Методика поиска дефектных солнечных панелей в данных телеметрии электростанции на основе результатов работы цифрового двойника

Searching for faulty, and therefore operating in abnormal mode, solar panels at a power plant is an urgent task in the context of the development and growth of the share of solar energy in electricity generation. The research is aimed at developing and evaluating the effectiveness of a new methodology and software algorithm for searching for anomalies in the operation of solar panels based on the results of a digital twin created and trained using telemetry data from a solar power plant. The methodology is based on studies of deviations in power values at the point of maximum efficient operation of the solar panel, calculated by the digital twin, from the average statistical values for the power plant. Using the proposed methodology, over six months of direct observations, 16 anomalies in the operation of the solar panels of the power plant were discovered and confirmed. It has been established that when analyzing deviations of normalized power values at the maximum power point PN, it is possible to detect solar panels that have defects or operate with loss of efficiency.Поиск несправных, а значит, работающих в аномальном режиме солнечных панелей на электростанции является актуальной задачей в условиях развития и роста доли солнечной энергетики в выработке электроэнергии. Исследования нацелены на разработку и оценку результативности новой методики и программного алгоритма поиска аномалий в работе солнечных панелей на основе результатов работы цифрового двойника, созданного и обученного по данным телеметрии солнечной электростанции. Методика основана на исследованиях отклонений значений мощности в точке максимальной эффективной работы солнечной панели, рассчитанной цифровым двойником, от среднестатистических значений по электростанции. С применением предлагаемой методики за полгода прямых наблюдений обнаружены и подтверждены 16 аномалий в работе солнечных панелей электростанции. Установлено, что при анализе отклонений нормализованных значений мощностей в точке максимальной мощности PN возможно обнаружение солнечных панелей, которые имеют дефекты или работают с потерей эффективности

The taxonomy and anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic of Germany and Poland

The German Late Triassic archosaur Teratosaurus suevicus is a historically important taxon, being the first described rauisuchian. Unfortunately the holotype is a single element, a maxilla, which is poorly preserved and incomplete. We redescribe this maxilla and identify a single potential autapomorphy. The fragmentary type specimen complicates attempts to refer additional material to this taxon, and other unassociated archosaur and rauisuchian specimens from the Mittlerer Stubensandstein of Germany cannot be referred to T. suevicus with any degree of confidence. The stratigraphically older T. silesiacus, from the upper Carnian of Poland, is represented by a much more complete and better preserved specimen. Comparison of the maxillae of T. suevicus and T. silesiacus reveals that the two are distinct taxa, contra recent suggestions, but also that they do not share any synapomorphies or a unique combination of characters relative to Postosuchus kirkpatricki and other rauisuchians. Thus, the Polish material must be transferred to a new genus, Polonosuchus gen. nov. Both Polonosuchus and Teratosaurus are very similar to Postosuchus kirkpatricki, and the three taxa are likely closely related

Increases in sampling support the southern Gondwanan hypothesis for the origin of dinosaurs

Dinosaurs were ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems through most of the Mesozoic and are still diversely represented in the modern fauna in the form of birds. Recent efforts to better understand the origins of the group have resulted in the discovery of many new species of early dinosaurs and their closest relatives (dinosauromorphs). In addition, recent re-examinations of early dinosaur phylogeny have highlighted uncertainties regarding the interrelationships of the main dinosaur lineages (Sauropodomorpha, Theropoda and Ornithischia), and questioned the traditional hypothesis that the group originated in South Gondwana and gradually dispersed over Pangaea. Here, we use a historical approach to examine the impact of new fossil discoveries and changing phylogenetic hypotheses on biogeographic scenarios for dinosaur origins over 20 years of research time, and analyse the results in the light of different fossil record sampling regimes. Our results consistently optimize South Gondwana as the ancestral area for Dinosauria, as well as for more inclusive clades including Dinosauromorpha, and show that this hypothesis is robust to increased taxonomic and geographic sampling and divergent phylogenetic results. Our results do not find any support for the recently proposed Laurasian origin of dinosaurs and suggest that a southern Gondwanan origin is by far the most plausible given our current knowledge of the diversity of early dinosaurs and non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs

Reliability forecasting model planned to develop applied computer programs

Оценка надежности планируемых к разработке компьютерных программ является актуальной задачей. Для оценки надежности компьютерной программы надо располагать моделью прогнозирования надежности программы. В статье излагаются исходные предпосылки и положения, используемые для получения модели, и приводится сама модель прогнозирования надежности прикладных компьютерных программ. С помощью полученной модели можно решать практические задачи по оценке ожидаемой надежности компьютерных программ, планируемых к разработке, до написания кода программ на языках программирования

The apparatus composition and architecture of Erismodus quadridactylus and the implications for element homology in prioniodinin conodonts

The apparatus composition and architecture of prioniodinin conodonts is poorly understood, largely because few prioniodinin taxa are represented by articulated oral feeding apparatuses (natural assemblages) in the fossil record, but also due to the highly variable gradational morphology of their constituent elements that makes apparatus reconstruction problematic. We describe here a natural assemblage of Erismodus quadridactylus (Stauffer), a prioniodinin, from the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of North Dakota, USA. The assemblage demonstrates that the apparatus architecture of Erismodus is similar to those of late Palaeozoic prioniodinins namely, Kladognathus Rexroad and Hibbardella Bassler, but also has similarities with ozarkodinin apparatuses. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that E. quadridactylus shares topological similarities to balognathid architecture, with respect to the position of its inferred P elements. The apparatus composition and architecture presented here indicate that, at least with respect to the M–S array, an ‘ozarkodinin‐type’ bauplan is probably more widely representative across prioniodontids. The assemblage demonstrates that element morphotypes traditionally considered to lie within the S array are M elements, whereas others traditionally interpreted as P elements are found in the S array. These observations are used as a basis for refining concepts of element homology among prioniodinin conodonts and their closest relatives

LeukoCatch, a quick and efficient tool for the preparation of leukocyte extracts from blood

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Whole-protein extracts from peripheral blood leukocytes are ideal for basic and clinical research. However, lack of a simple preparation technique has limited the use of such extracts. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and easy system that can selectively obtain leukocyte extracts without hemoglobin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A filter that captures the leukocytes but not RBCs was set at the bottom of a 10-mL medical syringe by sandwiching it between plastic stoppers. The capturing efficiency of leukocytes with this tool, called LeukoCatch, was examined using human macrophage cells (MONO-MAC-6). The abilities of LeukoCatch system to capture the leukocyte proteins and to remove the hemoglobin from RBCs were tested by western blot analysis using human blood samples.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study presents the development of LeukoCatch, a novel tool that allows the preparation of leukocyte extracts from blood samples within 3 min without centrifugation. Tissue-cultured human macrophage cells were tested to determine the optimal filter numbers and pass-through frequencies of LeukoCatch, which was then applied to 2-mL blood samples. Samples were passed 2~5 times through a LeukoCatch equipped with 5 filters, washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline for red cell removal, and leukocyte proteins were extracted with 0.5 mL of elution buffer. Western blot analysis of the purified extract indicated that more than 90% of hemoglobin was removed by the LeukoCatch and that the protein recovery rate of leukocytes was at least 4 times better than that of the conventional centrifugation method.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that LeukoCatch is useful not only for diagnosis at the bedside but also for basic research using blood samples or tissue culture cells.</p

Classification of erythrocytes by the spectral estimates of their surfaces’ AFM-images

В статье проведен анализ, представлена тематика и раскрыт опыт проведения международных научно-практических конференций BIG DATA. Проведен анализ 27 конференций в России, Беларуси, США, Великобритании, Канаде, Литве, Финляндии, Испании, Швеции. The article analyzes, presents the subject and reveals the experience of international scientific and practical conferences BIG DATA. The analysis of 27 conferences in Russia, Belarus, USA, Great Britain, Canada, Lithuania, Finland, Spain, Sweden