Antiprotozoal activity of natural products from Nigerien plants used in folk medicine

In the course of the screening of plants from Niger for antiprotozoal activity, the methanol extract of Cassia sieberiana, and the dichloromethane extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Sesamun alatum were found to be active against protozoan parasites, namely Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and/or Plasmodium falciparum. Myricitrin (1), quercitrin (2) and 1-palmitoyl-lysolecithin (3) were isolated from C. sieberiana. From Z. mauritiana, the three triterpene derivatives 13, 15, and 16 are described here for the first time. Their chemical structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, UV, IR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were assigned via comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. In addition, eight known cyclopeptide alkaloids (4, 5, 7-12), and five known triterpenoids (6, 14, 17-19) were isolated. The antiprotozoal activity of the isolated compounds, as well as of eleven quinone derivatives (20-30) previously isolated from S. alatum was determined in vitro. The cytotoxicity in L6 rat myoblast cells was also evaluated. Compound 18 showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC(50) = 0.2 microm) and compound 24 inhibited T. b. rhodesiense with an IC(50) value of 0.007 microM. However, it also displayed significant cytotoxicity in L6 cells (IC(50) = 0.4 microm)

Chemical composition and antibacterial action of Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum bark extract, “barbatimão” species: Evaluation of its use as a topical agent

International audienceStryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. (Fabaceae) is a native Amazonian tree,popularly known as ‘‘barbatima ̃o”. The stem barks of this tree are widely used in folk medicineto treat infections, cutaneous and ulcerative wounds, under the form of a suspension of thebark-derived powder. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicactivities of the ethanolic extract of S. pulcherrimum (SPEE). Likewise, to putatively identify theactive compounds of the extract by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolutionmass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Therefore, we aimed to rationalize this observation by turn-ing the bark powder-derived suspension into an ointment (SPEEO) incorporating SPEE (20% w/v).Both the antibacterial action and the acute dermal toxicity were evaluated in rats as animal model.Mortality, body weight changes, feed and water intake, organ weights, histological and biochemicalparameters were measured for 14 days post-treatment with no major sign of toxicity. The SPEEshowed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration = 100 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus and no in vivo acute dermal toxicity. The SPEEO inhibited upto 85% bacterial growth in a petri dish, with better results than the control standard ointment (Kol-lagenaseÒ). We putatively identified 13 compounds present in the SPEE, belonging to the class oftannins, including one trimer and two dimers of catechin. Thereby, the data showed SPEEO as apotent antibacterial candidate for herbal medicine preparation

Online_Appendix – Supplemental material for Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology in Spain: A snapshot of current situation

<p>Supplemental material, Online_Appendix for Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology in Spain: A snapshot of current situation by R Haridian Sosa Barrios, Jose Ibeas, Ramon Roca Tey, Manuel Ceballos Guerrero, Angels Betriu Bars, Ignacio Cornago Delgado, Manuel Lanuza Luengo, Vicente Paraíso Cuevas, Pedro L Quirós Ganga and Maite E Rivera Gorrín in The Journal of Vascular Access</p

Effectiveness of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC) plus darunavir among treatment-experienced patients in clinical practice : A multicentre cohort study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV) in treatment-experienced patients from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Treatment-experienced patients starting treatment with EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV during the years 2014-2018 and with more than 24 weeks of follow-up were included. TFV could be administered either as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide. We evaluated virological response, defined as viral load (VL) < 50 copies/ml and < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks after starting this regimen, stratified by baseline VL (< 50 or ≥ 50 copies/ml at the start of the regimen). Results: We included 39 patients (12.8% women). At baseline, 10 (25.6%) patients had VL < 50 copies/ml and 29 (74.4%) had ≥ 50 copies/ml. Among patients with baseline VL < 50 copies/ml, 85.7% and 80.0% had VL < 50 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, and 100% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. Among patients with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml, 42.3% and 40.9% had VL < 50 copies/ml and 69.2% and 68.2% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. During the first 48 weeks, no patients changed their treatment due to toxicity, and 4 patients (all with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml) changed due to virological failure. Conclusions: EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV was well tolerated and effective in treatment-experienced patients with undetectable viral load as a simplification strategy, allowing once-daily, two-pill regimen with three antiretroviral drug classes. Effectiveness was low in patients with detectable viral loads