Análisis de la consanguinidad de la población de bovinos Holando inscriptos en el sistema de Control Lechero Oficial de la República Argentina

Valores crecientes de consanguinidad pueden reducir la fertilidad, salud y productividad de los bovinos lecheros.El objetivo fue estimar el coeficiente de consanguinidad de la población de bovinos Holando Argentino con registro genealógico en la base de datos de la Asociación Criadores de Holando Argentino. La población en estudio comprendió 422.563 animales con ancestros conocidos, origen argentino y nacidos entre los años 1990 y 2009, referente a la genealogía de hembras de Registro de Crías (grado) y Registro de Pedigrí del Sistema Nacional de Control Lechero Oficial. Los coeficientes de consanguinidad fueron obtenidos mediante la implementación de un algoritmo recursivo modificado que considera la consanguinidad de padres desconocidos. La consanguinidad promedio para los 422.563 animales fue 3,38%. La tendencia del coeficiente de consanguinidad, por año de nacimiento de los animales, para la población fue 0,13%. Se observó que el valor para las hembras de Registro de Pedigrí (n=22.174) fue del 4%; el estimado para las 394.239 hembras del Registro de Crías fue del 3,3%. En los 6.150 machos el coeficiente de consanguinidad promedio calculado fue de 3,9%. La consanguinidad promedio para las hembras de la población Holando Argentino fue menor a la observada en poblaciones Holstein de otros países con lechería de relevancia. Sin embargo, debido a su tendencia positiva se sugiere considerar estrategias para controlar su incremento y así mantener una variación genética adecuada en las características de importancia económica.Increasing values of inbreeding can reduce fertility, health and productivity of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to estimate the inbreeding coefficient of the population of registered Argentine Holstein dairy cattle with genealogical records in the Argentine Holstein Breeders Association database. The population comprised 422563 animals with known ancestors, from Argentine origin, and born between 1990 and 2009 corresponding to the genealogy of females from Offspring Registration (grade) and Pedigree Registration listed in the National Official Milk Control System with genetic values for the characteristics milk kg, fat kg, protein kg. Inbreeding coefficients were obtained by implementing a modified recursive algorithm which considers the consanguinity of unknown parents. The average inbreeding for the 422563 animals was 3.38%. The trend of inbreeding coefficient by year of birth of the animals for the entire population was 0.13%. When analyzing the average inbreeding according to type of animal registration, it was observed that the value for the females from Pedigree Registry (n = 22174) was 4%, and 3.3% the estimated for the 394239 females from the Offsprings Registry. With regard to males (n = 6150, Pedigree Registry) the estimated average inbreeding coefficient was 3.9%. The average inbreeding for the Argentine Holstein female population was lower than that observed in Holstein populations from countries with a dairy activity of relevance. However, due to the positive trend it is suggested to consider strategies to control its growth and maintain genetic variability in the traits of economic importance.Gerencia de Comunicación e Imagen InstitucionalFil: Andere, Cecilia I. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Rubio, Natalia Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, E. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Aguilar, Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA). Estación Experimental Las Brujas; UruguayFil: Casanova, Daniel E. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Orientações para o cultivo do pequizeiro.

Após 25 anos de esforço e dedicação de pesquisadores da Agência Goiana de Assistência Técnica, Extensão Rural e Pesquisa Agropecuária (Emater) e da Embrapa Cerrados da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), a população goiana agora recebe seis novas variedades de pequi, que vêm para revolucionar o tradicional fruto de Goiás. Agregando valor econômico, social, científi co e cultural para o Estado, uma vez que se trata de um dos ingredientes mais populares de nossa culinária, as seis variedades, sendo três com espinhos e três sem espinhos, são fruto de investimentos em pesquisa pública. Tudo visando atender à demanda da sociedade e dos produtores rurais por pequis de qualidade e manejo superiores. O objetivo, agora, é propagar o resultado obtido, que traz consigo impactos positivos para o meio ambiente, como a manutenção de áreas de preservação permanente e recuperação de áreas degradadas; para a economia, com a geração de emprego e renda; e para a ciência, com novos conhecimentos sobre o mais conhecido fruto do Cerrado ? além do desenvolvimento do maior banco de germoplasma de pequi do mundo, localizado nas Estações Experimentais da Emate

Cultivares de pequizeiro.

