Using trendsetting chefs to design new culinary preparations with the "Penjar" tomato

New food products are normally marketed after research regarding consumers' preferences. As an alternative, we used trendsetting chefs to develop and evaluate products with the traditional, long shelf life,Postprint (published version

Long-term postharvest aroma evolution of tomatoes with the alcobaça (alc) mutation

The postharvest evolution of Penjar tomatoes has been studied in four accessions representative of the variability of the varietal type. The long-term shelf life of these materials, which carry the alc allele, was confirmed with 31.2-59.1% of commercial fruits after 6 months of effective conservation at room temperature and a limited loss of weight (21.1-27.9%). Aroma in Penjar tomatoes is differentiated from other tomato varieties by a characteristic 'sharp-floral' aroma descriptor. The evolution of the 'sharp-floral' aroma during postharvest showed a peak of intensity at 2 months of postharvest, though in one accession a delay of 2 months in this response was detected. Out of 25 volatiles analysed, including main and background notes, a reverse iPLS variable selection revealed that the main candidates behind this aromatic behaviour are ¿-terpineol, trans-2-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, trans-2-octenal, ¿-pinene, ß-ionone, 2 + 3-methylbutanol and phenylacetaldehyde. Between harvest and 2 months postharvest, most compounds reduced considerably their concentration, while the intensity of the 'sharp-floral' descriptor increased, which means that probably there is a rearrangement of the relative concentrations among volatiles that may lead to masking/unmasking processes. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.This work was supported by grants from the Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacio de la Comunidad Valenciana, the Fundacion de la Comunidad Valenciana para la Investigacion Agroalimentaria (AGROALIMED) and from the Departament d'Agricultura, Alimentacio i Accio Rural (DAR) de la Generalitat de Catalunya.Casals Missio, J.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Rosello Ripolles, S.; Beltran Arandes, J.; Casanas, F.; Nuez Viñals, F. (2011). Long-term postharvest aroma evolution of tomatoes with the alcobaça (alc) mutation. 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Yield, quality and conservation of heterozygous tomatoes in alcobaça, nonripening and ripening inhibitor loci

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos de produtividade, qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de tomates, para comparar os efeitos promovidos pelos alelos alcobaça (norA), nonripening (nor) e ripening inhibitor (rin) em heterozigose, isoladamente ou em duplas combinações, sobre frutos de tomateiros híbridos. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos: sete híbridos experimentais quase-isogênicos, com background FloraDade x Tropic de genótipos nor+/norA, rin+/rin, nor+/nor, nor/norA, nor+/norA rin+/rin e nor+/nor rin+/rin; e três testemunhas comerciais (Floradade, Tropic e Carmen F1). Contrariamente aos genótipos rin+/rin e nor+/nor, o genótipo nor+/norA não prolongou, significativamente, a firmeza dos frutos em pós-colheita. Os genótipos duplo-mutantes norA/nor, nor+/norA rin+/rin e nor+/nor rin+/rin foram eficientes em atrasar a perda de firmeza e a evolução da coloração dos frutos; os efeitos dos locos nor+/norA e rin+/rin, juntos, sofreram desvios significativos em relação à soma dos efeitos desses locos, quando atuaram separadamente, no sentido de intensificarem esses atrasos. O uso de híbridos heterozigotos, nas duplas combinações entre os locos norA, nor e rin, mostrou-se vantajoso por propiciar frutos firmes, com maior extensão da vida pós-colheita, em comparação com o uso dos híbridos portadores desses locos isoladamente. A qualidade dos frutos duplo-mutantes não foi limitada pelo atraso na evolução da coloração vermelha.Thie objective of this work was to evaluate yield, quality and postharvest conservation of tomatoes, to compare the effects promoted by the alcobaça (norA), nonripening (nor) and ripening inhibitor (rin) alleles, in heterozygosis, singly or in double combinations on hybrid tomato fruits. Ten treatments were evaluated: seven experimental nearly isogenic hybrids of FloraDade x Tropic background or reciprocal with nor+/norA, rin+/rin, nor+/nor, nor/norA, nor+/norA rin+/rin and nor+/nor rin+/rin genotypes, and three commercial checks (FloraDade, Tropic and Carmen F1). Oppositely to the genotypes rin+/rin and nor+/nor, the genotype nor+/norA did not significantly extend the firmness of the fruits in postharvest. The double mutant genotypes norA/nor, nor+/norA rin+/rin and nor+/nor rin+/rin were efficient in delaying firmness loss and the evolution of fruits colouring; the effects of loci nor+/norA and rin+/rin, together, underwent significant deviations relatively to the sum of these loci effects, when acting singly, in the sense of enhancing those delays. Use of heterozygous hybrids in the double combinations among loci norA, nor and rin proved advantageous for providing firm fruits with a longer postharvest lifetime, as compared with the hybrids carrying these loci singly. The quality of double mutant fruits was not restricted by the delay in the evolution of red coloration

