Radio-star visibility fades observed in the auroral zone, part i scientific report no. 1

Radio star signal visibility fading observed in auroral zone by phase-switching interferomete

Radiowave scattering structure in the disturbed auroral ionosphere - Some measured properties, volume 1

Quantitative analysis on radio wave scattering in disturbed auroral ionospher

Evidence for the tongue of ionization under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions

[1] The activities of the International Ionospheric Tomography Community open up new possibilities of simultaneously imaging the large-scale spatial structure of the ionosphere in different longitude sectors. In the study, tomography receiver chains in Scandinavia and Greenland were used to provide a wide view of the plasma density structure in the winter, magnetic postnoon sector under conditions of stable, positive interplanetary magnetic field B z component. The spatial distributions of the plasma are discussed in light of a high-latitude plasma convection pattern pertinent to the conditions, which is supported by DMSP flow measurements. The observations are consistent with a tongue of dayside photoionization being drawn antisunward by the convection pattern to form an arc of enhanced plasma density around the periphery of the polar cap

Accounting students and communication apprehension: a study of Spanish and UK students

Accounting is about measuring and communicating. Accounting bodies and employers have expressed opinions, which have been supported by research results, advocating that greater emphasis is placed on the development of communication skills throughout the education and training of accountants. Consequently, an increasing number of accounting programmes now include communication skills as educational objectives or learning outcomes, and have integrated activities into the curriculum specifically to develop these skills. It is important to recognise that certain factors can severely restrict the development of communication skills; a major factor is communication apprehension. Research suggests that the existence of high levels of communication apprehension will make efforts to improve communication skills ineffective. Previous research findings indicate that accounting students have high levels of communication apprehension. This paper compares and contrasts the levels and profiles of communication apprehension exhibited by accounting students at the (UK University) and those at the (ESP University). The levels of communication apprehension are also compared with those of students from other disciplines at the same institutions. The results confirm the high levels of communication apprehension in European accounting students. There are notable differences between the two countries however in certain underlying factors.</p

Stimulus control and contingency contracting for behavior change and weight loss.

Stimulus control treatments for obesity are based on the unconformed assumptions that (a) instructions to alter eating behaviors produce change, and (b) that these changes in eating behavior cause weight loss. The behavioral changes produced by contingency contracting for weight loss are also unexplored. The present study used direct observation and self monitoring data to explore the functional relationship between (a) instructions in stimulus control procedures and behavior changes and subsequent weight loss, and between (b) contingency contracting and behavior changes and subsequent weight loss. The effect of the procedures was compared and their interaction also was examined. In an A-B-BC-B-BC design, four moderately obese adult females were individually treated for 25 weeks with alternating five-week phases of stimulus control or contingency contracting procedures. Instructions in stimulus control produced changes in all monitored eating behaviors while contingency contracting also produced improvements in some eating behaviors. The moderate weight losses produced by both procedures was associated with a reduction of snacking and eating rates. The results also show that therapist instructions are not necessary for behavior changes and that external contingencies are not needed for weight losses. Further development and application of direct observation procedures with a broader range of target behaviors are required to clarify the functional relationship between behavior change and weight loss

Radio tomographic imaging of the northern high-latitude ionosphere on a wide geographic scale

Several chains of receivers, measuring total electron content (TEC) during passes of satellites in the U.S. Navy Ionospheric Measuring System (NIMS), are operated at northern high latitudes by members of the International Ionospheric Tomography Community (IITC). Results are presented here of nearly simultaneous latitude-altitude images of the ionosphere over Scandinavia, Greenland, and Alaska, generated from IITC data obtained on 20 September 2001 and interpreted in the context of an IMF-dependent convection model. The images are compared with output from a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model and also with maps of high-latitude TEC generated from GPS measurements. With B z and B y both weakly negative, the images and map reveal plasma features of a two-cell convection pattern rotated slightly to earlier local magnetic times. The tomographic images provide details of map features such as a tongue of ionization created by solar EUV radiation on the dayside and entrained by convection into the polar cap from the western Russian sector. Combining latitude versus altitude tomographic images generated in different longitudinal sectors from polar-orbiting beacon satellites such as those of NIMS with TEC maps from GPS offers an emerging opportunity for polar aeronomic studies, especially if further related to synoptic convection measurements. The results also demonstrate the potential role of wide-scale radio tomography in the verification of ionospheric models

Evidence for the tongue of ionization under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions

[1] The activities of the International Ionospheric Tomography Community open up new possibilities of simultaneously imaging the large-scale spatial structure of the ionosphere in different longitude sectors. In the study, tomography receiver chains in Scandinavia and Greenland were used to provide a wide view of the plasma density structure in the winter, magnetic postnoon sector under conditions of stable, positive interplanetary magnetic field B z component. The spatial distributions of the plasma are discussed in light of a high-latitude plasma convection pattern pertinent to the conditions, which is supported by DMSP flow measurements. The observations are consistent with a tongue of dayside photoionization being drawn antisunward by the convection pattern to form an arc of enhanced plasma density around the periphery of the polar cap