Influence of zeolite on the fattening and slaughtering traits of pigs

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka prirodnog zeolita u hrani, Anivitala-SPS, na potencijal rasta i razvoja, konverziju hrane, klaonička svojstva i na zdravlje svinja. Istraživanje je provedeno na tovljenicima tropasminskim križancima između velikog jorkšira (VJ) i njemačkog landrasa (NjL) s majčine strane i pietrena (P) kao terminalne nerastovske pasmine. Svinje su bile razvrstane u tri skupine koje su se međusobno razlikovale prema sastavu smjesa koje su dobivale tijekom pokusa. U smjesi ST1 za svinje iz skupine P1 dodano je 3% Anivitala-SPS, dok je za svinje iz skupine P2 dodano 3% Anivitala-SPS, uz dodatak 1,4% masti. U smjesi ST2 za svinje iz skupine P1 dodano je 6% Anivitala-SPS, a za svinje iz skupine P2 smjesi je dodano 6% Anivitala-SPS i 3% masti. Tijekom pokusa provedena su kontrolna vaganja, a podaci dobiveni vaganjem svinja korišteni su za izračun prosječnih dnevnih i ukupnih prirasta tijekom tova. Na kraju prvog kontrolnog razdoblja (45. dan) skupine svinja P1 i P2 bile su statistički vrlo visoko značajno teže (P0,05) razlike između skupina. Prosječni dnevni prirasti razlikovali su se statistički vrlo visoko značajno (P0,05) na bitna kvalitativna svojstva svinjskih polovica.The aim of this research was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation of natural zeolite Anivital-SPS on growth and development potentials, food conversion, slaughtering traits and health status of pigs. The research was carried out on three-way crossbred fattening pigs, having Large White (LW) and German Landrace (GL) in the dam line and Pietrain (P) in the terminal sire line. Pigs were divided into three groups, which were given diets of different composition. The ST1 diets fed to P1 group contained 3% of Anivital-SPS, while the pigs of P2 group had diets with added 3% of Anivital-SPS and 1.4% of fat. The ST2 diets fed to pigs of P1 group contained 6% of Anivital-SPS, and pigs of the P2 group had diets supplemented with 6% of Anivital-SPS and 3% of fat. During the fattening period, pigs were weighed and data on weights were used in calculating average daily and total gains during fattening. At the end of the first fattening phase (45th day), the P1 and P2 groups were highly significantly heavier (P0.05) among groups. Average daily gains also differed significantly (P0.05) on quality traits of pig carcass

INFLUENCE OF BOAR GENOTYPE ON MEATINESS OF PIG CARCASS AND QUALITY OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Cilj istraživanja bio je ustanoviti utjecaj genotipa nerasta na mesnatost svinjskih polovica i kakvoću mišićnog tkiva. U tu svrhu ispitano je sedamdeset potomaka nerasta A, B, C, D i E, pasmine njemački landras. Za procjenu udjela svinjskog mesa u polovicama upotrebljen je obrazac: M(%) = 47,978 + (26,0429 x S/M) + (4,5154 x √M)-(2,5018 x logS) - (8,4212 x √S); gdje je M(%) = procijenjeni udio mišićnog tkiva, S - debljina slanine (mm), M = debljina mišića (mm). Od kvalitativnih pokazatelja mišićnog tkiva istražene su vrijednosti pH₁, i pH₂, sp.v.v. i boja mesa (Göfo-vrijednost). Mesnatost potomaka statistički je vrlo značajno (P<0,001) ovisila o genotipu nerasta i kretala se redoslijedom; 49,66, 47,03, 49,05, 50,25 i 48,47%- Kakvoća mišićnog tkiva potomaka bila je zadovoljavajuća.The aim of the research was to determine the influence of boar genotype on pig carcass meatiness and quality of muscle tissue. Seventy pigs, offspring of Geman Landrace boars A, B, C, D and E were examined for that purpose. The share of meat was estimated by the following formula: M%=47,978+(26,0429 x S/M)+(4,5154 x Mo⁰•⁵)-(2,5018 x log S)-(8,4212 x S⁰•⁵ ); where M()=evaluated share of muscle tissue, S = fat thickness (mm), M = muscle thickness (mm). Qualitative indicators measured in this research were pH₁, pH₂, w.h.c. and color of meat (Göfo value). The meatiness of the progeny significantly depended on boar genotype (P<0,001): 49,66, 47,03, 49,05, 50,25 and 48,47%, respectively. Meat quality of the progeny was satisfactory

