Comparison postharvest quality of conventionally and organically grown ‘Washington Navel’ oranges

This study aimed to compare postharvest quality of conventionally and organically grown ‘Washington Navel’ oranges. Oranges from the conventional and certified organic citrus orchards were harvested at commercial maturity and kept at 4°C for 5 months. Changes in weight loss, juice percentage, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solid (TSS), sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic and ascorbic acid) content and incidence of fungal decay and chilling injury were determined at a month interval during storage. Conventionally grown oranges had lower weight loss and higher juice percentage than organically grown oranges during storage. Rind color (L*, C*, hº), TSS, sugar (fructose, glucose and sucrose) and malic acid content were not affected by the production systems at harvest and during storage. In both conventionally and organically grown oranges, rind color become darker (lower L*), more intense (higher C*) and deeper orange color (lower hº) while malic acid content remained constant during 5 months of storage. As storage time extended, a significant increase in TSS and sugar content and a decrease TA and citric acid content occurred in fruits from both production system. Compared to conventionally grown oranges, organically grown oranges had lower TA and citric acid, but better taste scores since they attained higher TSS/TA ratio at harvest and during storage. The taste of conventionally and organically grown oranges was rated as an acceptable throughout the storage period. Although there was no significant difference in  ascorbic acid content of fruits between two production systems at harvest, lower ascorbic acid content was found in organically grown oranges, compared to conventionally grown oranges during storage. Incidence of fungal decay was low in conventionally and organically grown oranges after 5 months of storage and the production system did not affect the sensitivity to fungal decay. Chilling injury was not observed any of fruits from both production systems throughout storage period

Of Bastions and Bulwarks: A Multi-Scalar Understanding of Local Bordering Practices in Europe

In recent years, local authorities in Europe have increasingly developed bordering practices that hinder or further migrant rights, such as the freedom of movement. They bypass national borders by facilitating refugee resettlement, they claim local space to welcome or shun certain migrants, and they develop or break down local impediments to migrant mobility. These local practices, we argue, can best be understood from a multiscalar perspective, which considers processes of placemaking as reproductive of power dynamics. Applying such a perspective to local bordering practices in Greece, Turkey, the Netherlands, Italy, and Germany, we point out the importance of the multitude of the actors involved; legal pluralism; and the contextual role of social, economic, and spatial factors. This offers a theoretical foothold for understanding the power dynamics at play when local authorities become bastions or bulwarks, in which some migrants are welcomed, and others are not

Effectiveness of Pet/Ct in Evaluation of the Lymphoma

DergiPark: 640241tmsjAims: Prognosis and survival of Hodgkin lymphoma have been improved dramatically by the development of treatments as well as the sensitivity of evaluation tools. In this case report, we aimed to emphasize the importance of positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography in the initial staging of Hodgkin’s lymp-homa, evaluating the response to treatment, and to demonstrate residual tissue or recurrence. Case Report: A 25-year-old male patient presented to Trakya University Hospital with swelling in the right groin and was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography scan was used for initial staging and assessment of response to treatment. Conclusion: Positron emission tomography is a feasible imaging modality for the evaluation of lymphomas. It is sensitive to detect minimal recurrence as well as alterations of lesions’ metabolic activity. Keywords: Positron emission tomography, lymphoma, hodgkin diseas

Prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma is significantly higher in graves disease with synchronous thyroid nodules

Objective: The association between autoimmunity-related tissue injury and thyroid cancer development remains an area of interest. Evidence suggests that patients with Graves disease (GD) may have an elevated risk for differentiated thyroid cancer. Multicenter studies are needed to gain insight into the correlates of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) identified in this particular group of patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTC and synchronous thyroid nodules in thyroidectomy specimens from GD patients in an endemic goiter region. Material and methods: A retrospective review of institutional pathology records at two tertiary care centers identified 237 surgically treated patients with GD. Patients were categorized as having nodular Graves disease (N-GD) if synchronous nodular thyroid was identified by ultrasonography, while those without synchronous thyroid nodules were categorized as non-nodular or simple Graves disease (S-GD). The prevalence of PTC, histopathological correlates, and demographic characteristics were recorded and compared between groups N-GD and S-GD. Results: One hundred thirty-one and 106 patients were assigned to N-GD and S-GD, respectively. The mean age was significantly higher in N-GD (mean 45.52 years) compared to S-GD (mean 35.18 years) (p 0.05). The group of S-GD was enriched in BRAF-like PTCs, whereas N-GD had equal distribution for RAS- and BRAF-like tumors. Conclusion: This study underscores that the majority of PTCs encountered in GD were enriched in low-risk subcentimeter PTCs with a prevalence that varies depending on the presence of underlying nodular thyroid tissue

