Smart Acknowledgement Distributed Channel Access Scheme for TCP in MANETs

TCP upon wireless networks is most challenging issue because of random losses and ACK interference. Also, TCP suffers from performance declination in terms of creating delay and overhead in network because of poor characteristics of wireless channel. In order to overcome these issues, we proposed a Smart Acknowledgement Distributed Channel Access (SADCA) scheme for TCP in MANETs. In the proposed scheme, first a separate Access Category (AC) for data less TCP acknowledgement packets is used and then it is assigned with highest priority. In this way, delay during transmission of packet can be reduced and also packet can be acknowledged immediately. Also, to increase the performance, delay window size can be adjusted by considering the parameters such as transmission rate, number of hops, and channel occupied ratio (COR). Hence the proposed scheme helps to avoid any kind of delay and overhead for sending TCP acknowledgemen

Secure and Energy Efficient Distributed Routing protocol using GA-BWO for Large Scale WSNs

Large scale wireless sensor network (LS-WSN)is one of the important parts in modern-daycommunication that employing low-cost sensor devices with different environmental and physicalparameters. The secure communication path between the base station and sensor nodes are built withthe help of an efficient routing protocol. In the past years, the existing protocols met few difficulties interms of higher computational complexity, poor cluster head selection performance, higher energyconsumption, lower security, expensive in cluster head selection, scalability management, and unevenload distribution, and so on.In this paper, Secure Energy-Efficient Distributed (SEED) protocol withmultiple sink nodes was developed to select the best residual energy. secure path selection usinggenetic algorithm mutation (GA)with black widow optimization (BWO) approach.The novel routingprotocol is named as GA-BWO-SEED. Particularly, the mutation phase of the conventional BWOalgorithm is improved with the help of direction average strategy of genetic algorithm. Further,thefuzzy logic system (FLC) selects the most relevant and optima cluster heads. The simulationresults shows that the proposed GA-BWO-SEED method demonstrates optimal performance outputamong all other methods

Fasting and Post Prandial Monitoring of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-Iv (Dpp-Iv) – A Biomarker To Assess Incretin Response In Type-2 Diabetes

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) could serve as a potential biomarker in monitoring the disease progression and improvement on treatment. To investigate fasting & post prandial response of DPP-IV enzyme as indirect marker of incretin response failure after chronic treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes. The study included twelve nondiabetic subjects, ten patients with glycosylated hemoglobin values (6-8 %) and fifteen patients with glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 8 % of type-2 diabetes patients of either sex with metformin treatment above 3 years were recruited. Fasting and post prandial DPP-IV levels were calculated. HbA1c was used to assess diabetes status. DPP-IV activity (fasting) in type 2 diabetic subjects with HbA1c> 8 % was significantly higher DPP-IV (44.67 ± 2.19 U/l) than in non diabetic subjects (24.39 ± 3.97 U/l). A significant correlation between DPP-IV (fasting / post prandial) and HbA1c (r = 0.821 & r = 0.732, P< 0.01) was observed in both diabetic (HbA1c 6-8, HbA1c < 8) patients. Hyperglycemia induces significant increase in serum DPP-IV activity in fasting condition and might contribute to the reduction in active glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) in type 2 diabetic subjects. In normal subjects during post prandial condition, there is sudden increase followed by decrease of GLP-1 due t

Spatial Day Light Autonomy and Energy Analysis of a Residential Building for Different Climatic Conditions and Window-to-Wall Ratios

Building envelope of the structures plays a crucial role in the energy consumption. To decrease the amount of Energy Consumption in Building, Energy saving materials and Optimal sizing of Openings to be selected. In this aspect a model is simulated by using the Design Builder Software to Analyse the Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Thermal Comfort and Annual Energy Consumption. Windows impact the heat exchanges between indoor environment and outdoor environment. This possibly permit a proper utilization of solar energy. The research aims to investigate the influence of window-to-wall ratio in different of different climate conditions in India which has been introduced as hot dry, hot humid and moderate climates. The research has studied the most possible window-to-wall ration in the region based on previous work 5%, 10%,15% and 20% out of the faced surface area of the building. This paper sketch out the modus operandi and the alike results of an analysis which targets to find out the ideal size of the glazed surface, which permits the minimum amount of overall energy consumption and determining the efficient building materials .The analyses and simulation procedures were performed using Design Builder software and the window dimensions are calculated in terms of the ratio between the glazed surface to the gross facade area, defined as window to wall ratio (WWR)