BACTERIA AND FUNGI NUMBER IN THE AIR OF AN INDUSTRIAL BREEDING PIGGERY AND ON A FAMILY AGRICULTURAL HUSBANDRY

Istraživanje je obavljeno u prasilištu na farmi s industrijskim načinom držanja i na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu. Određivani su osnovni pokazatelji mikroklime, temperatura i relativna vlaga zraka, brzina strujanja zraka, osvijetljenost, koncentracija amonijaka i ugljičnog dioksida te sadržaj bakterija i gljivica u zraku. Mjerenja su obavljana tijekom dva proljetna mjeseca, na pet mjesta duž srednjeg hodnika, u biozoni životinja. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na statistički značajnu razliku u broju bakterija i gljivica između dva sustava držanja. U intenzivnom sustavu držanja izmjereno je 1,19x10³ do 6,04x10³ CFU/m³, a gljivica 0,04x10² do 1,43x10² CFU/m³. U isto vrijeme u zraku nastambe na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu izmjereno je bakterija 16,80x10³ do 33,60x10³ CFU/m³. Gljivica je bilo 1,10x10² do 4,80x10² CFU/m³.Research was conducted in piggery on an industrial breeding farm and on a family agricultural husbandry. Basic microclimate factors, air temperature, humidity, air velocity, lighthing, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentration were determined as well as the bacteria and fungi content in the air. Measuring was done during two spring months, on five spots along the central hall, in animal biozone. The obtained show a statistically significant difference in bacteria and fungi number between two housing systems. In intensive housing from 1.19x10³ to 6.04x10³ CFU/m³ bacteria, and from 0.04x10² to 1.43x10² CFU/m³ fungi were found. At the same time in the air of the family husbandry pig house bacteria numbered from 16.80x10³ to 33.60x10³ CFU/m³. Fungi numbered from 1.10x10² to 4.80x10² CFU/m³

BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILE OF DAIRY GOATS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION

Analiza metaboličkog profila mliječnih koza provedena je na jednom ekološkom gospodarstvu od 30 koza, francuske alpina pasmine, u ranoj laktaciji. Sadržaj glukoze (3,17 mmol/l) u krvnoj plazmi koza ukazuje na zadovoljavajuću opskrbu životinja energijom, a sadržaj ureje (2,76 mmol/l) na nešto slabiju opskrbu bjelančevinama. Koncentracije mineralnih tvari (Na, K, Cl, Mg i Ca) i anion gap u krvnoj plazmi koza ukazuju na dobru opskrbljenost koza mineralima. Vrijednosti acidobaznog statusa krvi (pH, parcijalni tlak kisika- pO2, parcijalni tlak ugljičnog dioksida- pCO2 i sadržaj bikarbonata-HCO3 -) kreću se u granicama referentnih vrijednosti za koze. Koncentracije nekih hematoloških parametara (hemoglobin i hema-tokrit) u krvnoj plazmi koza kretale su se u granicama referentnih vrijednosti za koze. Rezultati ovih istraživanja pokazuju da bi obroke mliječnih koza u ranoj laktaciji u ekološkoj proizvodnji trebalo poja-čati bjelančevinama te da se metabolički profil može uzeti kao vrlo dobar pokazatelj hranidbenog statusa i zdravstvenog stanja koza.Analyses of metabolic profile of dairy goats were made on 30 French Alpine goats on the organic production in the early lactation period. The average blood glucose level (3.17 mmol/l) in the goats confirmed sufficient energy supply, but the plasma urea level (2.76 mmol/l) showed a lower protein delivery. Mineral concentrations (Na, K, Cl, Mg and Ca) and anion gap in the goats blood showed adequate mineral supply. Acid-base status values (pH, the partial pressure of oxygen- pO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide- pCO2, actual bicarbonate- HCO3 -) ranged within physiological limits for dairy goats. Hematological concentrations (hemoglobin and hematocrit) in the goats blood ranged within physiological limits for dairy goats. Results indicate a low protein ration composition in the early lactation period in organic goats production. Blood metabolic profile can be a useful parameter for evaluation of nutritive and health status of dairy goats

CARCASS QUALITY OF PIGS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES ON FAMILY FARMS

Within the project titled “Optimal pig production models on family farms of eastern Croatia”, researches have been curried on in several family farms from three counties. Together with establishing the current state, researches on the possibilities of improvement of reproductive, production and other quality traits of pigs have been started. This improvement should be reached by getting the suitable sires and dams whose crosses (2- and 3-way crossbreeds) would give fattening pigs with satisfying lean meat yield. Fattenng pigs as final products of pig productions were monitored in this study. Carcass quality of 1592 fattening pigs from 6 family farms were determined at the slaughter line during 1999 and 2000 year. The highest shares of lean meat determined by “two points” according to current national regulations method (1999) have been founded in Hypor hybrid pigs (55.49%, n=51) and 3-way crossbreeds (SLxLW)xP (55.28%, n=692). Markedly lower results have been recorded in GLxSL and SLxGL crossbred pigs (50.37%, n=204); GLxP (50.34%, n=195); GL and GLxP (49.00%, n=96); SLxGL and GLxSL (47.51%, n=354). Poorer results achieved at those four farms could be explained by evidently inapropriate feeding of fattening pigs which should, regarding the genotype, yield in higher share of lean meat