and may assist in the management of the indigenous territory.EDITED BY Matthias Schröte

Antibiotic treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis: Study protocol

Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of posterior uveitis, leading to visual impairment in a high proportion of patients. Antibiotics and corticosteroids lower the risk of permanent visual impairment by reducing the size of the retinochoroidal scar, the risk of recurrence, and the severity and duration of acute symptoms. Although OT is a very common cause of infectious posterior uveitis, its treatment remains controversial. Through our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to provide the best possible evidence-based information on the safety and effectiveness of the different antibiotic regimes for OT. Methods: This systematic review protocol has been developed based on PRISMA-P guidelines for reporting systematic reviews evaluating health care interventions. We will include all published and unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different antibiotics used for the treatment of OT. We will consider changes in visual acuity, number of recurrences, improvement or worsening of ocular inflammation, size of lesion, and adverse effects as our outcomes. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be undertaken by two reviewers with disagreements resolved through discussion. Studies that compared antibiotics with placebo will be excluded. The reviews will be assessed for quality and relevance. We will assess the risk of bias in five domains according to Cochrane group's tool. The type of data will dictate measures of treatment effect. We will use a random-effects model to calculate our meta-analysis, as eligible studies represent clinically varied populations of participants. Discussion: The strength of our study will lie in the exhaustive and systematic nature of the literature search, as well as in its methods for assessing quality and analyzing RCT data. Considering the controversial efficacy of the treatment for OT, our study will contribute to improving the existing evidence on the effectiveness of different antibiotics. Future studies may be conducted to increase physicians' awareness of antibiotic therapies, improving the health of patients with OT. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018085468. © 2019 The Author(s)

VHMPID: a new detector for the ALICE experiment at LHC

This article presents the basic idea of VHMPID, an upgrade detector for the ALICE experiment at LHC, CERN. The main goal of this detector is to extend the particle identification capabilities of ALICE to give more insight into the evolution of the hot and dense matter created in Pb-Pb collisions. Starting from the physics motivations and working principles the challenges and current status of development is detailed.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures. To be published in EPJ Web of Conference

Effect on Intermediary Metabolism and Digestive Parameters of the High Substitution of Fishmeal with Insect Meal in Sparus aurata Feed

The depletion of traditional protein sources and the impact this causes on the production costs of aquaculture feed make it necessary to find alternative materials that allow for the sustainability of production. Among various proposals, insects have drawn scholarly attention because of their high protein content and the efficiency of their production, both from an environmental and an economic perspective. However, nutritional changes in fish diets require further clarification regarding the effect of this new ingredient in fish performance and physiology. In this study, we evaluated the use of two insect meal species, Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor, for the partial replacement of fishmeal, as well as their influence on growth indices and the gut microbiome. Although the results showed a worsening of biometric parameters and a modification of the microbial community, the impact was different depending on the insect species and their rearing conditions. Thus, specific studies for each case are recommended.Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor were tested on account of their potential to replace fish protein in feed. Two levels of replacement for H. illucens, 30% and 50% (H30 and H50), and one for T. molitor, 50% (T50), as well as an additional diet with a modified fatty acid fraction (H50M), were investigated in relation to juvenile Sparus aurata growth indices, enzyme activities and gut microbiome. A T50 diet showed similar results to a control (C) diet, with no significant differences regarding morphological indices and minor differences for nutritional indices. Regarding the gut microbiome, H50M was the diet which showed the more similar prokaryotic community to C, which suggests that fatty acid fractions might influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Nevertheless, differences appeared to be related to a redistribution of dominant species, while changes in species affiliation were limited to minoritary species. The positive correlation between some of these minoritary species (Peptostreptococcus russellii, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Weisella confusa) and several fish growth parameters might explain differences between control and insect diets. Deciphering such uncertainty and revealing the potential role these unusual species may play on fish performance should be addressed in future investigations.INIA (Spanish Agricultural and Agro-Food Research Institute)Project RTA 2015-00021-C03-02 and FEDER fundsEuropean Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) and Consejeria de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural, OPP71

Evaluation of four classification algorithms of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images to identify forest cover in highly fragmented regions in Costa Rica

