Comet and Meteorite Traditions of Aboriginal Australians

Of the hundreds of distinct Aboriginal cultures of Australia, many have oral traditions rich in descriptions and explanations of comets, meteors, meteorites, airbursts, impact events, and impact craters. These views generally attribute these phenomena to spirits, death, and bad omens. There are also many traditions that describe the formation of meteorite craters as well as impact events that are not known to Western science.Comment: Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 2014. Edited by Helaine Selin. Springer Netherland

Industrialism and the fragmentation of temporal structure

Industrialism's assimilation of the natural world has developed over centuries through complex hierarchies of effects involving ecological, cultural and psychological dimensions. One of the consequences of this assimilation, I argue, is the fragmentation of the temporal structure of the world, and its replacement by a short-term logic that also infects human subjectivity. Because of this fragmentation, the healing of the natural world cannot be realised either simply or directly, and effective action will require us to locate our immediate objectives within a recovered longer-term vision of a healthy natural world

Depression and the natural world: towards a critical ecology of psychological distress

Researchers have struggled to explain the dramatic increase in diagnoses of ‘depression’ in the industrialised world. This paper argues that psychological distress is likely to arise within an ecological context that is becoming increasingly degraded, and in which the character of selfhood is being redefined to fit an industrialised context. In turn, these redefinitions of selfhood reduce our capacity to address ecological concerns. I argue that it is only possible to recognise the connections between human well-being and ecological health if we identify and challenge the dissociations and repressions on which the ‘business as usual’ of industrial society depends, and that a more embodied conception of the person is fundamental to this recovery of our wholeness. More specifically, I argue that our current reliance on cognition and our corresponding marginalisation of sensing and feeling, in addition to undermining human well-being, may be ecologically catastrophic

Signatures of hermitian forms and the Knebusch Trace Formula

Signatures of quadratic forms have been generalized to hermitian forms over algebras with involution. In the literature this is done via Morita theory, which causes sign ambiguities in certain cases. In this paper, a hermitian version of the Knebusch Trace Formula is established and used as a main tool to resolve these ambiguities. The last page is an erratum for the published version. We inadvertently (I) gave an incorrect definition of adjoint involutions; (II) omitted dealing with the case $(H\times H, \widehat{\phantom{m}}\,)$. As $W(H\times H, \widehat{\phantom{m}}\,)= W(R\times R, \widehat{\phantom{m}}\,)=0$, the omission does not affect our reasoning or our results. For the sake of completeness we point out where some small changes should be made in the published version.Comment: This is the final version before publication. The last page is an updated erratum for the published versio

Response of rat tracheal epithelium to ozone and oxygen exposure in vitro.

Although ozone-induced epithelial injury in vivo has been morphologically characterized, effects of gaseous oxidants on respiratory epithelium in organ culture, where tissue organization is maintained but systemic influences are eliminated, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we exposed tracheal organ cultures from rats to 95% oxygen and 1 ppm ozone, alone and in combination, to determine (1) whether epithelial responses to ozone similar to those observed in vivo occur in airways separated from systemic physiologic, secretory, and inflammatory reactions; (2) whether concentrations of oxygen sufficient to potentially cause oxidant injury result in morphologic epithelial alterations similar to those that occur in ozone toxicity; and (3) if the combined oxidant insult of oxygen and ozone results in more severe damage to the tracheal epithelium than occurs with ozone in air. Tracheal organ cultures were exposed to filtered air and 5% carbon dioxide; filtered air, 5% carbon dioxide, and 1 ppm ozone; 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide; or 95% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide, and 1 ppm ozone for 96 hr. Light- and quantitative electron-microscopic evaluation showed that epithelia exposed to 1 ppm ozone in air exhibited loss of ciliated cells and ciliated cell damage. The epithelia exposed to 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide were pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated, and hyperplastic. Epithelia exposed to 95% oxygen plus 1 ppm ozone were stratified and nonciliated or very sparsely ciliated. The predominant cell types in epithelia exposed to oxygen plus ozone were serous cells and metaplastic cells, and focal aggregates of adherent necrotic cells were present. We conclude that there was a synergism between oxygen and ozone exposure leading to enhanced epithelial injury and metaplasia

A trajectory mechanics approach for the study of wave propagation in an anisotropic elastic medium

We derive equations describing the path and traveltime of a coherent elastic wave propagating in an anisotropic medium, generalizing expressions from conventional high-frequency asymptotic ray theory. The methodology is valid across a broad range of frequencies and allows for subwavelength variations in the material properties of the medium. The primary difference from current ray methods is the retention of a term that is neglected in the derivation of the eikonal equation. The additional term contains spatial derivatives of the properties of the medium and of the amplitude field, and its presence couples the equations governing the evolution of the amplitude and phase along the trajectory. The magnitude of this term provides a measure of the validity of expressions based upon high-frequency asymptotic methods, such as the eikonal equation, when modelling wave propagation dominated by a band of frequencies. In calculations involving a layer with gradational boundaries, we find that asymptotic estimates do deviate from those of our frequency-dependent approach when the width of the layer boundaries become sufficiently narrow. For example, for a layer with boundaries that vary over tens of meters, the term neglected by a high-frequency asymptotic approximation is significant for frequencies around 10 Hz. The visible differences in the paths of the rays that traverse the layer substantiate this conclusion. For a velocity model derived from an observed well log, the majority of the trajectories calculated using the extended approach, accounting for the frequency-dependence of the rays, are noticeably different from those produced by the eikonal equation. A suite of paths from a source to a specified receiver, calculated for a range of frequencies between 10 and 100 Hz, define a region of sensitivity to velocity variations and may be used for an augmented form of tomographic imaging