Socio-Cultural Perceptions and Representations of Dementia in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo: The EDAC Survey

Background: Dementia will concern more and more people in the developing countries, but the perception people have of dementia in these areas has not yet been studied. Method: During a general population survey (EDAC) carried out in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo), 27 elderly persons suspected of having dementia and 31 of their relatives, 90 cognitively impaired elderly persons and 92 of their relatives, as well as 33 hospital workers were interviewed according to the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue. Results: Item prominence ratings indicate that the attention was mainly on the emotional and socio-economic consequences (scores >1.0 out of 5 points). Ageing and mental stress are the main perceived causes. Hospital workers are more aware of public stigma. Conclusion: The socio-cultural components of the dementia phenomenon have to be taken into account to enforce public health and social measures

DNAM-1 and PVR Regulate Monocyte Migration through Endothelial Junctions

DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1; CD226) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in T cell and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. We demonstrated recently that DNAM-1 triggers NK cell–mediated killing of tumor cells upon engagement by its two ligands, poliovirus receptor (PVR; CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112). In the present paper, we show that PVR and Nectin-2 are expressed at cell junctions on primary vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, the specific binding of a soluble DNAM-1–Fc molecule was detected at endothelial junctions. This binding was almost completely abrogated by anti-PVR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but not modified by anti–Nectin-2 mAbs, which demonstrates that PVR is the major DNAM-1 ligand on endothelial cells. Because DNAM-1 is highly expressed on leukocytes, we investigated the role of the DNAM-1–PVR interaction during the monocyte transendothelial migration process. In vitro, both anti–DNAM-1 and anti-PVR mAbs strongly blocked the transmigration of monocytes through the endothelium. Moreover, after anti–DNAM-1 or anti-PVR mAb treatment, monocytes were arrested at the apical surface of the endothelium over intercellular junctions, which strongly suggests that the DNAM-1–PVR interaction occurs during the diapedesis step. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DNAM-1 regulates monocyte extravasation via its interaction with PVR expressed at endothelial junctions on normal cells

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Valorisation du patrimoine et territorialisation des identités : approche anthropologique.

International audienc

Alimentation et projets de survie entre restriction et contrôle global : la tendance orthorexique et le régime paléolithique

Réformer sa vie par la nourriture : tel est le projet de ceux qui adoptent les régimes orthorexique et paléolithique, destinés à procurer bien-être et efficacité. Ce plan de régénération dépasse l’aspect alimentaire, il est lié au rejet du monde occidentalisé contemporain. Il est associé à un mode de vie, surtout dans la version paléolithique, où l’homme préhistorique fantasmé incarne un modèle à suivre. Pour fuir une société considérée comme pathogène, les adeptes convertis amorcent un itinéraire de dédomestication afin de reconquérir le sauvage qui est en eux. Passer du régime « paléo » au plan survivaliste correspond à un dessein global : retrouver la maîtrise de soi pour être capable, si besoin, de faire face à des situations inconnues et dangereuses. Un puissant sentiment d’insécurité les pousse à anticiper une situation de survie qui est, à leurs yeux, inéluctable : un chaos planétaire va bientôt plonger le monde dans la confusion, seuls les mieux préparés survivront.Dubreuil Catherine-Marie. Alimentation et projets de survie entre restriction et contrôle global : la tendance orthorexique et le régime paléolithique. In: Manger moral, manger sauvage ? Actes du 138e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Se nourrir : pratiques et stratégies alimentaires », Rennes, 2013. Paris : Editions du CTHS, 2016. pp. 103-117. (Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, 138-7

Libération animale et végétarisation. Ethnologie de l'antispécisme français

International audienceQui sont les antispécistes ? Que veulent-ils ? Pourquoi ? L’antispécisme est un militantisme original, développé en France depuis 1985, remettant en question radicalement notre rapport aux animaux et à la nature. Fondée sur le principe que tout être vivant doué de sensibilité doit pouvoir vivre sans être soumis arbitrairement à la souffrance et à la mort par d’autres êtres vivants, cette pensée en action s’inscrit dans le cadre plus vaste de la lutte contre toutes formes de domination et de prédation.A partir d’une étude ethnologique approfondie, cet ouvrage examine et situe ce mouvement au sein de notre société.L’auteur, qui a assisté à la naissance de ce courant, retrace son évolution, présente les individus qui se sont engagés, leur mode de vie, leurs difficultés, leurs satisfactions

Ethnologie de l'antispécisme (mouvement de libération des animaux et lutte globale contre tous les types de domination)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF