Capital humano y ciclo económico: la inscripción en educación superior en la Unión Europea en el período 2000-2018

El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento cíclico de la inscripción en educación superior de adultos jóvenes. Para esto se desarrolla un modelo de datos de panel para los países de la Unión Europea entre el año 2000 y el 2018. En primer lugar, se encuentran efectos estadísticamente significativos del ciclo económico en la inscripción, los cuales difieren según características sociodemográficas como edad y sexo. En concreto, para la inscripción de jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años se observa tanto efectos pro-cíclicos del PBI per cápita como contra-cíclicos de la tasa de desempleo, aunque no para otros rangos etarios. Al analizar por separado la inscripción a diferentes programas, se encuentra que, en programas de ciclo corto, grado y maestría la inscripción femenina se ve más afectada que la masculina por variaciones en el PBI per cápita. Se observan además diferencias en el comportamiento de la inscripción según el nivel de PBI per cápita y profundidad financiera del país.The current study aims to analyze the cyclical behavior of enrollment in higher education of young adults. For this, a panel data is constructed for the countries of the European Union between 2000 and 2018. First, I find statistically significant effects of the business cycle on enrollment, which differ according to sociodemographic characteristics such as age and sex. In particular, for the enrollment of young people between the ages of 20 and 30, the results show both pro-cyclical effects of GDP per capita and counter-cyclical effects of the unemployment rate, although not for other age ranges. When separately analyzing enrollment in different types of programs, it is found that in short-cycle, bachelor's and master's degree programs, female enrollment is more affected than male enrollment by variations in GDP per capita. There are also differences in the behavior of enrollment according to the level of GDP per capita and financial depth of the country

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una pequeña empresa productora y comercializadora de mermelada de guayaba en el sector Guallupe, parroquia la crolina, cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

Realizar un estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una pequeña empresa productora y comercializadora de mermelada de guayaba en el sector Guallupe, parroquia La Carolina, cantón Ibarra, provincia de ImbaburaLa investigación se realiza en el sector de Guallupe perteneciente a la parroquia La Carolina, la misma que pertenece al cantón Ibarra, provincia Imbabura; el proyecto consiste en implementar la creación de una pequeña empresa productora y comercializadora de mermelada de guayaba en dicho sector, ya que existe en abundancia dicha fruta, la misma que suele desperdiciarse en gran cantidad debido a que llega al estado de putrefacción rápidamente. La ventaja que tiene el proyecto es cercanía de la materia prima principal (guayaba) con el lugar de procesamiento es decir la pequeña empresa. La pequeña empresa tiene la finalidad de comercializar la mermelada de guayaba en la ciudad de Ibarra como mercado meta, la demanda insatisfecha de la ciudad va ser satisfecha en un 38 % por parte de la micro empresa debido a la capacidad de producción de mermelada de guayaba y al tamaño de la empresa y la cantidad de trabajadores, ya que al momento de iniciar debe ser un tamaño pequeño y pocos trabajadores debido al monto presupuestado en la inversión del proyecto. La ejecución del proyecto va contribuir al desarrollo económico y social del sector de Guallupe, porque genera fuentes de empleo dentro de la pequeña empresa así como en su entorno. La inversión se recupera en el período de tres años los dos años siguientes se reflejarán las utilidades. El nombre de la pequeña empresa será GUAYABA JAM, CÍA LTDA. La compañía estará constituida por cinco socios los cuales aportarán un capital social

Computing combustion noise by combining Large Eddy Simulation with analytical models for the propagation of waves through turbine blades

Two mechanisms control combustion noise generation as shown by Marble and Candel [1]: direct noise, in which acoustic waves propagate through the turbine stages and indirect noise, in which vorticity and/or entropy waves generate noise as they are convected through turbine stages. A method to calculate combustion-generated noise has been implemented in a tool called CHORUS. The method uses the Large eddy simulations of the combustion chamber obtained with the unstructured solver AVBP developed at CERFACS [2] and analytical models for the propagation through turbine stages. The propagation models [3] use the compact row hypothesis to write matching conditions between the inlet and the outlet of a turbine stage. Using numerical simulations, the validity of the analytical methods is studied and the errors made quantified

Clinical application of the anterolateral thigh free flap in high energy injuries of the lower extremity

One of the recurring problems in plastic and reconstructive surgery is the loss of tissues of the lower extremities as a result of high-energy injuries. The difficulty of this reconstruction lies in the need for a sufficiently suitable and resistant tissue to allow this restoration. The thigh-free anterolateral flap, since its description in 1984, has great versatility for complex or extensive lower extremity reconstructions. We presented the case of a 37-year-old male patient who had a high-energy road accident on a bicycle, impacting a moving vehicle causing a multi fragmented fracture of the right proximal tibia AO 41 C2.2/Schatzker V. He was treated surgically with material from osteosynthesis and iliac crest graft. It is complicated by infection of the surgical wound, exposure of osteosynthesis material and absence of skin covering. Reconstruction of the upper third of the right leg was performed with a thigh-free anterolateral free flap with 2 end-to-end venous anastomoses from the flap to anterior tibial veins, and 1 end-to-end anastomosis from perforating artery to anterior tibial artery, with no associated complications. The thigh-free anterolateral free flap is a versatile and reliable mechanism for the reconstructive surgeon, as it provides excellent coverage for complex lower extremity wounds as well as low donor site morbidity. Outpatient follow-up with adequate clinical evolution was done.