Türkiye'de Katılım Bankalarının Müşteri Perspektifinden Performanslarının İncelenmesi: Kocaeli İli Örneği

To have an uninterrupted growth performance of participation banks may beonly possible by sustainable development strategies that are consistent withmarket dynamics. Investigating the reasons why customers prefer theseinstitutions, what their expectations are, and analyzing the data obtained fromthese researches are critical in developing strategies. Comprehensive fieldresearch covering all provinces of Turkey which aims to determine the reasonsfor customer preference of participation banks may provide policy implicationsfor the policymakers. As the first step towards carrying out such research, it wasaimed to investigate the reasons for preferring participation banks in Kocaeliprovince. In the study, the required data were collected and analyzed with thehelp of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Firstly, an in-depthinterview method was applied in qualitative research to obtain the data from 12customers working with participation banks in a long period of time. Secondly,the questionnaire method was used to collect data from a wider customer sampleregarding the factors that are important for working with the participationbanks. 407 questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted. 5 main factors, suchas religious factors, service quality variables, social environment effect, financial variables, and marketing mix variables were found to be effective in preferringparticipation banks. The findings of this exploratory study are consistent withthe related literature and it is expected to guide to future studies.Katılım bankalarının büyüme performansının belirli bir eşikten sonra sekteye uğramaması, sürdürülebilir ve piyasa dinamikleri ile tutarlı stratejilerin geliştirilmesi ile mümkün olabilir. Müşterilerin bu kurumları hangi gerekçeler ile tercih ettiği ve beklentilerinin neler olduğu konusunun araştırılması ve bu araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesi tutarlı stratejilerin geliştirilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye genelinde yapılacak kapsamlı bir araştırma ile müşterilerin katılım bankalarını tercih etme gerekçeleri tespit edilerek geliştirilecek politika uygulamalarına dayanak oluşturulabilir. Böyle bir araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik bir adım olarak Kocaeli özelinde katılım bankalarının tercih edilme gerekçelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemleri yardımıyla gerekli veriler toplanarak, analiz edilmiştir. Öncelikle nitel araştırma kapsamında derinlemesine görüşme yönteminden yararlanılarak uzun süreli katılım bankaları ile çalışan 12 müşteriden gerekli bilgiler elde edilmiştir. İkinci olarak, anket yöntemi ile daha geniş bir müşteri örneğinden katılım bankalarının tercih edilmesinde önemli olan faktörlere yönelik bilgiler toplanmıştır. 407 adet anket formu analiz edilerek, yorumlanmış ve dini faktörler, hizmet kalitesi ile ilgili değişkenler, sosyal çevre etkisi, finansal değişkenler ve pazarlama karması ile ilgili değişkenler şeklinde 5 temel faktörün katılım bankası tercihinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Keşifsel bir araştırma özelliği taşıyan bu çalışmanın bulguları, literatür ile uyumlu sonuçlar vermekte olup, gelecek çalışmalara yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir

Tevatron Higgs Mass Bounds: Projecting U(1)' Models to LHC Domain

We study Higgs boson masses in supersymmetric models with an extra U(1) symmetry to be called U(1)$^{\prime}$. Such extra gauge symmetries are urged by the $\mu$ problem of the MSSM, and they also arise frequently in low-energy supersymmetric models stemming from GUTs and strings. We analyze mass of the lightest Higgs boson and various other particle masses and couplings by taking into account the LEP bounds as well as the recent bounds from Tevatron experiments. We find that the $\mu$-problem motivated generic low-energy U(1)$^{\prime}$ model yields Higgs masses as large as $\sim 200\ {\rm GeV}$ and violate the Tevatron bounds for certain ranges of parameters. We analyze correlations among various model parameters, and determine excluded regions by both scanning the parameter space and by examining certain likely parameter values. We also make educated projections for LHC measurements in light of the Tevatron restrictions on the parameter space. We further analyze certain benchmark models stemming from E(6) breaking, and find that they elevate Higgs boson mass into Tevatron's forbidden band when U(1)$^{\prime}$ gauge coupling takes larger values than the one corresponding to one-step GUT breaking.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

