Integrated modeling approach to the analysis of food security and sustainable rural developments: Ukrainian case study

In Ukraine, the growth of intensive agricultural enterprises with a focus on fast profits contributes considerably to food insecurity and increasing socio-economic and environmental risks. Ukraine has important natural and labor resources for effective rural development. For example, more than 50% of food production is still managed in small and medium farms despite the difficulties associated with economic instabilities and the lack of proper policy support. The main issue for the agro-policy nowadays is to use these resources in a sustainable way enforcing robust long term development of rural communities and agriculture. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic geographically explicit model for designing forward looking policies regarding robust resources allocation and composition of agricultural production enhancing food security and rural development. In particular, we investigate the role of investments into rural facilities to stabilize and enhance the performance of the agrofood sector in view of uncertainties and incomplete information. The security goals are introduced in the form of multidimensional risk indicators

“Accidental Victims” of Trial and Investigation: Problem of Keeping Suspects and Defendants in Russian Empire in 1725—1741

The article is devoted to the problem of the arrest of suspects in Russia in 1725—1741. As a result of the analysis of historiography and historical sources, the author came to the conclusion that the history of the court in Russia in the early modern period is inextricably linked with the history of places of detention, since Russian prisons of the 18th century were intended primarily to hold defendants, and not to punish criminals. The study of normative legal acts of the middle of the 17th century — 1741 showed that the arrest as a measure necessary for the timely presentation of litigants to the court was officially stipulated for the first time in the decree “On the form of the court” of November 5, 1723. A comparison of the norms of laws and the actual practice of legal proceedings of central and regional institutions revealed that the institution of arrest of suspects and defendants was not properly regulated. It was a “blind spot” in legislation that led to prison overcrowding. The rule on the arrest of suspects was aggravated by the introduction in the reign of Peter the Great of a revision-decisive procedure for approving sentences and reviewing court cases, which concerned serious crimes, and a significant extent of the territory of Russia

Metabolic engineering of robust industrial strains for de novo resveratrol production from sole carbon sources for application in process-like conditions

For industrial applications, the search for robust microorganisms is essential to design sustainable processes. In addition to the wide range of uses in the food industry, S. cerevisiae is used as a robust cell factory to produce many chemicals of interest to society, from biofuels to high-value natural products. Resveratrol is a phenolic antioxidant compound, usually extracted by a complex and low-efficiency process from grapes or the roots of Japanese knotweed, and therefore being dependent on the supply of plant resources, as well as environmental factors. It can also be synthesized chemically through a complex and polluting method. In this sense, its production through microbial biosynthesis can side these drawbacks, being however mainly produced at the cost of expensive substrates as pcoumaric acid. De novo resveratrol production from glucose has been recently reported in a laboratory strain1. In this work, multiple robust industrial diploid strains were successfully engineered with resveratrol central pathway (PAL2/C4H/CL2/VST1) using CRISPR/Cas9 system for its de novo production through phenylalanine using glucose as sole carbon source. Top-producing strains revealed a resveratrol titre ca. 25% higher when compared to a laboratory strain using the same glucose concentration. Strains were screened in both batch and fed-batch conditions, revealing promising performance for scale-up application. This work aims for the construction of a fully engineered robust yeast strain for resveratrol production for industrial application.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) by the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/130739/2017 to Carlos E. Costa, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006684), BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004), YeasTempTation (ERA-IB-2-6/0001/2014), and MultiBiorefinery project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the Tremaine-Weinberg method: how much can we trust gas tracers to measure pattern speeds?

Pattern speeds are a fundamental parameter of the dynamical features (e.g. bars, spiral arms) of a galaxy, setting resonance locations. Pattern speeds are not directly observable, so the Tremaine–Weinberg (TW) method has become the most common method used to measure them in galaxies. However, it has not been tested properly whether this method can straightforwardly be applied to gas tracers, despite this being widely done in the literature. When applied to observations, the TW method may return invalid results, which are difficult to diagnose due to a lack of ground truth for comparison. Although some works applying the TW method to simulated galaxies exist, only stellar populations have been tested. Therefore, here we explore the applicability of the TW method for gas tracers, by applying it to hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies, where we know the true value of the bar pattern speed. We perform some simple tests to see if the TW method has a physically reasonable output. We add different kinds of uncertainties (e.g. in position angle or flux) to the data to mock observational errors based on the magnitude of uncertainty present in the observations. Secondly, we test the method on 3D simulations with chemical networks. We show that in general, applying TW to observations of gas will not recover the true pattern speed. These results have implications for many ‘pattern speeds’ reported in the literature, and based on these tests we also give some best practices for measuring pattern speeds using gas tracers going forwards

