Analisis Perbandingan Perolehan Laba Bertani Tembakau dengan Bertani Sayur di Desa Pemaron, Kecamatan Buleleng, Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun 2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbandingan biaya produksi bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur (2) perbandingan pendapatan bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur, dan (3) perbandingan perolehan laba atau rugi bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur di Desa Pemaron. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah petani tembakau dan petani sayur di Desa Pemaron tahun 2013. Objek penelitian ini adalah biaya produksi, pendapatan, dan laba atau rugi bertani tembakau dengan bertani sayur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan wawancara. Dianalisis dengan analisis deskriftif kuantitatif dengan menghitung perbandingan biaya produksi, pendapatan, dan laba atau rugi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Perbandingan biaya produksi bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur di Desa Pemaron tahun 2013 sebesar Rp 37.638.000,00. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari biaya produksi bertani tembakau sebesar Rp 46.447.000,00 per hektar, sedangkan biaya produksi bertani sayur sebesar Rp 8.809.000,00 per hektar. (2) Perbandingan Pendapatan bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur di Desa Pemaron tahun 2013 sebesar Rp 35.000.000,00. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pendapatan bertani tembakau Rp 53.000.000,00 per hektar, sedangkan pendapatan bertani sayur Rp 18.000.000,00 per hektar. (3) Perbandingan Laba bertani tembakau dan bertani sayur di Desa Pemaron tahun 2013 sebesar Rp 2.658.000,00. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari laba bertani tembakau Rp 6.533.000,00 per hektar, sedangkan laba bertani sayur Rp 9.191.000,00 per hektar.Kata Kunci : Biaya produksi, pendapatan, dan perolehan laba. The aims of this research are (1) to know the comparison of cost production between tobacco farmer and vegetables farmer (2) comparison of income acquisition between tobacco farmer and vegetables farmer and (3) comparison of profit or loss acquisition between tobacco farmer and vegetables farmer at Pemaron village. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The subjects on this research were the tobacco farmers and vegetables farmers at Pemaron village, in the year 2013. The objects of this research were : cost production, income acquisition and profit or loss acquisition between tobacco farmers and vegetables farmers. The methods that were being used to collect the data were : documentation method and interview method. The analiyzd will be descriptive quantitative analyzed by counting the comparison of cost production, income acquisition and profit or loss acquisition. The results of the reaserch showed that (1) the comparison of cost production between tobacco farmer and vegetables farmer at Pemaron village, in the year 2013 was Rp 37.638.000,00. This can seen from the cost production of tobacco farmer was Rp 46.447.000,00 per hectare while the cost production of vegetables farmers was Rp 8.809.000,00 per hectare. (2) comparison income acquisition between tobacco farmer and vegetables farmer at Pemaron village in the year 2013 was Rp 35.000.000,00. This can be seen from the income acquisition of tobacco farmer was Rp 53.000.000,00 per hectare while the income acquisition of vegetables farmer was Rp 18.000.000,00 per hectare. (3) comparison of profit acquisition between tobacco farmer an vegetables farmer at Pemaron village in the year 2013 was Rp 2.658.000,00. This can be seen from the profit acquisition of tobacco farmer was Rp 6.533.000,00 per hectare while the profit acqisition of vegetables farmer was Rp 9.191.000,00 per hectare. keyword : cost production, income acquisition, and profit acquisition. keyword : cost production, income acquisition, and profit acquisition

Analisis Kelayakan Bisnis pada Usaha Game On-line di Desa Dalung,kecamatan Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung Tahun 2013

ÃãããPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kelayakan Bisnis Game On-line (GO) di Desa Dalung ditinjau dari aspek Hukum, aspek Pemasaran, aspek Keuangan, aspek Operasional, aspek Manajemen, aspek Ekonomi, dan aspek AMDAL.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metodemetode dokumentasi, metode observasi dan metode wawancara dan menggunakan kuisioner.Kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. ããããHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Ditinjau dari aspek hukum usaha Game On-line di Desa Dalung rata-rata kelayakan bisnis sebesar 59.29%, yang berada pada kategori layak, (2) Ditinjau dari aspek pemasaran menunjukkan rata-rata kelayakan bisnis Game On-Line sebesar 62,38%, yang berada pada kategori Layak, (3) Ditinjau dari aspek keuangan menunjukkan bahwa dari 35 binis Game On-line maka rata-rata kelayakan binis Game On-line adalah sebesar 55,71% yang berada pada kategori layak, (4) Ditinjau dari aspek operasional rata-rata kelayakan bisnisnya adalah sebesar 42,14%, yang berada pada kategori tidaklayak, (5) Ditinjau dari aspek manajemen rata-rata kelayakan bisnis yang bisa dicapai adalah sebesar 55,71%, yang berada pada kategori layak, (6) Ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kelayakan bisnis Game On-Line di Desa Dalung adalah sebesar 60,48%, yang berada pada kategori Layak, (7) Ditinjau dari aspek AMDAL menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kelayakan usaha Game On-line yang ada di desaDalung adalah sebesar 64,29%, yang berada pada kategori Layak.Kata Kunci : Studi, Kelayakan, Bisnis ããããThis research aims to determine the Business feasibility of Game Online (GO) in Dalung review of the Law aspects, Marketing aspects, financial aspects, operational aspects, management aspects, economic aspects, and the EIA aspects. The research isused descriptive research. Collecting data in this research is conducted by methods of documentation, methods of observation,interview method and questionnaire. Then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques with a qualitative approach. ããããHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Ditinjau dari aspek hukum usaha Game On-line di Desa Dalung rata-rata kelayakan bisnis sebesar 59.29%, yang berada pada kategori layak, (2) Ditinjau dari aspek pemasaran menunjukkan rata-rata kelayakan bisnis Game On-Line sebesar 62,38%, yang berada pada kategori Layak, (3) Ditinjau dari aspek keuangan menunjukkan bahwa dari 35 binis Game On-line maka rata-rata kelayakan binis Game On-line adalah sebesar 55,71% yang berada pada kategori layak, (4) Ditinjau dari aspek operasional rata-rata kelayakan bisnisnya adalah sebesar 42,14%, yang berada pada kategori tidaklayak, (5) Ditinjau dari aspek manajemen rata-rata kelayakan bisnis yang bisa dicapai adalah sebesar 55,71%, yang berada pada kategori layak, (6) Ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kelayakan bisnis Game On-Line di Desa Dalung adalah sebesar 60,48%, yang berada pada kategori Layak, (7) Ditinjau dari aspek AMDAL menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kelayakan usaha Game On-line yang ada di desaDalung adalah sebesar 64,29%, yang berada pada kategori Layak.Kata Kunci : Studi, Kelayakan, Bisnis ããããThis research aims to determine the Business feasibility of Game Online (GO) in Dalung review of the Law aspects, Marketing aspects, financial aspects, operational aspects, management aspects, economic aspects, and the EIA aspects. The research isused descriptive research. Collecting data in this research is conducted by methods of documentation, methods of observation,interview method and questionnaire. Then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques with a qualitative approach. The results show that (1)the average of the business feasibility by the legal aspects of GO in Dalung is 59.29%, which is at decent category, (2)Judging from the marketing aspect shows the average business feasibility Games On-line is 62.38%, which is in the decent category, (3)the average of the business feasibility by the financial aspects of GO in Dalung is 55,71%, which is at decent category,(4) the average of operational aspects is 42.14%, which is not appropriate,(5) Judging from the average of the management aspects of the feasibility of a business that can be achieved is by 55.71%, which is the category of decent, (6) the average of the business feasibility by the economic aspects is about 60.48%, which is in the feasible category, (7) Judging from the aspect of the EIA shows that the mean average feasibility Games on-line is in desa Dalung amounted to 64.29%, which is in the category Worthy.keyword : Research, Feasibility, Business The results show that (1)the average of the business feasibility by the legal aspects of GO in Dalung is 59.29%, which is at decent category, (2)Judging from the marketing aspect shows the average business feasibility Games On-line is 62.38%, which is in the decent category, (3)the average of the business feasibility by the financial aspects of GO in Dalung is 55,71%, which is at decent category,(4) the average of operational aspects is 42.14%, which is not appropriate,(5) Judging from the average of the management aspects of the feasibility of a business that can be achieved is by 55.71%, which is the category of decent, (6) the average of the business feasibility by the economic aspects is about 60.48%, which is in the feasible category, (7) Judging from the aspect of the EIA shows that the mean average feasibility Games on-line is in desa Dalung amounted to 64.29%, which is in the category Worthy.keyword : Research, Feasibility, Busines

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan pada Perusahaan Air Minum (Pam) Desa Pakraman Tabola di Kecamatan Sidemen Tahun 2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) harapan pelanggan dilihat dari dimensi kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola, (2) persepsi pelanggan dilihat dari dimensi kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola, dan (3) kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 1.245 orang pelanggan, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 103 pelanggan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan teknik kuantitataf. Hasil penelitian mnunjukkan (1) harapan pelanggan dilihat dari dimensi kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola berada pada kategori sangat penting, dengan nilai total harapan pelanggan sebesar 10853 dan berada pada rentang skor 9949,8-11845, (2) persepsi pelanggan dilihat dari dimensi kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola berada pada kategori cukup puas dengan nilai total sebesar 7219 dan berada pada rentang skor 6159,4-8053,6, dan (3) kualitas pelayanan pada PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola berada pada kategori puas dengan nilai 0,66 dan berada pada rentang 0,61-0,80.Kata Kunci : Kualitas Pelayanan PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola This study aimed to determine, (1) customer expectation of service quality dimensions PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola, (2) the fact of service quality dimensions PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola, and (3) the service quality of PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola. This research was a descriptive study. The population of the research was 1,245 people, while the sample of the research was 103 people. Data were collected by questionnaire method. It was analyzed by quantitative technique. The results showed (1) the customer expectation of PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola was in very important category with the total value of customer expectations was 10853. It was in the range of 9949,8-11845 score (2) The fact of PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola services was in quite satisfaction category with the total score was 7219. It was in the range of 6159,4-8053,6 score. (3) The the service quality of PAM Desa Pakraman Tabola was in satisfaction category with the total value was 0,66. It was in the range of 0,61-0,80. keyword : Service quality PAM Desa Pakraman Tabol

Histiocitosis: Reporte de un caso

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans se describió desde el siglo XIX. Su origen y patogénesis se basan actualmente en tres eventos: clonalidad comprobada, un proceso reactivo a una infección viral, una proliferación y daño mediados por citocinas. El diagnóstico es histopatológico con la demostración de gránulos de Birbeck o la positividad para CD1a. Afecta a pacientes de cualquier edad y se manifiesta como una lesión osteolítica única o hasta como una enfermedad sistémica. El tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica, la radioterapia o la quimioterapia. El pronóstico varía de acuerdo a la presentación clínica

Prospects for Genomic Selection in Cassava Breeding

Article purchased; Published online: 28 Sept 2017Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop in the tropics. Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented at three breeding institutions in Africa to reduce cycle times. Initial studies provided promising estimates of predictive abilities. Here, we expand on previous analyses by assessing the accuracy of seven prediction models for seven traits in three prediction scenarios: cross-validation within populations, cross-population prediction and cross-generation prediction. We also evaluated the impact of increasing the training population (TP) size by phenotyping progenies selected either at random or with a genetic algorithm. Cross-validation results were mostly consistent across programs, with nonadditive models predicting of 10% better on average. Cross-population accuracy was generally low (mean = 0.18) but prediction of cassava mosaic disease increased up to 57% in one Nigerian population when data from another related population were combined. Accuracy across generations was poorer than within-generation accuracy, as expected, but accuracy for dry matter content and mosaic disease severity should be sufficient for rapid-cycling GS. Selection of a prediction model made some difference across generations, but increasing TP size was more important. With a genetic algorithm, selection of one-third of progeny could achieve an accuracy equivalent to phenotyping all progeny. We are in the early stages of GS for this crop but the results are promising for some traits. General guidelines that are emerging are that TPs need to continue to grow but phenotyping can be done on a cleverly selected subset of individuals, reducing the overall phenotyping burden

Global Perspectives on Task Shifting and Task Sharing in Neurosurgery.

BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical task shifting and task sharing (TS/S), delegating clinical care to non-neurosurgeons, is ongoing in many hospital systems in which neurosurgeons are scarce. Although TS/S can increase access to treatment, it remains highly controversial. This survey investigated perceptions of neurosurgical TS/S to elucidate whether it is a permissible temporary solution to the global workforce deficit. METHODS: The survey was distributed to a convenience sample of individuals providing neurosurgical care. A digital survey link was distributed through electronic mailing lists of continental neurosurgical societies and various collectives, conference announcements, and social media platforms (July 2018-January 2019). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and univariate regression of Likert Scale scores. RESULTS: Survey respondents represented 105 of 194 World Health Organization member countries (54.1%; 391 respondents, 162 from high-income countries and 229 from low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]). The most agreed on statement was that task sharing is preferred to task shifting. There was broad consensus that both task shifting and task sharing should require competency-based evaluation, standardized training endorsed by governing organizations, and maintenance of certification. When perspectives were stratified by income class, LMICs were significantly more likely to agree that task shifting is professionally disruptive to traditional training, task sharing should be a priority where human resources are scarce, and to call for additional TS/S regulation, such as certification and formal consultation with a neurosurgeon (in person or electronic/telemedicine). CONCLUSIONS: Both LMIC and high-income countries agreed that task sharing should be prioritized over task shifting and that additional recommendations and regulations could enhance care. These data invite future discussions on policy and training programs

Characterization of S3Pvac Anti-Cysticercosis Vaccine Components: Implications for the Development of an Anti-Cestodiasis Vaccine

Background: Cysticercosis and hydatidosis seriously affect human health and are responsible for considerable economic loss in animal husbandry in non-developed and developed countries. S3Pvac and EG95 are the only field trial-tested vaccine candidates against cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. S3Pvac is composed of three peptides (KETc1, GK1 and KETc12), originally identified in a Taenia crassiceps cDNA library. S3Pvac synthetically and recombinantly expressed is effective against experimentally and naturally acquired cysticercosis.Methodology/ Principal Findings: In this study, the homologous sequences of two of the S3Pvac peptides, GK1 and KETc1, were identified and further characterized in Taenia crassiceps WFU, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences coding for KETc1 and GK1 revealed significant homologies in these species. The predicted secondary structure of GK1 is almost identical between the species, while some differences were observed in the C terminal region of KETc1 according to 3D modeling. A KETc1 variant with a deletion of three C-terminal amino acids protected to the same extent against experimental murine cysticercosis as the entire peptide. on the contrary, immunization with the truncated GK1 failed to induce protection. Immunolocalization studies revealed the non stage-specificity of the two S3Pvac epitopes and their persistence in the larval tegument of all species and in Taenia adult tapeworms.Conclusions/ Significance: These results indicate that GK1 and KETc1 may be considered candidates to be included in the formulation of a multivalent and multistage vaccine against these cestodiases because of their enhancing effects on other available vaccine candidates

Processo decisório e impacto na gestão de políticas públicas: desafios de um Conselho Municipal de Saúde

Os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas são espaços de democratização, que viabilizam a inclusão de demandas da sociedade na agenda política. Este estudo buscou analisar a incorporação de deliberações do Conselho Municipal da Saúde em Chapecó/SC. Os dados foram coletados a partir da leitura das atas do Conselho, do período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010, e das entrevistas com informantes-chave. A implementação das decisões depende de diferentes órgãos ou de outras esferas de governo, não apenas da competência dos conselheiros para formular ou defender suas propostas, ou ainda do interesse, compromisso ou engajamento do gestor municipal. O pouco tempo disponível para o debate nas reuniões do Conselho resulta muitas vezes em decisões que desconsideram fatores importantes, como a capacidade instalada, recursos disponíveis e previsões para a manutenção das atividades incorporadas. O impacto da participação social sobre as políticas públicas na área da saúde requer qualificação do processo decisório, prevendo os múltiplos fatores, de caráter técnico e também político, envolvidos em sua implementação

MIP/Aquaporin 0 Represents a Direct Transcriptional Target of PITX3 in the Developing Lens

The PITX3 bicoid-type homeodomain transcription factor plays an important role in lens development in vertebrates. PITX3 deficiency results in a spectrum of phenotypes from isolated cataracts to microphthalmia in humans, and lens degeneration in mice and zebrafish. While identification of downstream targets of PITX3 is vital for understanding the mechanisms of normal ocular development and human disease, these targets remain largely unknown. To isolate genes that are directly regulated by PITX3, we performed a search for genomic sequences that contain evolutionarily conserved bicoid/PITX3 binding sites and are located in the proximity of known genes. Two bicoid sites that are conserved from zebrafish to human were identified within the human promoter of the major intrinsic protein of lens fiber, MIP/AQP0. MIP/AQP0 deficiency was previously shown to be associated with lens defects in humans and mice. We demonstrate by both chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay that PITX3 binds to MIP/AQP0 promoter region in vivo and is able to interact with both bicoid sites in vitro. In addition, we show that wild-type PITX3 is able to activate the MIP/AQP0 promoter via interaction with the proximal bicoid site in cotransfection experiments and that the introduction of mutations disrupting binding to this site abolishes this activation. Furthermore, mutant forms of PITX3 fail to produce the same levels of transactivation as wild-type when cotransfected with the MIP/AQP0 reporter. Finally, knockdown of pitx3 in zebrafish affects formation of a DNA-protein complex associated with mip1 promoter sequences; and examination of expression in pitx3 morphant and control zebrafish revealed a delay in and reduction of mip1 expression in pitx3-deficient embryos. Therefore, our data suggest that PITX3 is involved in direct regulation of MIP/AQP0 expression and that the alteration of MIP/AQP0 expression is likely to contribute to the lens phenotype in cataract patients with PITX3 mutations