General introduction: Urban politics of human rights

Human rights and the urban – two concepts that both seem to quiver with hope, promise and potential. Songs, selfies and cinematography praising city life conjure images of growth, freedom and emancipation. The slums behind the shiny facades, the people begging next to high rise banks, the divergent life-worlds and opportunities of children in a single city. The different contributions highlight the involvement of a myriad of actors who use human rights, for instance, to respond to urbanisation processes. At the same time, this volume is mindful of critics who argue, for instance, that human rights city initiatives may preserve the state-centric human rights framework, by emphasising local ‘state actors’ and by only indirectly recognising the role of other local actors, such as community-based groups and social movements. The urban condition is often argued to define future life on the planet

Examination of the Relationship between Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Values and Hearing Function in Neonates

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the results of the transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) test used in neonatal hearing screening and the results of the umbilical cord blood (UCB) analysis in neonates.Methods: This retrospective study included 209 neonates born in the obstetric unit at the 37th gestational week. Based on the results of the TEOAE test, the neonates included in the study were divided into two groups as the study group composed of those “REFER” (n=141) and the control group consisting those “PASS” (n=68) the test. The UCB sampling procedure was performed on all neonates. In the blood samples, the pH parameters were evaluated by using glass electrodes, and the pCO2 and pO2 parameters were evaluated directly by using sensitive electrodes.Results: When the additional maternal diseases were compared with the TEOAE results, the ratio of hypothyroidism was found to be statistically higher in the study group (p0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the results of UCB analysis and the TEOAE test. However, we believe that conducting a larger study evaluating other parameters and employing UCB analysis would be useful, and UCB evaluation, which is an inexpensive, easy and effective method in determining hypoxia in neonates, might be a significant marker in cases at risk of hearing loss

Effects of rootstocks on storage and shelf life of grafted watermelons

Watermelon fruits from non-grafted or grafted ‘Crimson Tide’ (CT) and ‘Crisby’ (CR) onto Ferro, RS841, Argentario and Macis rootstocks were compared for their postharvest quality during storage at 7 °C for 21 days and additional 7 days at 21 °C. Non-grafted and grafted CT and CR fruits did not exhibit chilling injury (CI) symptoms, but the 1-2% of fungal decay occurred after shelf life period following storage. Watermelons grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks had higher flesh firmness thicker rind, lower ripening rating, more intense (higher C*) brighter red (lower h° value) color and higher lycopene content after shelf life period following storage, compared to non-grafted fruits. All of the fruit tested by the panelists received high taste scores of >7.9 out of 8.5 at the beginning, but the scores decreased to >6.8 out of 7.7 at the end of shelf life period. Watermelons could successfully be kept for 21 days at 7 °C and additional 7 days at 21 °C. Watermelons grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks had higher postharvest quality, compared to the non-grafted fruits for both cultivars

13.-14. Yy. Anadolu'suna Tarihlenen Kandil Ve Şamdanlarda Işık Sembolizmi

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1994Thesis (M.A.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 1994Ortaçağ İslam düşüncesinde ışık sembolizmi ve geometrik motifler temelinden yola çıkılan aşağıdaki araştırmada, çağın (13. -14. yy.) aydınlatma araçları; kandil ve şamdanlar dekorasyonları nedeniyle ele alınmıştır. Bir başka deyişle, 13. -14. yy. Anadolu'suna tarihlenen kandil ve şamdanlardan, üzerlerinde geometrik motifler bulunanlar katalog kısmını oluşturmuş, burada yer alan geometrik ve figürlü süslemelerin ışık sembolizmiyle olan bağlan tartışılmıştır. Günümüzde, dünyada çeşitli koleksiyonlara dağılmış bulunan sözkonusu kandil ve şamdanların hemen hepsi Anadolu'daki tekke, türbe, medrese veya camiilerden getirilmişlerdir. Bu orijin birlikteliğinin yanısıra, şamdanlarda görülen diğer belirgin özellik ise hemen hepsinin aynı boy ve ölçülerde, aynı formda ve aynı ağırlıkta olmalarıdır. İlk bakışta göze çarpan bu özellikler, dekorasyondaki bütünlükte de kendini belli eder. Öyle ki, bu gruptaki şamdanların süslemesinde başlıca dört temanın; Oniki ayın işleri, Saray yaşamından sahneler; eğlence, taht ve av sahneleri, Astrolojik semboller ve Geometrik motiflerin yer aldığı görülür. Nerede ve kimin tarafından yapıldıkları belli olmayan bu şamdanlardan, geometrik rozetlere sahip olanlarının motiflerine göre bir katalogunun verilmesi araştırmanın başlıca sonuçlarından biridir. Diğeri ise, sözkonusu geometrik ve figürlü süslemenin Ortaçağ İslam düşüncesinde ışık sembolizmi çerçevesinde ele alınmasıdır.In the Islamic art we come across with the pattern of "the suspended lamp in a niche", on various kinds of material. This pattern has been able to reach our age through reflecting "the Light Symbolism". Most of the mihrabs from Medieval Islamic Architecture frequently incorporate depictions of lamps, often flanked by candlesticks, and suspended beneath an arch. The composition is usually framed by inscriptions. Variations of this composition occur in many parts of the Islamic world, including Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Yemen and Turkey, and they are known from the late eleventh century onward. Because flat mihrabs are sometimes located in the same position that niche mihrabs occupy in the qibla wall of a structure, scholars have associated them with the sacred focal point of the faith and hence with the act of submission in prayer. The lamps that are represented on them are assumed to be mosque lamps, also implying connections with prayer. References to the mysticism of Ghazali's "Mishkât al- Anwar" (The Niche of Lights) and to the "Ayât al-nûr" (the Light Verse, Qur'an 24:35) project a symbolic relationship between these compositions and the Light of God in the mosque. This relationship is based on the occurrence of the Light Verse on numerous actual lamps and on the supposition that flat mihrabs are representations of niche mihrabs in which such lamps are hung. The main goal of this research is to show the symbolic link between the decorations of the mosque lamps and the "Light Symbolism" in the 13 th- 14th centuries Islamic thought. It is not possible to understand the art without the spirituality or the spirituality without the art, and the physical and cultural context must facilitate this mutual understanding. Like Mevlâna and Arabi, Ghazali and other sufis greatly influenced the Islamic thought in Anatolia during Seljuk period. It can be said that, geometrical patterns of Islamic art were simply tools used in order to help flesh out a major theological concept about the nature of the universe and its relationship to God. Xlll On the other hand, Islamic geometrical patterns continue to be the subject of various studies attempting to explain its nature in aesthetic, mathematical, cosmological and mystical terms. Thus, in order to analyze the decorations of mosque lamps and candlesticks from Middle Ages Anatolia, it is essential to consider sufizm as a great source of light symbolism. It will be necessary to classify these lamps according to their decorations. As a consequence of this classification, mainly four themes can be noted which are: Labors of the Month, Astrological Symbols, Princely Scenes and the Geometrical Patterns. It has been found at the end of this studies that the lamps had some mutual characteristics such as in their forms, in the techniques that had been used as well as in their weight and in the patterns that had been used for decorating these lamps. Most of the candlesticks in the catalogue belong to a series of at least sixty examples that appear to have been mass-produced with identical shapes and sizes. Their decorative vocabulary utilizes a wide range of princely themes, astrological symbols, inscriptions, and floral and geometric motifs. The inscriptions do not indicate where or they were produced. Most of the candlesticks which have been chosen for the catalogue are belong to a group which was first seriously studied by D.S.Rice in 1954. On the basis of a quotation from al-Qazvini, iconographic parallels with Byzantine art and Limoges enamels, calligraphic parallels with Caucasian inscriptions, a Caucasian nisba and various other stylistic factors, Rice attributed the group to Azerbaijan in the II-Khanid period. Reviewing Rice's article in 1957, Henri Stern suggested that the vermiculated scrolls cited by Rice as indicating Limoges influence were in fact due to Georgian influence. Rice's attribution and dating were followed by Esin Atıl in her publication of two candlesticks in the collection of the University of Michigan, in 1972. In 1976, Melikian-Chirvani suggested in his labels for an exhibition of Iranian Islamic metalwork at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, that Rice's attribution might be incorrect. First because of the heterogeneous