Após 25 anos de esforço e dedicação de pesquisadores da Agência Goiana de Assistência Técnica, Extensão Rural e Pesquisa Agropecuária (Emater) e da Embrapa Cerrados da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), a população goiana agora recebe seis novas variedades de pequi, que vêm para revolucionar o tradicional fruto de Goiás. Agregando valor econômico, social, científi co e cultural para o Estado, uma vez que se trata de um dos ingredientes mais populares de nossa culinária, as seis variedades, sendo três com espinhos e três sem espinhos, são fruto de investimentos em pesquisa pública. Tudo visando atender à demanda da sociedade e dos produtores rurais por pequis de qualidade e manejo superiores. O objetivo, agora, é propagar o resultado obtido, que traz consigo impactos positivos para o meio ambiente, como a manutenção de áreas de preservação permanente e recuperação de áreas degradadas; para a economia, com a geração de emprego e renda; e para a ciência, com novos conhecimentos sobre o mais conhecido fruto do Cerrado ? além do desenvolvimento do maior banco de germoplasma de pequi do mundo, localizado nas Estações Experimentais da Emate

Reproductive performance of Argentine Holstein cows grouped according to genetic merit for milk production

Effect of groupings of Argentine Holstein cows according to genetic merit for milk production on several indicators of reproductive performance was evaluated. Reproductive data and predictions of the genetic merit (predicted transmitting ability HTP) for milk production, of 14,993 cows, born between 1994-2004 and belonging to 61 dairy farms under official control by the Royal Society of Trenque Lauquen, Buenos Aires, were used. Criteria estimated for the first four lactations were: interval between successive calvings (IEP); days open (IPC); number of services per conception (NS/C); total number of calvings (NP), milk yield in first lactation (PL/L), and lifetime yield (PLT). According to HTP values for milk yields, the three genetic groups formed were superior, medium, and inferior. Analysis of NS/C included only information from 3,901 cows for which an adequate reproductive management was assured. Over the first four production cycles, the group with highest HTP showed a lower reproductive performance in terms of longer intervals between calvings, more open days, more services per conception and few calvings, but as expected, had higher first lactation and total milk yields

Genetic and phenotypic consequences of early domestication in black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)

CITATION: Rhode, C. et al. 2020. Genetic and phenotypic consequences of early domestication in black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). Animal Genetics. 51:752-762. doi:10.1111/age.12961The original publication is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/13652052The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, is an emerging biotechnological agent with its larvae being effective converters of organic waste into usable bio-products including protein and lipids. To date, most operations use unimproved commercial populations produced by mass rearing, without cognisance of specific breeding strategies. The genetic and phenotypic consequences of these commercial practices remain unknown and could have a significant impact on long-term population viability and productivity. The aim of this study was thus to assess the genetic and phenotypic changes during the early phases of colony establishment and domestication in the black soldier fly. An experimental colony was established from wild founder flies and a new microsatellite marker panel was developed to assess population genetic parameters along with the phenotypic characteristics of each generational cohort under captive breeding. The experimental colony was characterised by a small effective population size, subsequent loss of genetic diversity and rapid genetic and phenotypic differentiation between the generational cohorts. Ultimately, the population collapsed by the fifth generation, most likely owing to the adverse effect of inbreeding depression following the fixation of deleterious alleles. Species with r-selected life history characteristics (e.g. short life-span, high fecundity and low larval survival) are known to pose particular challenges for genetic management. The current study suggests that sufficient genetic and phenotypic variations exist in the wild population and that domestication and strain development could be achieved with careful population augmentation and selection during the early stages of colony establishment.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.12961Publishers versio

Drug use and nightlife: more than just dance music

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Research over the last decade has focused almost exclusively on the association between electronic music and MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or "ecstasy") or other stimulant drug use in clubs. Less attention has been given to other nightlife venues and music preferences, such as rock music or southern/funky music. This study aims to examine a broader spectrum of nightlife, beyond dance music. It looks at whether certain factors influence the frequency of illegal drug and alcohol use: the frequency of going to certain nightlife venues in the previous month (such as, pubs, clubs or goa parties); listening to rock music, dance music or southern and funky music; or sampling venues (such as, clubs, dance events or rock festivals). The question of how these nightlife variables influence the use of popular drugs like alcohol, MDMA, cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines is addressed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study sample consisted of 775 visitors of dance events, clubs and rock festivals in Belgium. Study participants answered a survey on patterns of going out, music preferences and drug use. Odds ratios were used to determine whether the odds of being an illegal substance user are higher for certain nightlife-related variables. Furthermore, five separate ordinal regression analyses were used to investigate drug use in relation to music preference, venues visited during the last month and sampling venue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Respondents who used illegal drugs were 2.5 times more likely to report that they prefer dance music. Goa party visitors were nearly 5 times more likely to use illegal drugs. For those who reported visiting clubs, the odds of using illegal drugs were nearly 2 times higher. Having gone to a pub in the last month was associated with both more frequent alcohol use and more frequent illegal substance use. People who reported liking rock music and attendees of rock festivals used drugs less frequently.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It was concluded that a more extended recreational environment, beyond dance clubs, is associated with frequent drug use. This stresses the importance of targeted prevention in various recreational venues tailored to the specific needs of the setting and its visitors.</p

Understanding the programmatic and contextual forces that influence participation in a government-sponsored international student-mobility program

