65/Detektory MOSFET jako narzędzie do weryfikowania dawek terapeutycznych wiązek elektronów w radioterapii

CelZastosowanie detektorów MOSFET (Metal – Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) do pomiaru dawki in vivo wiązek elektronów w radioterapii.Metody i materiałyWykonano pomiary fantomowe polegające na zbadaniu zależności wskazań detektorów MOSFET od: – wartości dawki wiązek elektronów, – temperatury otoczenia detektorów, – kierunku padania wiązki elektronów na detektor, – wielkości napromienianego pola.Zbadano także zmianę czułości detektorów w zależności od skumulowanej dawki. Detektory, ze względu na bardzo małe wymiary, umieszczano w odpowiednio zaprojektowanych nakładkach aluminiowych – w celu zapewnienia równowagi elektronowej podczas pomiaru dawki. Wskazania detektorów porównywano do wskazańkomory jonizacyjnej typu Markus, posiadającej świadectwowzorcowania. Pomiary wykonano z użyciem wiązek elektronów o energii 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,21 MeV.WynikiZbadane zależności i określone na ich podstawie współczynniki korekcyjne umożliwiają zmierzyć dawkę wiązki elektronów z dokładnością ±2.5%.WniosekDetektory MOSFET są dobrym narzędziemdo weryfikowania dawki wejściowej w radioterapii wiązkami elektronów

75. Validity of accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiation therapy and monitoring of treatment results in patients with advanced NSCLC. Assessment of tolerance and early failure

AimThe assessment of the early failure and toxicity of treatment for the advanced NSCLC using the accelerated hyperfractional conformal irradiationMaterial13 patients (12 men, 1woman, aged 50 – 74), in good performance status/70–90 points of Karnofsky scale/were treated.Patients have been irradiated with 15 MV or 6 MV photon two times a day with 6 hours break using 1.25 Gy fraction to total dose 50 Gy. PTV ranged from 599 to 1104 cm3 (mean 858 cm3).MethodsThe mean tumor dimension before and 6 weeks after finishing treatment with the use of CT have been assessed.Results3 early failure have been observed, all outside of PTV. The 2/3 of that recurrence have been recognized by CT. These patients have been ordered to chemotherapy. The mean tumor dimension was equal to 2,38 cm 6 weeks after finishing of treatment. This means 44% regression of the mean tumor dimension. No side effects and deteriorations of performance status have been observed.All patients have finished the treatment, all are in follow up, alive.ConclusionsThe accelerated hyperfractioned regimen can be carried out in outpatients service if PTV is smaller than 1000 cm3.Observed early recurrence two months of follow up are connected with a progression of a tumor outside of irradiated volume

6. The technique of total body irradiation applied in the St. Leszczyński Memorial Hospital in Katowice

At the St. Leszczyński Memorial Hospital in Katowice a modification of TBI technique was prepared. For this a special two variant of body frame – one for treatment planning and an another one for treatment delivery – was made. The total dose of 12 – 15 Gy (in lung not more than 9 Gy) was delivered in six fraction of 15 MV photons, produced in Primus linear accelerator, for 3 consecutive days. Patient was treated by a combination of fields: lateral – set at SSD of 330 cm and AP/PA – set at 135 cm. The dose-rate measured at 10 cm in a water phantom for lateral fields was 4,3 cGy/min., and for AP/PA fields 23,6 cGy/min. Lung shields were made from wood alloy and their shape was carried out from computerized tomograph scans (CT). For each patient a set of computerized tomograph scans was prepared. Patient during the CT was laying in supine position in the body frame made of 1 cm thick plexi plates. On the walls of that body frame a special marks of tin material were inserted. These marks allow to reproduce both – the same patient position during the irradiation and also in the treatment planning system HELAX. Position of shields before AP/PA fraction was determined by means of HELAX, and then shields were fastened to plexi trays inserted in the head of Primus. Lung was also shielded during one lateral fraction and the shape of the shield was carried out on a simulator. The volume between the patient and walls of the body frame was fulfilled by bolus (bags with rice) to get a homogenous dose distribution. The electron boost to the thorax wall (shielded for 15 MV photons) was delivered with a 6 or 9 MeV electron beam.The percentage deviation of dose, for all 9 irradiated patients, calculated at ten anatomical points representative of the body anatomy, was in the limit −0,4% to +13% (excluded in lung) from the dose delivered to PC (reference point: 1/2 AP and 1/2 lateral dimension at 1/2 of patient length in irradiation position). The in vivo measurements carried out by means of MOSFET detectors confirmed that accuracy

Syntheses and analytical characterizations of the research chemical 1-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-phenylethyl]pyrrolidine (fluorolintane) and five of its isomers

A number of substances based on the 1,2-diarylethylamine template have been investigated for various potential clinical applications whereas others have been encountered as research chemicals sold for non-medical use. Some of these substances have transpired to function as NMDA receptor antagonists that elicit dissociative effects in people who use these substances recreationally. 1-[1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-phenylethyl]pyrrolidine (fluorolintane, 2-F-DPPy) has recently appeared as a research chemical, which users report has dissociative effects. One common difficulty encountered by stakeholders confronting the appearance of new psychoactive substances is the presence of positional isomers. In the case of fluorolintane, the presence of the fluorine substituent on either the phenyl and benzyl moieties of the 1,2-diarylethylamine structure results in a total number of six possible racemic isomers, namely 2-F-, 3-F-, and 4-F-DPPy (phenyl ring substituents) and 2’’-F-, 3’’-F-, and 4’’-F-DPPy (benzyl ring substituents). The present study reports the chemical syntheses and comprehensive analytical characterizations of the two sets of three positional isomers. These studies included various low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms, gas- and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and GC-condensed phase and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyses. The differentiation between each set of three isomers was possible under a variety of experimental conditions including GC chemical ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the [M + H – HF]+ species. The latter MS method was particularly helpful as it revealed distinct formation of product ions for each of the six investigated substances

Total hemoglobin mass, aerobic capacity, and hbb gene in polish road cyclists

The relationship between genes, amount of hemoglobin, and physical performance are still not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between-551C/T and intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms in the beta hemoglobin (HBB) gene and total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and aerobic capacity in endurance athletes. Total hemoglobin mass and aerobic capacity indices, i. e.,VO2max, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2AT), maximal power output (Pmax), and power at anaerobic threshold (PAT) were determined in 89 young road cyclists, female (n = 39) and male (n = 50), who were genotyped for 2 polymorphisms in the HBB gene. The relative values of aerobic capacity indices differed significantly among intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms of the HBB gene only in female cyclists; athletes with GG genotype had significantly higher values of V O2max (p = 0.003), VO2AT (p = 0.007), PAT (p = 0.015), and Pmax (p = 0.004) than C carriers. No relationships were found between the C-carrier model (CC + CG vs. GG in the case of intron 2, +16 C/G and CC + CT vs. TT for -551 C/T polymorphisms of the HBB gene) and relative values of tHbmass. Our results demonstrated that the HBB gene could be related to aerobic capacity, but it seems that it does not result from an increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood

Comorbid mental disorders in substance users from a single catchment area - a clinical study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The optimal treatment of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) requires an awareness of their comorbid mental disorders and vice versa. The prevalence of comorbidity in first-time-admitted SUD patients has been insufficiently studied. Diagnosing comorbidity in substance users is complicated by symptom overlap, symptom fluctuations, and the limitations of the assessment methods. The aim of this study was to diagnose all mental disorders in substance users living in a single catchment area, without any history of treatment for addiction or psychiatric disorders, admitted consecutively to the specialist health services. The prevalence of substance-induced versus substance-independent disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), in SUD patients will be described.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>First-time consecutively admitted patients from a single catchment area, aged 16 years or older, admitted to addiction clinics or departments of psychiatry as outpatients or inpatients will be screened for substance-related problems using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test. All patients with scores above the cutoff value will be asked to participate in the study. The patients included will be diagnosed for SUD and other axis I disorders by a psychiatrist using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders. This interview was designed for the diagnosis of primary and substance-induced disorders in substance users. Personality disorders will be assessed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and the Angst Hypomania Check List will be used for additional diagnostic assessments. The sociodemographic data will be recorded with the Stanley Foundation's Network Entry Questionnaire. Biochemical assessments will reveal somatic diseases that may contribute to the patient's symptoms.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study is unique because the material represents a complete sample of first-time-admitted treatment seekers with SUD from a single catchment area. Earlier studies have not focused on first-time-admitted patients, so chronically ill patients, may have been overrepresented in those samples. This study will contribute new knowledge about mental disorders in first-time-admitted SUD patients.</p