nature of the decoration, which cannot be paralleled in Iranian monuments of the period, but can in those of Anatolia. Secondly because all the candlesticks surviving in the Middle East were then in Anatolian collections. He also suggested various negative reasons for doubting their Iranian origin. XIV Subsequently, two other art historians produced articles independently showing the probability of an Anatolian origin for the candlesticks. The most thorough stylistic work on the candlesticks was done by Priscilla Soucek in her catalogue of an exhibition of Islamic art held at Ann Arbor in 1978. In her discussions she brought to light the following points and comparisons: certain close iconographic parallels with western Islamic ivories in the depiction of enthroned figures; parallels between drinking vessels depicted on the candlesticks and glass objects of 7th-8th/ 13th-14th century Syria; epigraphic parallels in the 7th/13th century carpets from the mosque of Ala al-Din in Konya and in tile work from 7th/ 13th century Konya and Akşehir; traces of the influence of late 6th/ 12th and early 7th/ 13 th century Jaziran painting in the portrayal of the seated prince and his standing attendants. She also suggested an easy explanation for a Georgian link, since there were a number of marriage alliances between the Seljuks and Georgians in the 7th/13th century, which could have brought Georgian cultural influences into central Anatolia. The same year J.W.Allan published a short note pointing ' out that the quotation from al-Qazvini cited by Rice had been mistranslated and was therefore irrelevant. These pieces were recently assigned to Turkey, more specifically to Konya, the capital of the Seljuks of Anatolia, to Siirt, a city in the southeast governed by Artukids until the fifteenth century. Whether or not they were all made in one location or were produced in a wider region encompassing southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq and Syria, and northeastern Iran cannot yet be determined. The candlesticks were carefully designed, with the surfaces divided in units of threes and fours and linked either by formal devices (such as continuous and looping bands or repeated patterns) or by the sequential development of the chosen themes or narrative cycles. There was a definite progression in "reading" the decoration, which was in the same direction as the inscriptions, that is, right to left, or in the case of objects in the round, counterclockwise. Animals and birds played an important role in the decorative repertoire and were used both as the main theme and as a part of the background. Certain motifs, particularly the lion and the eagle or hawk, were associated with royalty, while others had talismanic and protective attributes. Both real and fantastic animals were represented, including a variety of birds, four-legged predators with their prey, and such winged creatures as unicorns, griffins, harpies and sphinxes. XV Animals depicted in combat or ferocious birds of prey or lions attracting weaker creatures, symbolized imperial power. Among the most characteristic imperial themes was a hawk attacking a bird, enclosed within a roundel. Imperial themes such as, scenes depicting enthroned princes and courtly figures feasting and drinking while being entertained by musicians and dancers were fully developed by the thirteenth century. The decorative vocabulary included revelers holding beakers, surrounded by tall-necked wine bottles and bowls of fruit; musicians playing a variety of string, wind, and percussion instruments, such as lutes, harps, zithers, flutes, drums, tambourines, and cymbals; and hunters on horseback pursuing wild creatures, assisted by trained falcons an cheetahs. Astrological themes were second in popularity to imperial subjects, and many pieces were decorated with the personifications of the seven planets and the twelve constellations of the zodiac, depicted independently or in combination. There also existed cycles with the labors of the months or the heavenly bodies associated with the months. At times, incorporated into the decoration were select astrological symbols, such as the symbol of the moon represented either by a crescent or a figure holding a crescent, or by the pseudo planet Jawzahr, personified by a dragon. Geometric patterns, used either to fill in the background of the main themes or serve as independent motifs, utilize a variety of shapes, same of which can be associated with solar symbols. Among the most popular were designs radiating from central stars or rosettes, representing the celestial lights; and geometric roundels symbolizing the sun. Besides the four main themes mentioned above, floral themes were used also, both as background decoration and as individual motifs with symbolic meanings. Lancet leaves were associated with sun rays, whereas the rosette represented the sun. Often combined with related geometric motifs, these symbols of divine light were frequently applied to lighting devices, such as candlesticks and mosque lamps. In conclusion, it could be stated that the same kind of geometric motifs had been used constantly for decorating the candlesticks and mosque lamps of this period. Thus, the link between the geometric patterns and the light symbolism is underlined. When the link between the geometrical patterns and the light symbolism is regarded within the framework of Sufi philosophy the mutual characteristics of these patterns become significant. XVI This significance reveals the relationship between geometric patterns and figurative decorations. The princely scenes and astrological symbols used next to the geometrical patterns indicate that all of the above symbols have been used to symbolize the Holy Light. Thus, the frequent usage of the pattern "the Seal of Solomon", proves the relation between geometry and the light symbolism.Yüksek LisansM.A