A Block-Free Distributed Ledger for P2P Energy Trading:Case with IOTA?

& #x00A9; 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Across the world, the organisation and operation of the electricity markets is quickly changing, moving towards decentralised, distributed, renewables-based generation with real-time data exchange-based solutions. In order to support this change, blockchain-based distributed ledgers have been proposed for implementation of peer-to-peer energy trading platform. However, blockchain solutions suffer from scalability problems as well as from delays in transaction confirmation. This paper explores the feasibility of using IOTA’s DAG-based block-free distributed ledger for implementation of energy trading platforms. Our agent-based simulation research demonstrates that an IOTA-like DAG-based solution could overcome the constraints that blockchains face in the energy market. However, to be usable for peer-to-peer energy trading, even DAG-based platforms need to consider specificities of energy trading markets (such as structured trading periods and assured confirmation of transactions for every completed period)

A Deep Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Age-Related Eye Disease Study Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Color Fundus Photography

Acknowledgments The authors thank the Age-Related Eye Disease Study participants and the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group for their valuable contribution to this research, and all study participants for contributing to the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Advantages of a topographically controlled runoff simulation in a soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model

Two methods to incorporate subgrid variability in soil moisture and runoff production into soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models are compared: 1) the variable infiltration capacity model approach (VIC), and 2) a modified "TOPMODEL'' approach. Because neither approach needs to track surface or subsurface flow within a catchment explicitly, they represent computationally efficient ways to represent hydrologic processes within the context of regional and global modeling. This study shows that, during low flow periods, the runoff simulation is superior when using the TOPMODEL-based equations, especially during the rising limb of the autumn hydrograph. A main drawback of the modified VIC-model approach, especially for regional and global application, is that, with five free parameters, considerably more model calibration is required. TOPMODEL, on the other hand, requires only the determination of one free parameter. However, a TOPMODEL approach does require extensive preprocessing of topographic data, and issues concerning resolution of the data used become relevant

Using Serious Gaming to Discover and Understand Distributed Ledger Technology in Distributed Energy Systems

Part 8: Knowledge Based EngineeringInternational audienceThis paper provides an extension to a family of games that are in the theme of distributed energy systems. This extension of the family of games is a direct result of developing a derived type of game, that is, an energy trading and investing game that involves the infrastructural usage of a new technology, in this particular case, blockchain (a type of distributed ledger technology). The game’s novel architecture is explained succinctly, and some results are discussed. Shortly, the extensions of the generic architecture are listed, and special emphasis is put on the idea that such a game must have a two-phased play – one with the novel technology not active and one with it activated. Finally, some insights in game architecture development and the necessary next steps are posited

Power to gas energy storage system for energy self-sufficient smart cities development

The main energy challenge in the smart cities development is the optimization of the energy system to reduce energy cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The low feed-in tariff offered by the electricity retailer is another incentive to trade the energy within the project boundaries or neighbouring precincts using the Blockchain peer to peer energy trading. This study develops an energy system model for the RENeW Nexus project as part of smart city development at stage one in the City of Fremantle for a small community (Lot 1819) comprising 36 townhouses and 50 apartments. The system was developed to simulate the optimal Power to Gas (P2G) system for excess renewable energy storage in combination with shared strata battery towards an energy self-sufficiency system. The rooftop area of the townhouses in the developed precinct has been used to generate excess renewable energy from solar photovoltaic (PV) to compensate for less area available on the rooftops of the multi-story apartment's buildings in the presence of a large-scale centralised strata battery. The peer to peer energy trading takes place using Blockchain technology to achieve the energy self-sufficiency goal. The study also identifies the techno-economic viability of P2G system over the large-scale energy storage systems. The model simulation demonstrated that the initial cost of the P2G system is comparably less than the current conventional battery systems

A land surface scheme for atmospheric and hydrologic models: SEWAB (Surface Energy and Water Balance)

Ein Landoberflaechenschema wird vorgestellt, das den Transport von Waerme und Wasser zwischen dem Erdboden, der Vegetation und der Atmosphaere unter Beruecksichtigung von teilweise bewachsenem Boden beschreibt. Im Erdboden werden die Diffusionsgleichungen fuer Waerme und Feuchte auf einem Gitter mit mehreren Schichten geloest. Das Schema SEWAB (Surface Energy and Water Balance) beschreibt die Landoberflaechenprozesse in atmosphaerischen Modellen und berechnet den Oberflaechenabfluss und den Basisabfluss, die als Eingabedaten fuer hydrologische Modelle genutzt werden koennen. Das Modell wurde mit Daten des FIFE-Experiments kalibriert und hat an Vergleichsexperimenten fuer Landoberflaechen-Schemata im Rahmen des PILPS-Projektes teilgenommen. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass die Aufteilung der einfallenden Strahlung und des Niederschlages in den sensiblen und latenten Waermefluss und auch in Abfluss und Speicherung der Bodenfeuchte in SEWAB den beobachteten Daten recht gut entspricht. (orig.)A soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer scheme is presented here which solves the coupled system of the Surface Energy and Water Balance (SEWAB) equations considering partly vegetated surfaces. It is based on the one-layer concept for vegetation. In the soil the diffusion equations for heat and moisture are solved on a multi-layer grid. SEWAB has been developed to serve as a land-surface scheme for atmospheric circulation models. Being forced with atmospheric data from either simulations or measurements it calculates surface and subsurface runoff that can serve as input to hydrologic models. The model has been validated with field data from the FIFE experiment and has participated in the PILPS project for intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes. From these experiments we feel that SEWAB reasonably well partitions the radiation and precipitation into sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as into runoff and soil moisture Storage. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 3251(97/E/69) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman