Drought intensity in Vojvodina Province and impact on fields crop production

The lowlands in the northern parts of the Serbia and Montenegro, Province of Vojvodina, in which agricultural production is concentrated, have changeable unstable and unforeseeable rainfalls and dry periods between June and August. Analyses of drought in Novi Sad, which represents (the Vojvodina Province) the average precipitation sum is 612 mm (270-931), and 348 mm (138-683) in the growing season. Depending on drought intensity, crop yields may be reduced to 50% in relation to the genetic yield potential. In extremely dry years yield reductions in some crop species reach 90% in comparison with years with normal rainfall

Prinos zrna stočnog graška u postrnoj setvi u uslovima navodnjavanja

A trial with spring forage pea (Pisum sativum L) sown in irrigated double cropping was carried out at the Rimski Šančevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad during 2002 and 2003. The cultivars Jezero and Javor were studied. Sowing was done on June 26 in the first year and June 24 in the second. The irrigation regime included seven irrigations with a total of 220 mm in 2002 and six irrigations with 130 mm in total in 2003. In both years, harvesting was done in late August. Javor had the higher plant height mean values (42 cm), pod number (5) and plant mass (5.93 g), while Jezero had the higher grain number per plant (14) grain yield per plant (2.31 g) and 1000-grain mass (171 g). Jezero had the higher average grain yield per unit area (1.272 t ha-1) relative to Javor (0.962 t ha-1).Ogled sa posrtnom setvom jarog stočnog graška (Pisum sativum L) u navodnjavanju izveden je na oglednom polju Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šančevima tokom 2002. i 2003. godine. Ispitivane su sorte Jezero i Javor. Prve godine setva je obavljena 26, a druge godine 24. juna. Režim navodnjavanja u 2002. godini je obuhvatio sedam zalivanja sa ukupnom normom od 220 mm, a tokom 2003. godine šest zalivanja sa ukupnom normom od 130 mm. Žetva u obe godine je obavljena krajem avgusta. Sorta Javor se odlikovala većim prosečnim vrednostima visine biljke (42 cm), broja mahuna (5) i mase biljke (5,93 g), dok je sorta Jezero imala veći broj zrna po biljci (14), prinos zrna po biljci (2,31 g) i veću masu hiljadu zrna (171 g). Jezero je postigao veći prosečni prinos zrna po jedinici površine (1,272 t ha-1) u odnosu na Javor (0,962 t ha-1)

Prinos i evapotranspiracija sudanske trave u zavisnosti od predzalivne vlažnosti zemljišta

Field tests were conducted in order to assess the effects on green forage yield of Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense L) in function of different levels of preirrigation soil moisture and water requirements, i.e. potential evapotranspiration (ETP). The highest green forage yield of Sudan grass (105.17 tons per hectare) was obtained by applying preirrigation soil moisture of 60-65% of FWC. That moisture level was concluded to be the technical minimum (TM) for this crop grown on a soil with medium mechanical texture. The quantity of water used for ETP in the case of preirrigation soil moisture of 60-65% FWC, amounting to 570 mm, may be considered as the water requirement of Sudan grass when grown under the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina Province.U ogledu, u poljskim uslovima, ispitivan je efekat različite predzalivne vlažnosti zemljišta na prinos zelene mase sudanske trave (Sorghum sudanense L). Takođe, utvrđene su potrebe ove biljne vrste za vodom, odnosno potencijalna evapotranspiracija (ETP). Ogled je izveden na Oglednom polju Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šančevima na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem lesne terase. Ogled je postavljen po metodu blok sistema i prilagođen uslovima navodnjavanja kišenjem. U ogledu su bile zastupljene varijante navodnjavanja sa predzalivnom vlažnošću zemljišta 60-65, 70-75 i 75-80% od poljskog vodnog kapaciteta (PVK), kao i kontrolna varijanta bez navodnjavanja. Vreme zalivanja određivano je praćenjem dinamike vlažnosti zemljišta termogravimetrijskom metodom. ETP za pojedine otkose i vegetacioni period sudanske trave određen je bilansiranjem potrošnje vode iz rezervi zemljišta, padavina u vegetacionom periodu i norme navodnjavanja. Na varijanti navodnjavanja sa predzalivnom vlažnošću zemljišta 60-65% od PVK postignut je najveći prinos zelene mase sudanske trave (105,17 t ha"1) i te vrednosti vlažnosti zemljišta predstavljaju predzalivnu vlažnost, odnosno tehnički minimum vlažnosti zemljišta za ovu biljnu vrstu kod zemljišta srednjeg mehaničkog sastava. Vrednosti utrošene vode na ETP na varijanti navodnjavanja sa predzalivnom vlažnošću zemljišta 60-65% od PVK od 570 mm mogu se smatrati i potrebama ove biljne vrste za vodom u klimatskim uslovima Vojvodine

