Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

The effect of refinery pollution on non-enzymatic foliar defense mechanisms in four evergreen plant species in Turkey

In order to assess the impact of SO2, CO2, NO x , and CO on non-enzymatic foliar defense mechanism around oil refineries, the present study was undertaken in Batman, Turkey during the periods February-April-June 2002. For this purpose, the four common evergreen plants at all sites, Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Halmboe, Ligustrum vulgare L., Thuja orientalis L., and Nerium oleander L. were selected as test plants. Four study sites were selected at the Batman Refinery area (AR). Four control sites were also selected at a distance of about 5 km from the refinery (OR). Responses to oil refinery pollution of plants, heavy metals, chlorophyll (chl), proline, carotenoids, lipid peroxidation, SH-compounds, and ascorbic acid were measured. In addition, ambient pollutant gas concentrations were measured. The pollutant gas concentrations were high in the immediate vicinity of oil refinery. The levels of total chl, SH-compounds, ascorbic acid, and chla/chlb ratio were found to decrease, and the amount of proline, carotenoids, lipid peroxidation, and reduced ascorbate/oxidized ascorbate ratio were found to increase in comparison to plants growing at the control sites. A comparison of four evergreen plant species indicated that L. vulgare was the most resistance to refinery induced air pollution and the magnitude of foliar injury symptoms was greatest in P. nigra and T. orientalis. © 2006 Polish Academy of Sciences.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: FBE2002YL217Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Cukurova University (Project no: FBE2002YL217)

Metaphorical conceptualization of family relationship: religious model

The article deals with the metaphorical conceptualization peculiarities of family relationship through the example of religious model. Research is led on the basis of electronically stored text corpora in Russian and Turkish languages. Metaphorical contexts are analysed according to the cognitive theory of metaphor using semantical criteria.В настоящей статье исследуются особенности метафорической концептуализации семейных отношений на примере религиозной модели. Анализ проводится на материале русских и турецких корпусных данных. Метафорические контексты анализируются согласно положениям когнитивной теории метафоры с учетом семантических критериев

Metaphorical representation of adulterous relationship in Russian and Turkish linguistic world-image

The article focuses on the metaphorical conceptualization peculiarities of adulterous relationship on the basis of electronic Russian and Turkish text corpuses including texts of different genres and styles written during the period of 1990–2000. Мetaphorical contexts are selected and analyzed according to the cognitive theory of metaphor. Analysis made into the connotations of metaphorical word usage shows a view of correlation between norm and anti-norm in Russian and Turkish linguistic world-image in reference to the phenomenon in question and confirms a particular importance of the category of honor for Turkish culture. The article examines marriage partners’ deviant behaviour through individual metaphors created by the authors as well as traditional metaphorical symbols 377 with ambiguous connotations (zoomorphic, spatial, criminal, fabled and others). Data provided by the Russian text corpus allowed calculating the gender correlations in metaphorical representations of adulterer. A special attention is given to the concept of civil marriage as one of the manifestations of extra-marital relations before official marriage or without it. This notion is missing in the Turkish text corpus. General tendency of its utilization in Russian corpus shows that it is considered to be the synonym of normal marriage or its preparatory stage.В статье рассмотрены особенности метафорической концептуализации внебрачной связи на материале русского и турецкого электронных текстовых корпусов, имеющих в своем составе тексты различных стилей и жанров, написанные в период с 1900 по 2000 годы. Метафорические контексты отобраны и проанализированы согласно когнитивной теории метафоры. Проведенный анализ коннотаций метафорических словоупотреблений дает представление о соотношении нормы и антинормы в русской и турецкой языковых картинах мира по отношению к рассматриваемому феномену и подтверждает особую значимость для турецкой культуры категории чести. Рассмотрены как индивидуально-авторские метафоры деви- антного поведения супругов, так и традиционные образы-символы (зооморфные, пространственные, криминальные, сказочные и др.), обладающие неоднозначными коннотациями. Данные русского текстового корпуса позволили просчитать гендерное соотношение в метафорическом представлении неверного супруга. Отдельное внимание уделяется понятию гражданского брака как одному из проявлений внебрачной связи до официального заключения брака или без него. Отмечается отсутствие этого понятия в турецком корпусе, а также общая тенденция его употребления в русском корпусе, которая позволяет считать его синонимом обычного брака или подготовительным этапом к нему

Reduplication in Russian and Chinese: to the problem definition

The article is devoted to analysis of reduplication phenomenon in its specificity in Russian and Chinese. The authors define the main problems concerned with its studying including the availability of narrow and broad understanding of the phenomenon. Principal structural types of reduplication are examined as far as its functions.Статья посвящена исследованию специфики феномена редупликации в русском и китайском языках. Авторы определяют основные проблемы, связанные с его изучением, включая наличие как узкого, так и широкого его понимания. Рассмотрены основные структурные типы редупликации и ее функции

A density functional theory study of propylene epoxidation on RuO2(110) surface

Propylene epoxidation is investigated on RuO2(110) and oxygen added RuO2-O-ot(110) surfaces by periodic DFT computational method. The desired product propylene oxide (PO) as well as the undesired products acetone (AC) or propionaldehyde (PA) form on both surfaces through either surface intermediate oxometallopropylene (OMMP) or direct oxygen insertion mechanisms. On RuO2(110) surface, nucleophilic lattice oxygen at bridge position (O-br) favors the stable surface intermediate mechanism where high energy requirements for forward reactions are demonstrated in our calculations. On RuO2-O-ot(110) surface, however, higher reactivity of the electrophilic oxygen (Oot) species lowers the reaction barriers and enables an exothermic reaction path to the direct oxygen insertion for PO production. Therefore, RuO2-Oot surface is expected to show a higher PO rate. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V

Communication-oriented tasks as a tool of teaching business Russian for foreigners

The article examines the concepts of teaching task and exercise in the context of communication-oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language. According to the conception of communicative foreign-language education, suggested by E.I Passov, in teaching business Russian for foreigners are defined the main requirements to the communication-oriented tasks.В статье рассматриваются понятия учебного задания и упражнения в контексте коммуникативно-ориентированного обучения русскому языку как иностранному. В соответствии с концепцией коммуникативного иноязычного образования Е. И. Пассова, формулируются основные требования к коммуникативно-ориентированным заданиям по деловому русскому языку

Global spatiotemporal consistency between meteorological and soil moisture drought indices

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