Estimation of selected bioelements content in vegetables

Oznaczono zawartość wapnia, fosforu, żelaza, cynku i miedzi w 30 różnych gatunkach świeżych warzyw ogólnie dostępnych w sprzedaży. Pierwiastki oznaczono, po uprzedniej mineralizacji na sucho, metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej z atomizacją płomieniową (FAAS). Fosfor oznaczono metodą kolorymetryczną z odczynnikiem żelazowo-molibdenowym. Poprawność zastosowanej metodyki sprawdzono na podstawie analizy certyfikowanych materiałów odniesienia. Zawartość analizowanych pierwiastków (mg/100 g) w warzywach była następująca: 2,57 - 165 dla Ca; 22,1 - 95,4 dla P; 0,07 - 0,82 dla Zn; 0,01 - 0,16 dla Cu i 0,27 - 3,31 dla Fe. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników dokonano oceny realizacji dziennego zapotrzebowania na poszczególne składniki mineralne w stosunku do zalecanych norm dla osoby dorosłej.Concentrations of Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Cu were determined in 30 different kinds of fresh vegetables available in sale. The contents of chemical elements (except phosphorus) were analysed, after dry mineralization, by flame atomic absorption spectrometry - AAS with deuterium background correction. The phosphorus was determined in the form of phosphormolybdate blue by spectrophotometric method. Reliability of the procedure was checked by the analysis of certified reference materials. The average contents (mg/100 g) of minerals in vegetables were as follows: 2.57 - 165 for Ca; 22.1 - 95.4 for P; 0.07 - 0.82 for Zn; 0.01 - 0.16 for Cu and 0.27 - 3.31 for Fe. These measurements allowed to estimate the realisation of the recommended daily intake of bioelements with the analysed vegetables for an adult person

Thermal and epithermal neutrons in the vicinity of the Primus Siemens biomedical accelerator

In this paper, the thermal and epithermal neutron fluence distributions in the vicinity of the Primus Siemens accelerator are presented. The measurements were carried out by the use of the neutron activation method for 15 MV X-rays and electron beams of 18 MeV and 21 MeV. From the radiation safety point of view for the hospital personnel, it is important to know the thermal and epithermal neutron fluence distribution in the vicinity of the accelerator because the neutrons interacting with atoms of a medium by various processes induce the activity of objects (accelerator, other apparatus etc.) and walls in the treatment room. The thermal and epithermal neutron capture, particularly, in high atomic number materials of the accelerator head can be a significant source of gamma radiation and it has to be taken into account for estimation of the work safety of the personnel. Values of the neutron fluence were normalized to the maximum photon (or electron) dose Dmax,gamma (e) measured at the central axis of therapeutic X-ray (or electron) beam in a water phantom. The thermal neutron fluences measured during the 15 MV X-ray emission varied between 1.1 × 10 5 n ź cm 2ź Gy -1 and 4.4 × 10 5 n ź cm -2ź Gy 1 whereas the epithermal neutron fluences ranged from 0.2 × 10 5 n ź cm 2ź Gy- 1 to 1.8 × 105 n ź cm -2ź Gy -1. In the case of electron beams, the neutron fluence measurements were performed only at the isocentre. The obtained thermal and epithermal neutron fluences were 1.2 × 10 4 n ź cm -2ź Gy -1 and 0.6 × 10 4 n ź cm -2ź Gy -1, respectively, for the 18 MeV electrons. In the the case of the 21 MeV electron beams the thermal neutron fluence was -2.0 × 10 4 n ź cm -2ź Gy -1 whereas the epithermal neutron fluence was 0.8 × 10 4 n ź cm -2ź Gy-1