Effects of irrigation on production and quality of dill, marigold and basil in different weather conditions

The application of irrigation soil is regulated and improved its water regime, where by improving production traits and growing conditions of plants which are produced on them, because of that, and for mitigation increasing and more frequent oscillations of weather conditions during the production years. The trial was conducted in irrigation medicinal, aromatic and spice herbs, whose representatives: dill, basil and marigold. The experiment was conducted on plots Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, in Bački Petrovac, central Vojvodina, during rainy 2016 and drought, 2017, in two variants: 1. control, without irrigation and 2. variant with irrigation drop by drop. The amount of added water or irrigation norm was determined by monitoring soil water balance, and amounted to 120 mm four watering 2016 and 300 mm in 10 watering drought in 2017. The effect of irrigation on yield it was noticed in both years, rainy 2016 from 8.36% in basil to 47.41% in dill and dry 2017, 78.59% at dill to 105.46% at marigold. In the conditions of irrigation, in both years of production, increased with yields of green mass and yields of essential oils and carotenoids, as the main indicators quality cultivated crops. Environmental conditions (weather and soil) have a significant effect on grain yield and quality in sweet basil (Pejić et al., 2017) and dill (Maksimović et al., 2018). Grain shows a tendency to increase in the years having a higher total amount and better distribution of rainfall during critical plant development stages. Irrigation in these phases is a crucial factor for the successful production of dill, marigold and basil

Management in irrigation of corn hybrids various maturities grown in climatic conditions of Serbia

Climatic conditions with uneven amounts and variable distribution of rainfall during growing season affect considerably yield performance and stability of crop production. Such conditions are present in Serbia, where droughts of various intensities occur in 80% of the years. Due to such conditions, corn yields are highly variable from year to year which occupies around 40% of the total arable land. The average yield of irrigated corn was 13. 05 t/ha, but of non irrigated corn 11. 14 t/ha. The effect of irrigation was thus 17%. The highest irrigation effect, 33%, was registered in 2007 and 2003 when the largest amount of irrigation water was applied. Regarding the maturity group, highest effects were registered in the FAO groups 500 and 600, 20%, and lowest effects were seen in the groups 300 and 400, 16 and 13%, respectively. Early corn hybrids mature in late August or early September and they avoid effects of drought that almost regularly occurs in August. With the later-maturing hybrids, the irrigation practice increased the yield by about 1 t/ha on average