Practice-oriented approach in the training of mid-level specialists

The article devotes to the problems of training mid-level specialists, and look through the options for their solutions through building cooperation college and enterprisesСтатья посвящена проблемам подготовки специалистов среднего звена и рассмотрению вариантов их решения через построение взаимодействия колледжа и промышленных предприяти

The application of modular technology of training in the model of dual vocational education

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения дуальной системы в практике современного российского профессионального образования. Раскрываются возможности модульной технологии обучения в модели дуального профессионального образования студентов колледжа на примере компетенции «Промышленная автоматика»The article discusses the use of the dual system in practice of modern Russian professional education. Reveal the possibilities of modular technology education in the model of dual vocational education College students on the example of the competence of «Industrial automation

Comparative analysis of the old and new versions of GOST 7.32

On July 1, 2018, a new edition of GOST 7.32–2017 «The Report on Scientific Research. Structure and rules of registration». Modern possibilities of document circulation in electronic and paper form and updated requirements for design are presented in this version. In this article, the distinctive features of the old and new versions of the standard are presentedС 1 июля 2018 года в силу вступает новая редакция ГОСТ 7.32–2017 «Отчет о научно-исследовательской работе. Структура и правила оформления». В указанной версии учтены современные возможности документооборота в электронном и бумажном виде, актуализированы и дополнены существующие требования к оформлению. В настоящей работе приведены отличительные черты старой и новой редакций стандарт

Exome sequencing from nanogram amounts of starting DNA: comparing three approaches

Hybridization-based target enrichment protocols require relatively large starting amounts of genomic DNA, which is not always available. Here, we tested three approaches to pre-capture library preparation starting from 10 ng of genomic DNA: (i and ii) whole-genome amplification of DNA samples with REPLI-g (Qiagen) and GenomePlex (Sigma) kits followed by standard library preparation, and (iii) library construction with a low input oriented ThruPLEX kit (Rubicon Genomics). Exome capture with Agilent SureSelectXT2 Human AllExon v4+UTRs capture probes, and HiSeq2000 sequencing were performed for test libraries along with the control library prepared from 1 µg of starting DNA. Tested protocols were characterized in terms of mapping efficiency, enrichment ratio, coverage of the target region, and reliability of SNP genotyping. REPLI-g- and ThruPLEX-FD-based protocols seem to be adequate solutions for exome sequencing of low input samples

A New Approach to the Imperial History of Russia in the 18th Century. Review of: Vulpius, R. (2020). Die Geburt des Russländischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas. Köln: Böhlau Verlag GmbH. 610 S.

Поступила в редакцию: 12.03.2021. Принята к печати: 12.10.2021.Submitted: 12.03.2021. Accepted: 12.10.2021.Рецензия посвящена анализу книги Рикарды Вульпиус «Рождение Российской империи. Понятия и практики господства в XVIII в.». В центре внимания автора рецензируемой монографии — вопрос о том, когда Россия стала империей. Р. Вульпиус обратила особое внимание на дискуссию вокруг этой проблемы применительно к XVIII в. и предложила свой вариант ее решения через использование методологии Begriffsgeschichte, связав такие понятия, как имперский дискурс и колониализм. По мнению Р. Вульпиус, большую роль в формировании имперской идеи в России играло освоение территорий Сибири и Дальнего Востока, Кавказа и земель, заселенных башкирами, калмыками и казахами. Несмотря на скрупулезность проведенной работы, книга не лишена недостатков. Они обусловлены узостью источниковой базы исследования и невозможностью использования подхода Begriffsgeschichte при анализе структур, созданных для управления индигенным населением Российской империи.The review analyses Die Geburt des Russländischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas (The Birth of the Russian Empire: Concepts and Practices of Domination in the 18th Century) by Ricarda Vulpius. The author of the monograph focuses on the question of when Russia became an empire. Vulpius pays special attention to the discussion around this problem in relation to the eighteenth century and offers her own solution to the problem using the Begriffsgeschichte methodology. The historian connects such concepts as imperial discourse and colonialism. In her opinion, a major role in the formation of the imperial idea in Russia was played by the development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East, the Caucasus and the lands inhabited by Bashkirs, Kalmyks, and Kazakhs. Despite the thoroughness of the work carried out, the book is not without drawbacks. They are due to the narrowness of the source base of the study and the impossibility of using the Begriffsgeschichte approach in analysing the structures created for the management of the indigenous population of the Russian Empire.Исследование подготовлено в рамках поддержанного РФФИ научного проекта № 20-09-42022 («Ментальное государство» Петра Великого и эксперименты регионального администрирования. Первая четверть XVIII в.»).The study was prepared within the framework of scholarly project 20-09-42022 (“The Mental State” of Peter the Great and Experiments of Regional Administration. The First Quarter of the 18th Century”), supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research