Sugar-and-acid profile of Penjar tomatoes and its evolution during storage

The alcobaca mutation in the Penjar tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety alters the ripening process and confers a long shelf life (more than four months). Storage of Penjar tomatoes leads to a distinctive sensory profile valued by local consumers, who prefer aged tomatoes to fresh ones. To study chemical changes occurring during storage, we characterized the complete sugar-and-acid profile of 25 accessions at harvest and at 2 and 4 months after harvest. We found considerable variability in the sugar-and-acid profile within the Penjar variety, especially for fructose and glucose. Some accessions presented exceptionally high values for sugars, making them especially interesting for breeding programs. During postharvest, the concentration of glucose, fructose, and citric acid decreased, whereas the concentration of malic and glutamic acids increased. Data from this study offer novel insights into postharvest changes in tomato quality parameters and help elucidate the reasons for the appreciation of this variety by consumers.Postprint (published version

Comportamento pós-colheita das características químicas, bioquímicas e físicas de frutos de tomateiros heterozigotos nos locos alcobaça e ripening inhibitort Post-harvest behaviour of chemical, biochemical and physical aspects of tomato fruits heterozygous in alcobaça and ripening inhibitor loci

Os alelos mutantes alc e rin retardam o processo de amadurecimento do tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), interferindo principalmente na síntese de pigmentos carotenóides e na firmeza dos frutos. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos alelos mutantes alc e rin, em heterozigose (alc+/alc e rin+/rin) sobre características químicas, bioquímicas e físicas de frutos de tomateiro em três estádios de maturação. Os alelos alc e rin em heterozigose não exerceram influência marcante sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos nos estádios de maturação apropriados para o consumo. O genótipo rin+/rinatuou mais intensamente no sentido de reduzir os teores de licopeno e, conseqüentemente, promover maior deficiência na coloração vermelha dos frutos quando comparado ao efeito do genótipo alc+/alc. Nos frutos maduros, a atividade da enzima pectinametilesterase sofreu maior redução pela ação do genótipo rin+/rin. O genótipo alc+/alc foi mais eficiente em reduzir a atividade da poligalacturonase. No estádio breaker, não houve influência dos alelos em heterozigose sobre os teores de celulose, hemicelulose e pectina dos frutos. No estádio intermediário, o genótipo rin+/rin promoveu redução na fração hemicelulose. No estádio maduro, o alelo rin em heterozigose promoveu redução significativa nos teores de celulose e pectina do material da parede celular.<br>The ripening mutants alc and rin delay tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ripening and affect synthesis of carotenoids pigments and fruit firmness. This paper reports on the comparative effects of heterozygous alc and rin genotipes (alc+/alc and rin+/rin) on chemical, biochemical and physical aspects of tomato fruit during three ripening stages. Neither alc+/alc nor rin+/rin influenced total solids contents in the intermediary or fully ripe stages. The genotype rin+/rin brought about a more marked reduction in lycopene than alc+/alc, relative to the normal genotype. In mature fruit, pectinmethylesterase activity was more markedly by rin+/rin, whereas alc+/alc was more effective in reducing polygalacturose activity. In the breaker stage, neither mutant affected cellulose, hemicellulose or pectin contents. In the intermediary stage hemicellulose was reduced by rin+/rin and, in mature stage, rin+/rin reduced cell wall cellulose and pectin fractions. Both alc+/alc and rin+/rin can be efficiently deployed in breeding long shelf life tomato hybrids