ПРОБЛЕМНО БАЗИРАНО ОБУЧЕНИЕ В ПОДГОТОВКАТА НА МЕДИЦИНСКИ СЕСТРИ ЗА ФОРМИРАНЕ НА КРИТИЧНО МИСЛЕНЕ

Въведение. Уменията за критично мислене са основен компонент в образованието на медицински сестри. Проблемите на всеки пациент са уникални. Те са в резултат на физическото здраве, начин на живот, култура, връзка със семейството и приятелите, жизнена среда и други. Идентифицирането на проблемите на пациентите и вземането на индивидуално ориентирани решения за сестринска намеса са следствие на задълбочен анализ, критично мислене и клинични разсъждения.Проблемно-ориентираните подходи, за преподаване и обучение на медицински сестри, развиват умения за критично мислене като акцентират на прилагането на придобитите клинични знания към реални клинични проблеми.Цел: Тази статия се фокусира върху образователния резултат на проблемно базирано обучение на медицински сестри за формирането на критично мислене и решаването на клинични проблеми.Материал и методи: За събиране на информация са използвани български и чуждестранни литературни източници и публикации, индексирани в следните бази данни: Medline, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley online, както и сайтовете на Международния съвет на сестрите и други.Заключение: Анализът на достъпната литература доказва, че проблемно базираното обучение в професионалната подготовка на медицински сестри е най-ефективният начин за разширяване на уменията за критично мислене, стратегия за оптимизиране на обучението им за прилагане наефективни, безопасни, компетентни и иновативни сестрински грижи

Selective coronary angiogrphy: care for patients during the preparation for and after the procedure

Introduction: Selective coronary angiography is a highly specialized diagnostic test, which provides accurate information about potential stenosis and/or occlusion of coronary arteries, as well as about pathologic alterations of heart chambers and valves. Cardiovascular diseases are a key factor for high mortality and disability in Bulgaria and globally. Fast and accurate diagnosis is critical for patients with cardiac symptoms, such as chest pain. Nurses working in cardiology units must have specific knowledge and professional skills in providing quality care, in order to lower the risk for complications.Aim: To describe the main activities nurses accomplish when preparing patients for selective coronary angiography, and during recovery after the procedure.Materials and methods: Research based on invasive cardiology literature, official medical information and legal documentation. Targeted observation and surveillance of the activities of healthcare specialists in a cardiology unit.Results and considerations: Providing student nurses with a technical checklist card related to activities before and after selective coronary angiography would help them expand their knowledge and professional skills

History of medical education in the town of Sliven

Въведение: В исторически аспект съвременното сестринско образование в град Сливен бележи своето начало през 1963 г. с откриването на Техникум за медицински сестри като филиал на Медицинския техникум в град Стара Загора.Методи: Анализ на документи.Материали: От тогава до закриването му през 2008 г. статутът на учебното заведение търпи редица промени, свързани с реформата в здравеопазването, с изисквания на Закона за висшето образование и с реалните потребности от кадри в съответното професионално направление. През 2013 г. с решение на 41-то Народно събрание на Република България е открит Филиал Сливен, като част от структурата на Медицински университет „Проф. д-р Параскев Стоянов` - Варна, с предмет на дейност - обучение на студенти по специалностите от регулираните професии „Медицинска сестра` и „Акушерка` от професионално направление „Здравни грижи`.Заключение: Обучението и преподаването в настоящия Филиал Сливен на Медицински университет - Варна, отговаря на европейските и световни стандарти в областта на здравните грижи и висшето образование. В доклада се проследява зараждането и развитието на медицинското образование в град Сливен.Historically, modern nursing education in Sliven marks its beginning in 1963, with the opening of the Nursing School as an affiliate of the medical school in Stara Zagora. Since then, until its closure in 2008, the status of the school has undergone a number of changes related to the healthcare reform, the requirements of the Higher Education Act and the actual needs for staff in the professional field. In 2013, with a decision of the 41st National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria, the Sliven Affiliate was established by the Medical University of Varna, with the aim of training students in nursing and midwifery. Teaching at the present Sliven Affiliate meets the European and world standards in the field of healthcare and higher education. The report tracks the origin and development of medical education in the town of Sliven

The Methodology of Training in Health Care - a Condition and Factor for Successful Implementation of Patient Safety in the Application of Medical Care

INTRODUCTION: Higher education in school is a purposeful process of interaction between teachers and students. There are trained specialists suited to carry out professional activities and provide quality and safe health care for people. The methodology of training in health care offers safe, effective, individual, efficient, timely and equitable care.AIM: The aim of the scientific report is to reveal and outline the organizational pedagogical conditions and the effectiveness of the methodology for the successful implementation of patient safety efforts in medical care. Patient safety is focused on the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies students need to work efficiently in the field of health care.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of the study is to reveal the role of methodology in the application of safe patient care; to investigate the effectiveness and its importance in patient safety; to establish the level of satisfaction with the application of safe patient care. The methods used during the research were: programmed interview with a survey and a pedagogical experiment. The subject of the research were students from the Nurse program, educators in health care, medical professionals, and patients. The object of the research were the process and the conditions under which the methodology was provided, a factor for successful implementation of patient safety when caring for patients.RESULTS: The analysis of the results allowed to conclude that the teaching methodology in health care:• is an important condition and factor in the successful implementation of patient safety (100%);• maintains, improves and enhances the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies of health professionals(98%);• is a key to addressing the needs of patients (89%);• satisfies the requirements of medical professionals to provide safe care for patients and their personal training (100%).CONCLUSION: The methodology of training in health care is a condition and factor for success in providing safe and high quality care for patients

Practical Preventive Approaches In Occupational Blood-Borne Infections

IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the education of medical specialists should place the focus on safety at work and safe patient care as the key factor in shaping general medical education and subsequently enhancing the competence of each applicable medical specialty.AimThe aim of this article is to present standardized and rational management of the occupational risk of blood-borne infections, hepatitis B, C, and AIDS, by developing practical approaches to prevention.Results and DiscussionWe developed a Programme for the Prevention of the Risk of Occupational Blood-Borne Viral Infections and a Model for Occupational Risk and Prevention of Occupational Blood-Borne Viral Infections, Hepatitis B, C, and AIDS.The Programme focuses primarily on the organizational sources of occupational risk and the institutional culture of safety. The implementation of the program will stimulate the creation of a favorable organizational environment to prevent and limit the risk of occupational contamination with blood-borne infections.The Model contains all necessary standard practical steps to prevent the occupational risk of blood-borne viral infections. It is developed in the form of a graphical tool. Its application is aimed at nurses and students.ConclusionThe implementation of the proposed set of practical approaches will contribute to raising the level of occupational safety of students and nurses, and to achieving optimal protection from occupational blood-borne viral infections

Study of the Need for Specific Training of Patients in the Management of a Colostomy

IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with rectal carcinoma. In a large percentage of cases, the treatment is operative by colostomy, which may be permanent or temporary. This leads to a number of changes in the patients' daily life, lifestyle, work capacity, and psycho-emotional state. The quality of life and adaptation of these patients are largely determined by specific training and awareness of the management of colostomy.AimThe purpose of this study is to identify the need for specific patient training in the management of a colostomy.Results and DiscussionA survey conducted amongst colostomy patients in the surgical wards of two of the multiprofile hospitals on the territory of Sliven for the period May - September 2018 found that a higher share was attributable to men – 73.33%. The age limit is high - the youngest of the respondents is 21 years old and the oldest is 82 years old. Most of the patients surveyed (80%) cannot serve themselves. The patients' specific needs are mainly related to the need for additional information on choosing the right consumables and practical training (33.34%); psychological support (46.66%), and assistant (26.68%).ConclusionFurther specific, theoretical and practical training of patients with colostomy is needed

Risk of future nurses occupationally contracting blood-borne infections, and standard safety measures