Although prior research establishes the forces that “push” and “pull” students to participate in foreign study, the transferability of findings from earlier studies is limited by the absence of theoretical grounding. In addition, relatively little is known about how a government-sponsored student mobility program promotes foreign study in a nation with a transitioning economy. Using case study methods, this study explores the characteristics of students who participate in such a program and identifies the programmatic characteristics and contextual forces that promote and limit participation. The findings shed light on the appropriate theoretical perspectives for understanding student participation in a government-sponsored mobility program and illustrate the need to consider how aspects of the national cultural, economic, and political context influence participation. The findings also raise several questions about how an international student mobility program should be structured to encourage participation and maximize benefits to individuals and society within a particular national context

Drug use and nightlife: more than just dance music

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Research over the last decade has focused almost exclusively on the association between electronic music and MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or "ecstasy") or other stimulant drug use in clubs. Less attention has been given to other nightlife venues and music preferences, such as rock music or southern/funky music. This study aims to examine a broader spectrum of nightlife, beyond dance music. It looks at whether certain factors influence the frequency of illegal drug and alcohol use: the frequency of going to certain nightlife venues in the previous month (such as, pubs, clubs or goa parties); listening to rock music, dance music or southern and funky music; or sampling venues (such as, clubs, dance events or rock festivals). The question of how these nightlife variables influence the use of popular drugs like alcohol, MDMA, cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines is addressed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study sample consisted of 775 visitors of dance events, clubs and rock festivals in Belgium. Study participants answered a survey on patterns of going out, music preferences and drug use. Odds ratios were used to determine whether the odds of being an illegal substance user are higher for certain nightlife-related variables. Furthermore, five separate ordinal regression analyses were used to investigate drug use in relation to music preference, venues visited during the last month and sampling venue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Respondents who used illegal drugs were 2.5 times more likely to report that they prefer dance music. Goa party visitors were nearly 5 times more likely to use illegal drugs. For those who reported visiting clubs, the odds of using illegal drugs were nearly 2 times higher. Having gone to a pub in the last month was associated with both more frequent alcohol use and more frequent illegal substance use. People who reported liking rock music and attendees of rock festivals used drugs less frequently.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It was concluded that a more extended recreational environment, beyond dance clubs, is associated with frequent drug use. This stresses the importance of targeted prevention in various recreational venues tailored to the specific needs of the setting and its visitors.</p

Behavioral genomics of honeybee foraging and nest defense

The honeybee has been the most important insect species for study of social behavior. The recently released draft genomic sequence for the bee will accelerate honeybee behavioral genetics. Although we lack sufficient tools to manipulate this genome easily, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence natural variation in behavior have been identified and tested for their effects on correlated behavioral traits. We review what is known about the genetics and physiology of two behavioral traits in honeybees, foraging specialization (pollen versus nectar), and defensive behavior, and present evidence that map-based cloning of genes is more feasible in the bee than in other metazoans. We also present bioinformatic analyses of candidate genes within QTL confidence intervals (CIs). The high recombination rate of the bee made it possible to narrow the search to regions containing only 17–61 predicted peptides for each QTL, although CIs covered large genetic distances. Knowledge of correlated behavioral traits, comparative bioinformatics, and expression assays facilitated evaluation of candidate genes. An overrepresentation of genes involved in ovarian development and insulin-like signaling components within pollen foraging QTL regions suggests that an ancestral reproductive gene network was co-opted during the evolution of foraging specialization. The major QTL influencing defensive/aggressive behavior contains orthologs of genes involved in central nervous system activity and neurogenesis. Candidates at the other two defensive-behavior QTLs include modulators of sensory signaling (Am5HT(7) serotonin receptor, AmArr4 arrestin, and GABA-B-R1 receptor). These studies are the first step in linking natural variation in honeybee social behavior to the identification of underlying genes

A prevalência da doença inflamatória pélvica em usuária de dispositivos intrauterinos: uma revisão de bibliografia

A relação entre DIU (Dispositivo Intrauterino) e DIP (Doença Inflamatória Pélvica) é uma questão crucial na saúde reprodutiva das mulheres. O DIU é um método contraceptivo de longa duração e&nbsp; altamente eficaz na prevenção da gravidez. No entanto, a literatura possui&nbsp; certas divergências acerca da relação entre o&nbsp; DIU aumentar o número de DIP. Dessa forma, esse estudo tem por objetivo reunir os principais achados acerca do tema e elucidar os fatos. Nesse viés, essa revisão teve como metodologia realizar uma revisão de literatura nas principais bases de dados : Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico, foram utilizados os 13 artigos mais relevantes para a síntese do estudo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres que usam esse contraceptivo não desenvolve DIP, a incidência é rara. No entanto, alguns fatores de risco podem levar a predisposição, são eles: múltiplos parceiros sexuais, história prévia de infecções pélvicas, relações sexuais sem uso de preservativos. Logo, o estudo mostrou que o DIU é altamente eficaz para a contracepção e a sua relação com a DIP não é significativa, sendo altamente seguro para todas as mulheres em idade fértil