Uticaj preparata 'Bebizea' na prinos kukuruza u uslovima sa i bez navodnjavanja

During 2002-2003, field trials were carried at the Rirnski Šančevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad to study the effects of the "Bebizea" stimulant preparation on yield and yield components of eight NS maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups in irrigated and unirrigated conditions. Seed treatment by the preparation had no statistically significant positive effect on yield, 1000-grain weight, grain moisture and cob percentage contribution, although in some of the hybrids these parameters were affected to a certain, insignificant extent. As a result of irrigation, the yield stabilized at a high level regardless of whether or not the maize had been treated with "Bebizea". Over the two study years, the increase of yield by irrigation averaged 34.88%.U cilju ispitivanja uticaja stimulativnog preparata "Bebizea" na prinos i elemente prinosa na oglednom polju Rimski Šančevi Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad u periodu od 2002-2003- godine izvedeni su poljski ogledi sa 8 NS-hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja u uslovima sa i bez navodnjavanja. Tretiranje kukuruza preparatom "Bebizea" nije imalo statistički značajno pozitivan efekat na prinos, masu 1000 zrna vlažnost zrna, masu klipa i udeo kočanke, mada je kod jednog broja NS hibrida beznačajno uticao na pomenute parametre. Navodnjavanjem je stabilizovan prinos kukuruza na visokom nivou bez obzira da li je kukuruz tretiran ili ne preparatom "Bebizea". Prosečno povećanje prinosa u ispitivanom periodu u navodnjavanju iznosio je 34,88%

USE OF WATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION IN TERMS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE

Serbia has favorable natural resources for successful agricultural production, except the amount of precipitation and its schedule during the vegetation period, which is a limiting factor for high yield and stable production. In such conditions, irrigation increases yield up to two times, and also stabilize the production which contributes to more productive use of natural resources and increases the competitiveness of agriculture. Drought, in more or less intensity, is expressed in about 80% of years when the loss of production in relation to irrigation amounts from 50% up to 80%, or the years with favorable conditions for Crop production. In addition to increasing yield, the irrigation contributes to intensify agricultural production, allows the change of the seed time structure in favor of high-cumulative plant species, production of two harvests per year etc. For this reason, the results of continuing research in use of water resources for irrigation are presented, so as their effect on the yield in farming and vegetable production and contribution to competitiveness of agriculture in relation to the other economic sectors

Comparative performance of winter and spring malting barleys in semiarid growing conditions

In Europe, during the 1960s, mainly two-rowed spring barley was used for malting. Traditionally, spring malting barley was produced in regions with moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall throughout the growing season. Winter malting barley, on the other hand, was mostly grown in the milder arid and semiarid parts of Europe. Due to global climatic changes and its higher yield, winter malting barley is now increasing in acreage in the traditional spring barley regions. Our study included a comparative analysis of several grain and malt characters of the winter and spring malting barley grown under the agroecological conditions of the Vojvodina Province, Yugoslavia. One thousand grain weight was shown to be approximately the same for both growth habits, whereas winter malting barley proved to have a higher hectoliter mass than the spring one. In those years that were less favorable for spring barley production, winter malting barley had better quality characters, namely a higher fine extract content, a better malt modification, and a lower malt protein content

Kontrola plodnosti zemljišta i utvrđivanje sadržaja štetnih i opasnih materija u zemljištima Vojvodine

With the aim to evaluate the general condition and possible degradation of soil in the Vojvodina Province, soil samples were collected from 1,600 locations. The main chemical properties of the soil, levels of harmful and hazardous substances, the abundance and enzymatic activity of microorganisms, and pesticide residues and the products of their degradation were studied. The health condition of irrigated soils was studied in particular, since salinity and alkalization occur frequently in irrigated fields. It can be concluded from the results that the soils of the Vojvodina Province are still suitable for the production of quality and safe food.U ovom radu ukratko su prikazani rezultati rada naučnih radnika Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo i Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, na Projektu "Kontrola plodnosti zemljišta i utvrđivanje sadržaja štetnih i opasnih materija u zemljištima Vojvodine" i rada na pilot "Osnovi zaštite, uređenja i korišćenja poljoprivrednog zemljišta za opštinu Bački Petrovac", koji su se odvijali u toku 1992. i 1993. god. U preko 3.000 uzoraka zemljišta analizirana su: osnovna hemijska svojstva zemljišta sadržaj opasnih i štetnih materija u zemljištu, brojnost i enzimatska aktivnost mikroorganizama, ostaci pesticida i produkti njihove degradacije u sistemima za navodnjavanje određivan je i salinitet zemljišta kao i sastav vodorastvorljivih i apsorbovanih katjona