Introduction: Nurses are exposed to a high risk of acquiring blood-borne infections - HBV, HCV and HIV, during their occupational healthcare activities. Future nurses (nursing care students), and their active participation in providing care to patients during their clinical practice, run just as high risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne infections.Aim: The aim of this study is to examine and analyze how informed future nurses are of, both, the risk of contracting blood-borne infections, and compliance with the standard safety measures of the practical training facilities.Resources and methods: Research of literature and legal documentation. Individual anonymous survey with nursing care students, containing 16 questions. Processing and analysis of the gathered data.Results and considerations: There are significant discrepancies between students` behavior and knowledge, and their attitude towards their own safety. A large proportion have had needle-stick, or other medical sharp instruments, injuries during their practical training. Despite their high self-evaluation of the acquired prevention knowledge and skills, there seems to be no well-developed attitude and behavior towards using personal protective equipment. It is necessary to organize training seminars for safe injection practices and risk prevention of occupationally contracting blood-borne infections

Prevention of blood-borne infections among nurses at Dr. Ivan Seliminski hospital, Sliven

INTRODUCTION: The occupational activities of nurses entail a daily exposure to infectious and non-infec­tious factors that can affect their health. Blood-transmitted pathogens caused by occupational exposure pose the most serious threat. Prevention strategies include vaccinations and universal precaution measures.AIM: The aim of this study is to assess vaccinations and other precautionary measures against blood-borne in­fections: HBV, HCV, HIV, and the attitude towards those among nurses at Dr. Ivan Seliminski Hospital, Sliven.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an individual anonymous survey among 55 nurses working in dif­ferent wards of the Hospital.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A large number of nurses at the hospital have had an HBV immunisation (69%). A significant proportion have also had serologic status testing for HCV and HIV (58%). Most nurses in­dicated they have had immunisation and testing as a precautionary measure

The practical classes for the preparation of healthcare professionals

Introduction: The processes of globalization are becoming an important problem for the quality of training of healthcare professionals in universities. University teaching has an important social task: to train specialists capable of performing superior professional activity. Practical classes define the objectives of teaching and the formation of professional skills students would need for their career. Teaching activity is a major factor for the development of future health professionals.Purpose: The aim of the study is to reveal and outline the organizational pedagogical background and the effectiveness of practical classes for the development of healthcare professionals at university level. Tasks are to reveal the role of practical classes; to investigate their effectiveness and importance in the preparation of students; to assess the level of satisfaction.Material and methods: The study includes student nurses of Sliven Affiliate, Varna Medical University. The object of research is the process and conditions in which the practical classes held in the high school create the healthcare professional. The following methods were used: survey, programmed interview, observation and pedagogical experiment.Results and Discussion: The analysis of our results allowes to draw a conclusion about the role and place of practical classes in the preparation of healthcare professionals. They are the main forms of organization and management of the educational process (100%). They provide active and planned educational activity (98%), contribute to the formation of professional knowledge, skills and competences (97%), and of personal qualities necessary for the future professional activity (99%)

Needlestick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis among nurses at Dr. Ivan Seliminski hospital - Sliven

INTRODUCTION: The risk of needlestick or other medical sharp instrument-induced injuries is one the most common risks among nurses. These injuries are dangerous when it comes to transmitting life-threatening blood-borne infections, including HBV, HCV and HIV. Most commonly, the risk factors are related to the oc­cupational work technique and practices, as well as the use of personal protective equipment, health and safety protocols at the work place, introducing safe medical equipment and timely post-exposure prophylaxis.AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of sharp injuries, to analyse the most common reasons for those injuries and to analyse how well nurses at Dr. Ivan Seliminski Hospital are informed about post-ex­posure measures in order to increase occupational safety.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an individual anonymous survey with 55 nurses working in different wards of the Hospital.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Needlestick injuries are most commonly inflicted after injections, in emergen­cy situations, and due to deficient health and safety protocols at the work place. Occupational exposure inci­dents are rarely reported so it is difficult to register them