Open-Phase Fault Operation of 5-Phase Induction Motor Drives using DTC Techniques

Direct torque control (DTC) is extensively used in conventional three-phase drives as an alternative to field-oriented control methods. The standard DTC technique was originally designed to regulate two independent variables using hysteresis controllers. Recent works have extended the procedure for five-phase drives in healthy operation accounting for the additional degrees of freedom. Although one of the main advantages of multiphase machines is the ability to continue the operation in faulty conditions, the utility of DTC after the appearance of a fault has not been covered in the literature yet. This paper analyses the operation of a five-phase induction motor drive in faulty situation using a DTC controller. An open-phase fault condition is considered, and simulation results are provided to study the performance of the drive, comparing with the behavior during healthy state

Randomized Phase II Trial of Sapanisertib ± TAK-117 vs. Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After VEGF-Targeted Therapy

MTOR inhibitors; Everolimus; Renal cell carcinomaInhibidores de MTOR; Everolimus; Carcinoma de células renalesInhibidors de MTOR; Everolimus; Carcinoma de cèl·lules renalsBackground Sapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, may offer more complete inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway than mTORC1 inhibitors, such as everolimus. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-agent sapanisertib and sapanisertib plus the PI3Kα inhibitor TAK-117, vs. everolimus in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that had progressed on or after VEGF-targeted therapy. Materials and Methods Patients with histologically confirmed, advanced ccRCC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive single-agent everolimus 10 mg once daily, single-agent sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly, or sapanisertib 4 mg plus TAK-117 200 mg, both once daily for 3 days/week, in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Ninety-five patients were treated with everolimus or sapanisertib (n = 32 each), or sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (n = 31). There were no significant differences in PFS among the 3 groups or across any subgroups. Median PFS was 3.8 months with everolimus vs. 3.6 months with sapanisertib (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.75-2.36), and 3.1 months with sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.75-2.52). No significant differences in overall survival were seen among groups. Overall response rate was 16.7%, 0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events were 15.6%, 28.1%, and 29.0%. Conclusion Sapanisertib with or without TAK-117 was less tolerable and did not improve efficacy vs. everolimus in patients with advanced ccRCC who had relapsed after or were refractory to VEGF-targeted therapies. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition may not be an effective therapeutic approach for these patients.This article is supported by Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA

Biotecnología agrícola

The domestication of plants can be considered as the first genetic manipulation of living organisms and it is associated with the origin of agriculture, and represents the major contribution of biotechnology to the development of mankind. The challenges the agricultural sector faces in the coming decades are population growth and the increasing demand for raw materials for food, feed, as well as the consumer preferences, environmental and legal aspects, and the overall globalisation of the economy. The agricultural biotechnology applications will undoubtedly play a role in meeting these challenges. Spain has competent scientific groups devoted to basic and applied research, with a wide knowledge on agricultural biotechnology. The transfer of the business sector needs to the scientific field, coordinating the R&D companies and research groups from universities and public research organisms is an objective to be attained in the future.La domesticación de plantas, primera manipulación genética de los organismos vivos y origen de la Agricultura, representa la mayor contribución de la biotecnología al desarrollo de la humanidad. Los retos a superar en las próximas décadas para el sector agrario están determinados por el aumento demográfico y la demanda de materias primas para alimentación humana y animal, por las preferencias en el consumo, por aspectos medioambientales y legales, y por la globalización de la economía. Las aplicaciones de la biotecnología agrícola van a jugar un papel incuestionable en el logro de estos retos. Nuestro país posee unos buenos grupos en investigación básica y aplicada, con amplios conocimientos de la agrobiotecnología. El traslado de las necesidades del sector empresarial a la investigación, coordinando los departamentos de I+D+I de las empresas y los grupos de investigación de las universidades y organismos públicos de investigación es una finalidad a conseguir en el futuro

Analytical and numerical study of direct and indirect combustion noise through a subsonic nozzle

Two mechanisms control sound generated by combustion in a gas turbines: direct combustion noise, in which acoustic waves generated by the flame propagate from the combustion chamber to the outlet through the turbine stages, and indirect combustion noise (or entropy noise), in which entropy waves created by unsteady combustion generate noise as they are accelerated through the turbine stages. These mechanisms can be studied in laboratories by sending acoustic and entropy waves through a nozzle as done in the EWG experiment of DLR [1]. Previous studies have addressed the case where the EWG nozzle is choked and have demonstrated that indirect noise was large compared to direct noise, suggesting that indirect noise only could be retained for gas turbine studies. In the present study, subsonic cases (where the nozzle is unchoked) are analysed using first a full numerical resolution of the unsteady Euler equations, second an analytical method based on the work of Marble and Candel [2] in the low frequency limit and finally the one-dimensional linearized Euler equations in the frequency domain. Results show that direct noise cannot be neglected in these situations and will have to be included for real gas turbines where the flow remains mostly subsonic

Study of the 234U(n,f) fission fragment angular distribution at the CERN n_TOF facility

The angular distribution of the f ssion fragments (FFAD) produced in neutron induced reactions of actinides have been measured with a fission detection setup based on parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) at the Neutron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) facility at CERN. The main features of the setup and preliminary results are reported here for the 234U(n,f) reaction measurement showing a high concordance with previous data, while providing new results up to 100 MeV.Postprint (published version

A simple braking method for six-phase induction motor drives with unidirectional power flow in the base-speed region

Induction motor drives supplied from diode front-end rectifiers are commonly used in industrial applications due to their low cost and reliability. However, the two-quadrant operation of such a topology makes the regenerative braking impossible. Braking resistors can be used to dissipate the braking power and provide enhanced braking capability, but additional hardware is then necessary. Alternatively, the braking power can be dissipated within the inverter/motor by control software reconfiguration. In this scenario, the additional degrees of freedom of multiphase drives can be used to increase the system losses without disturbing the flux and torque production. Experimental results confirm the possibility to enhance the braking capability of six-phase drives with only few changes in the control scheme