Developing intercultural understanding in primary schools

This chapter explores cultural learning and intercultural understanding associated with foreign languages in primary schools. The chapter focuses primarily on the UK and more specifically on the English context. The issues explored, however, are relevant to foreign language provision in other early language learning settings. We argue that intercultural understanding is relegated within many language lessons not because of teachers’ commitment, but rather because of the limited curriculum time allocated to languages given the expected levels of linguistic development and the lack of availability of appropriate training. We contend that without long-term systematic planning and a cross-curricular approach to cultural learning which encompasses the global dimension, intercultural development will continue to play a minor role in language lessons and in the primary curriculum as a whole

Cultural threads in primary schools

This paper explores headteachers’ and teachers’ perceptions of foreign languages (FL) and cultural learning in three primary schools in areas of disadvantage in England. Drawing upon a new theoretical frame for primary languages – Critical Cosmopolitanism (Delanty, 2006; Beck and Sznaider, 2006) and The Grammar of Culture (Holliday, 2018), we argue that the grand narrative of a target language inhabited by a target culture is outdated and approaches to cultural learning in primary schools could lead the way. There is substantial evidence that most learners find language lessons fun, particularly activities such as songs, stories and intercultural events (Driscoll et al.,2004, 2014; Cable et al. 2010). The discourse on conditions for inclusive practice is less commonplace and little is known about FL learning in areas of high deprivation (Nikolov & Mihaljević Djigunović, 2011). Teachers and headteachers in this study were committed to cultural learning and staff adopted creative approaches to teaching. The findings, however, also indicate that traditional notions of a mono or homogenised national culture with associated stereotypes linger in teachers’ framing of FL. There exists a need for a more personalised approach to cultural learning drawing upon children’s own cultural experiences. Data was analysed thematically following strict ethical guidelines and all names were anonymised to ensure confidentiality

The Unfolding God of Jung and Milton

In this first extensive Jungian treatment of Milton’s major poems, James P. Driscoll uses archetypal psychology to explore Milton’s great themes of God, man, woman, and evil and offers readers deepened understanding of Jung’s profound thoughts on Godhead. The Father, the Son, Satan, Messiah, Samson, Adam, and Eve gain new dimensions of meaning as their stories become epiphanies of the archetypes of Godhead. God and Satan of Paradise Lost are seen as the ego and the shadow of a single unfolding personality whose anima is the Holy Spirit and Milton’s muse. Samson carries the Yahweh archetype examined by Jung in Answer to Job, and Messiah and Satan in Paradise Regained embody the hostile brothers archetype. Anima, animus and the individuation drive underlie the psychodynamics of Adam and Eve’s fall. Driscoll draws on his critical acumen and scholarly knowledge of Renaissance literature to shed new light on Jung’s psychology of religion. The Unfolding God of Jung and Milton illumines Jung’s heterodox notion of Godhead as a quarternity rather than a trinity, his revolutionary concept of a divine individuation process, his radical solution to the problem of evil, and his wrestling with the feminine in Godhead. The book’s glossary of Jungian terms, written for literary critics and theologians rather than clinicians, is exceptionally detailed and insightful. Beyond enriching our understanding of Jung and Milton, Driscoll’s discussion contributes to theodicy, to process theology, and to the study of myths and archetypes in literature. James P. Driscoll is the author of Identity in Shakespearean Drama. Applies to Milton\u27s major poems the insights of Jung\u27s Answer to Job. —Studies in English Literaturehttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_british_isles/1103/thumbnail.jp

Use of Airborne Digital Imagery to Examine Floodplain Complexity at Varying Discharges

Floodplains are composed of aquatic and terrestrial habitats that are frequently reshaped by hydrologic processes operating at various spatial and temporal scales. I hypothesized that floodplain habitat complexity is maximized at intermediate discharges because small changes in flow result in substantial aquatic habitat changes and extreme discharges are associated with a decreased habitat heterogeneity. Between April and September 2014, I collected ultra-high resolution digital multispectral imagery of the Clark Fork River, Montana taken on 6 dates between early spring and fall. Following image mosaicking into a single image, unsupervised classification of the spectral reflectance was used to identify and quantify different aquatic habitats observed in the main channel, parafluvial, and orthofluvial zones of the floodplain. Through the course of the seasonal flood pulse, I observed significant changes in the spatial abundance of many habitat cover types (riffles, runs, shallow shorelines, overbank flow), but not others (backwaters, springbrooks, pools, ponds), suggesting that discharge is only a partial driver of the abundance of aquatic habitats. Riffles and runs and the most common transitions from one habitat to another dominated the main channel over the hydrograph changes that occurred between these habitats. The dominance of these habitats among main channel habitats was reflected in the low alpha diversity of the main channel, which was least diverse during peak flow conditions. Additionally, the main channel generally had low beta diversity, indicating that plots were usually very similar in habitat composition. The parafluvial zone was dominated by cobbles at low flows, transitioned to isolated parafluvial flood channels at moderate discharges, and dominated the expanded main channel during peak flow conditions. The parafluvial was the most diverse zone with peaks in alpha diversity occurring at intermediate flows on both the rising and falling limbs of the hydrograph. Furthermore, the beta diversity of the parafluvial zone tended to be high, suggesting that parafluvial plots were often dissimilar from each other. The orthofluvial zone was dominated by herbaceous habitat; however, I did observe aquatic habitats in the orthofluvial as well. Orthofluvial springbrooks transitioned to flood channels during high discharge as their upstream end connected during elevated discharges and then returned to springbrooks after the flood. The orthofluvial zone had an intermediate level of alpha diversity with the largest habitat diversity observed during peak flow. The beta diversity values of this zone indicated that most plots had some habitat cover type in common. I concluded that there is a relationship between discharge and floodplain habitat complexity, however it is influenced by an interaction between location on the riverscape and discharge

Inventory of forest and rangeland resources, including forest stress

The author has identified the following significant results. Road systems being developed within the Manitou, Colorado area for human habitation are readily discernible on the S192 normal-color photographs. These are dirt roads, some of which are about 20 feet wide. These data should provide the District Ranger of the Pike National Forest required information on the size and extent of these developing areas, information which he does not now have but is required for total management of the District

Inventory of forest and rangeland resources, including forest stress

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Inventory of forest and rangeland resources, including forest stress

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Inventory of forest and rangeland resources, including forest stress

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Blood volume changes

Analysis of radionuclide volume determinations made for the crewmembers of selected Gemini and Apollo missions showed that orbital spaceflight has an effect on red cell mass. Because the methods and the protocol developed for earlier flights were used for the crews of the three Skylab missions, direct comparisons are possible. After each Skylab mission, decreases were found in crewmembers' red cell masses. The mean red cell mass decrease of 11 percent or 232 milliliters was approximately equal to the 10 percent mean red cell mass decrease of the Apollo 14 to 17 crewmembers. The red cell mass drop was greatest and the postrecovery reticulocyte response least for crewmembers of the 28-day Skylab 2 mission. Analyses of data from the red cell mass determinations indicate that the red cell mass drops occurred in the first 30 days of flight and that a gradual recovery of the red cell mass deficits began approximately 60 days after launch. The beginning of red cell mass regeneration during the Skylab 4 flight may explain the higher postmission reticulocyte counts

Inventory of forest and rangeland resources, including forest stress

There are no author-identified significant results in this report