Conocimiento local de especies del bosque en relaci?n con los medios de vida en Sharabata, Chirrip?, Costa Rica

Tesis (M. Sc) -- CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 200724 semi-structured interviews were applied and participant observation was used. The results obtained from these activities were used to create a description of the livelihoods and a characterization of the productive systeMON. The identification of useful species in the community was conducted in two ways through interviews and journeys with key informants in the forest and other productive areas, and in a participative workshop with some members of the community. A list of 137 useful species sorted in 16 categories was made based on the information collected. In addition, a ranking of the five most important species for the community was obtained at the workshop. Esta investigaci?n tuvo como objetivo determinar la importancia del conocimiento local sobre el uso de especies vegetales presentes en la comunidad ind?gena de Sharabata, en relaci?n con sus medios de vida. Se realiz? una revisi?n documental sobre la comunidad, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en 24 hogares de la misma y se utiliz? la observaci?n participante dentro de las fincas como complemento a la entrevista. Con esta informaci?n si hizo una descripci?n de los medios de vida y caracterizaci?n de los sistemas productivos. La identificaci?n de las especies ?tiles presentes en la comunidad se realiz? entrevistando a cinco conocedores locales, con los que se realizaron recorridos para la colecta de ejemplares, y mediante un taller con la participaci?n de parte de la poblaci?n. Se obtuvo un listado de 137 especies ubicadas en 16 categor?as de uso y una categorizaci?n de las cinco especies con mayor importancia para la comunidad. The purpose of the study was to determine the importance of the local knowledge among the use of forest species found in the indigenous community of Sharabata and its relationship with their livelihoods. The Ecosystem Approach highlights the importance of integrating the local knowledge with the development proposals. A bibliographic review of this community was conducte

Gene expression in coffee

Coffee is cultivated in more than 70 countries of the intertropical belt where it has important economic, social and environmental impacts. As for many other crops, the development of molecular biology technics allowed to launch research projects for coffee analyzing gene expression. In the 90s decade, the first expression studies were performed by Northern-blot or PCR, and focused on genes coding enzymes of the main compounds (e.g., storage proteins, sugars, complex polysaccharides, caffeine and chlorogenic acids) found in green beans. Few years after, the development of 454 pyrosequencing technics generated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) obviously from beans but also from other organs (e.g., leaves and roots) of the two main cultivated coffee species, Coffea arabica and C. canephora. Together with the use of real-time quantitative PCR, these ESTs significantly raised the number of coffee gene expression studies leading to the identification of (1) key genes of biochemical pathways, (2) candidate genes involved in biotic and abiotic stresses as well as (3) molecular markers essential to assess the genetic diversity of the Coffea genus, for example. The development of more recent Illumina sequencing technology now allows large-scale transcriptome analysis in coffee plants and opens the way to analyze the effects on gene expression of complex biological processes like genotype and environment interactions, heterosis and gene regulation in polypoid context like in C. arabica. The aim of the present review is to make an extensive list of coffee genes studied and also to perform an inventory of large-scale sequencing (RNAseq) projects already done or on-going