[EN] Mapping of land use and forest cover and assessing their changes is essential in the design of strategies to manage and preserve the natural resources of a country, and remote sensing have been extensively used with this purpose. By comparing four classification algorithms and two types of satellite images, the objective of the research was to identify the type of algorithm and satellite image that allows higher global accuracy in the identification of forest cover in highly fragmented landscapes. The study included a treatment arrangement with three factors and six randomly selected blocks within the Huetar Norte Zone in Costa Rica. More accurate results were obtained for classifications based on Sentinel-2 images compared to Landsat-8 images. The best classification algorithms were Maximum Likelihood, Support Vector Machine or Neural Networks, and they yield better results than Minimum Distance Classification. There was no interaction among image type and classification methods, therefore, Sentinel-2 images can be used with any of the three best algorithms, but the best result was the combination of Sentinel-2 and Support Vector Machine. An additional factor included in the study was the image acquisition date. There were significant differences among months during which the image was acquired and an interaction between the classification algorithm and this factor was detected. The best results correspond to images obtained in April, and the lower to September, month that corresponds with the period of higher rainfall in the region studied. The higher global accuracy identifying forest cover is obtained with Sentinel-2 images from the dry season in combination with Maximum Likelihood, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Network image classification methods.[ES] Conocer y cartografiar los cambios del uso y cobertura de la tierra es esencial para la formulación de estrategias de manejo y conservación de los recursos naturales. Las herramientas que conforman la disciplina de la teledetección han sido extensamente usadas con este objetivo. Al comparar cuatro algoritmos de clasificación y dos tipos de imágenes satelitales, el objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el tipo de algoritmo e imagen satelital que permite obtener una mayor fiabilidad global en la identificación de la cobertura boscosa en paisajes de uso de la tierra con alta fragmentación. El estudio se desarrolló en la Zona Huetar Norte de Costa Rica, utilizando un diseño experimental de seis bloques con un arreglo de tratamientos con tres factores. El uso de imágenes Sentinel-2 fue superior al obtenido con Landsat-8. No existen diferencias significativas en la fiabilidad lograda con los algoritmos de clasificación de Máxima Verosimilitud, Máquinas de Vectores Soporte y Redes Neuronales, pero sí de estos con respecto a la clasificación por Mínima Distancia. No se detectó interacción entre tipo de imagen y algoritmo de clasificación, por lo que las imágenes de Sentinel-2 podrían usarse con cualquiera de los tres mejores algoritmos estudiados. Se analizó además el efecto que tuvo el mes en cada imagen adquirida, y se encontraron diferencias significativas debido a este factor, además se produce una interacción de este con el método de clasificación. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con imágenes de abril, y los más bajos con imágenes de septiembre, mes que coincide con la época lluviosa en la zona estudiada. Se concluye que la mayor fiabilidad en la identificación de la cobertura boscosa se logra mediante el uso de los algoritmos de Máxima Verosimilitud, Máquinas de Vectores Soporte y Redes Neuronales empleando imágenes Sentinel-2 tomadas en la temporada seca.Los autores agradecen a la Vice-Rectoría de Investigación y Extensión del ITCR por el apoyo financiero y administrativo para la realización del proyecto: Derivación indirecta de la distribución espacial y estado de desarrollo de los bosques secundarios en Costa Rica usando imágenes satelitales de mediana resolución espacial. Igualmente se agradece al programa de becas CeNAT-CONARE y al laboratorio PRIAS del Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología (CeNAT) de Costa Rica por la facilitación de los equipos de cómputo de avanzada y el uso de las licencias de los softwares requeridos para llevar a cabo esta investigación.Ávila-Pérez, I.; Ortiz-Malavassi, E.; Soto-Montoya, C.; Vargas-Solano, Y.; Aguilar-Arias, H.; Miller-Granados, C. (2020). Evaluación de cuatro algoritmos de clasificación de imágenes satelitales Landsat-8 y Sentinel-2 para la identificación de cobertura boscosa en paisajes altamente fragmentados en Costa Rica. Revista de Teledetección. 0(57):37-49. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2020.13340OJS374905

Participación comunitaria y procesos de comunicación en la implementación de programas de reasentamiento de familias dentro del contexto del desarrollo urbano en Barranquilla (Colombia)

Planning processes of development and growth of the city of Barranquilla have required the relocation of the population living in areas of intervention actions. As part of the implementation of the New Management Plan Territorial (POT), the city plans to revitalize an area around the Magdalena River with a view to improving the quality of life of citizens and to increase competitiveness of the city. The revitalization project is known as project “La Loma “. Under the current Land Use Plan of Barranquilla (POT), the urban development project “La Loma” includes, among other activities, the transfer of a large number of people currently living in this area. For this reason, this article aims to review the current POT and documents from City Council and the Mayor’s office associated with the POT and “La Loma” project, in order to identify and analyze the component of community participation and communication related to the implementation of this project. The results of the documents revealed the presence of regulatory elements associated with community participation. The results also showed potentially useful spaces for the implementation of inclusive communication processes. Therefore, this article proposes a guide for the formulation of a strategic communication plan with a focus on participatory communication and dialogue facilitator to be used during the execution of urban projects that include the relocation of families. © 2016, Universidad del Norte. All rights reserved