Multicriteria combinatorial optimization problems on a set of polypermutations.

The studies on multicriteria combinatorial optimization are continued. A possible approach to solving multicriterion problems is developed and substantiated. An algorithm is developed and implemented. Some peculiarities of efficient solutions to multicriterion problems are described

Transformation of Dry Steppe Soils under Long Term Agrogenic Impacts in the Area of Ancient Olbia

The results of the study of dark chestnut soils (Kastanozems) differing in the time and intensity of their agricultural use and in the duration of the fallow stage are analyzed. Soil sequences differing in the char acter of their agrogenic changes were studied in the rural area of ancient Olbia with a centuries long history of diverse economic activities, including crop growin

Post-agrogenic evolution of soils in ancient Greek land use areas in the Herakleian peninsula, southwestern Crimea

The paper examines the regularities of the post-agrogenic evolution of soils of differing age in the Herakleian Peninsula (southwestern Crimea, Ukraine), which developed under conditions of the sub-Mediterranean climate and have been cultivated since ancient timesyesBelgorod State Universit

Проблема преодоления социально-экономической отсталости развивающихся стран на примере Танзании

Socio-economic backwardness of the developing countries is potentially dangerous not only on a local or regional, but also at the global level. South is part of the world economy. Its economic, political and social problems already have and will in the future affect the state of international security. The article analyzes the dynamics, geography and structure of foreign investment in African countries by the example of Tanzania. The conclusion about the need to attract foreign direct investment for the development and modernization of African economies and their integration into the world economy.Социально-экономическая отсталость развивающихся стран потенциально опасна не только на локальном или региональном, но и на глобальном уровне. Отсталый Юг является составной частью мирового хозяйства. Его экономические, политические и социальные проблемы уже оказывают и будут в будущем оказывать влияние на состояние международной безопасности. В статье проанализирована динамика, география и структура притока иностранных инвестиций в африканские страны на примере Танзании. Обосновывается вывод о необходимости привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций для развития и модернизации экономики африканских государств и их интеграции в мировое хозяйство

Students’ and teachers’ views on the goals and purposes of school education

Background. Studying students’ and teachers’ views on the goals and purposes of the teaching and upbringing process is important in connection with the modernizationm of school education. Their attitude to these issues characterizes the social psychological context that determines the role of school in cultural and value-based education of adolescents. The Objective of the research is to determine the differences between the students’ and teachers’ views on the goals and purposes of school education in relation to the three areas of analysis: between students and teachers, between members of schools types (general education, in-depth study of particular subjects, gymnasium and lyceum), between generations of teachers and students as of 1991 and 2017. Design. The paper presents the results of survey questionnaire conducted by the Centre for Sociology of Education, IEM RAE, Moscow, Russia, in 2017. The sample included 11 803 students of 7-11 grades and 4 999 school teachers. The data are further compared with the results of the survey 1 conducted in 1991 (sample included 162 students and 681 teachers). Questions concerning goal orientations of school education are considered at two levels: pragmatic («What should school give to students?») and value-based («Who should schools prepare their students for?»). Research Results. At the pragmatic level, students attach greater importance to the issues of professional identity, whereas teachers regard the traditional functions of education. At the value-based level for students, the individualistic attitudes are more typical, whereas teachers place a greater value on socially regular patterns. Members of the gymnasia and lyceums more often note the importance of the cultural development as well as communication and interaction between students. Unlike gymnasia and lyceums, general education schools put a greater emphasis on normal behaviour and participation in public life. The admission requirements have increased for socializing functions and training, and also the individualistic attitudes in modern education compared with 1991 have been in the focus of attention. Simultaneously, the importance of creative activity is decreasing and education is aimed at supporting social institution. Factor analysis has revealed three meaningful juxtapositions in relation to which the goals of school education are structured: «norm – self-actualisation», «convention – principle», «romantic approach – pragmatic approach». Conclusion. This research reveals particular goals and purposes for modern school education in students’ and teachers’ minds that allows them to improve the educational process

Применение хемометрики в таможенной экспертизе

The short communication provides information about the papers published in this issue of the journal by the experts of customs services of the Russian Federation, which resulted from their successful completion of the course in chemometrics conducted by the authors of the communication.Keywords: chemometrics, advanced training courses, customs expertiseВ сообщении представлены сведения об опубликованных в этом номере журнала статьях экспертов таможенных служб Российской Федерации, которые явились результатом успешного прохождения ими курса по хемометрике, проведенного авторами сообщения.Ключевые слова: хемометрика, курсы повышения квалификации, таможенная экспертиз

Efficiency of Application of Liquid Fertilizer Gumavit When Sprouting Seeds

The object of this study was Gumavit, a liquid humic fertilizer based on peat. This fertilizer is obtained by cavitation dispergation of peat in a shock pulse generator and subsequent alkaline extraction from a water-peat mixture of humic acids. This study examined the effect of Gumavit on the germination energy and germination capacity of barley seeds, wheat and tomatoes, as well as its effect on plant growth and development. It was found that Gumavit did not adversely affect the germination energy and germination capacity of seeds of grain crops and tomatoes. The use of a 0.2% (of humic acids - HA) Gumavit solution had a positive effect on the sowing quality of the studied cultures’ seeds. The use of a 0.01% (of HA) solution of Gumavit to moisten sand and germinate seeds after 14 days had a positive effect on the length and mass of Favorit wheat grain sprouts; as well as a positive effect on the root mass of Favorit and Kamyshanka-3 wheat, Volgogradskii-12 barley, Volgogradskii 5/95 tomatoes and Dar Zavolzhia tomatoes. The increase in the root mass of the studied cultures can be explained by the absorption of a small fraction of humic substances by the roots of these plants, leading to an increase in the number of lateral roots and their root hairs. Keywords: Gumavit, seed treatment, germination energy, germination capacity, grain crops, tomatoes, moistening sand, length and mass of sprout

Methodology for Estimating the Expected Cost of Engineering and Technology Innovation

The article proposes a methodology for estimating the expected cost of technical and technological innovations. The evaluation is performed in the pre-design phase of the innovation (project initiation phase). It relies on the method of analogy and is implemented based on the principle of “so was - so will be.” At the same time, the available analogues provide objective information about “how it was.” Extending this data into the future to estimate the cost of design relies on probabilistic interpretation of the available uncertainty. Uncertainty removal is accomplished using the principle of maximum entropy. This ensures the most complete consideration of the available objective information and minimizes speculation in assessing the cost of designing innovative objects. In general, the methodology proposed in the article allows obtaining objective estimates of the expected cost of designing technical and technological innovations in the standard information situation for the initiation stage of the project

New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Leningrad Region, Russia. XIII. Mainly saxicolous species

Fourteen lichen species and three lichenicolous fungi were recorded for the first time for the Leningrad Region. The lichenicolous fungus Sclerococcum australe is new to Russia. Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa, Aspicilia grisea, Buellia miriquidica, Catillaria atomarioides, Lithocalla ecorticata, Miriquidica intrudens, Rhizocarpon intermediellum, Sclerococcum amygdalariae, and S. parasiticum are new for North-Western European Russia

Model and Method of Calendar Planning of Logistic Processes of Enterprises of Agricultural Complex

A model and method for the formation of optimal calendar plans for the organization of logistics processes for the functioning of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex have been developed. The model is based on the presentation of the procedure for the formation of an optimal calendar plan in the form of a discrete programming problem. The optimization method is based on the procedure of branches and boundaries. The proposed model and method are the basis for creating specific methods for the formation of optimal calendar plans for the organization of logistical processes of the functioning of the agro industrial complex