43 research outputs found
Cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation. The impact of treatment with cyclosporine A
Renal transplantation is presently the renal replacement therapy ol choice lor most
patients suffering lrom end-stage renal lailure, mainly because ol the gain in quality ol lile
after successlul allografting. During the past decade the results ol renal transplantation, in
terms ol incidence ol rejection episodes and graft loss because ol acute rejection, have
improved substantially due to the introduction ol cyclosporine A. However, it appears that,
despite the decrease in morbidity rates lollowing renal transplantation, in the long run the
improvement in patient survival is rather limited (1).The success in terms ol graft survival
wilhout a parallel improvement in patient survival, also emphasizes th at comorbid
conditions such as cardiovascular disease, become increasingly important lor the longterm
prospeets ol this patient group
Beneficial effects of conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine on fibrinolysis in renal transplant recipients
Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been implicated as one of the factors contributing
to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after renal
transplantation. This may be mediated by either a high prevalence of
conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as hypertension,
hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus, or by impairment of the
fibrinolytic activity evoked by CsA, possibly through interference with
prostanoid metabolism. We therefore assessed the impact of conversion of
CsA to azathioprine immunosuppressive treatment on parameters of
fibrinolytic activity and plasma concentration of the prostanoids
prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in 18 stable renal transplant
recipients. During CsA, mean arterial pressure and serum creatinine were
significantly higher than during azathioprine (116+/-15 mm Hg versus
106+/-13 mm Hg, P=0.0003; and 147+/-34 micromol/L versus 127+/-35
micromol/L, P=0.002; mean+/-SD). On conversion, the plasma tissue
plasminogen activator activity increased from 1.2 (1.1 to 1.7; median, 95%
CI) to 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) IU/mL (P=0.011), without a significant change of
the plasminogen activator antigen concentration. This was associated with
a substantial decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity from
10.4 (8.5 to 16.7) to 6.4 (5.6 to 9.2) IU/mL (P=0.009). Furthermore,
plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 markedly decreased
(from 9.7 [7.4 to 12.9] to 4.6 [4.3 to 8.1] pg/mL, P=0.0006; and from
106.1 [91.7 to 214.2] to 70.2 [50.3 to 85.6] pg/mL, P=0.002,
respectively). During CsA, but not azathioprine, plasma tissue plasminogen
activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels correlated
significantly with prostaglandin E2 (r=0.53, P=0.02; and r=0.60, P=0.008,
respectively), and thromboxane B2 (r=0.75, P=0.0001; and r=0.77, P=0.0001,
respectively) levels. In conclusion, CsA induced substantial impairment of
fibrinolytic activity, which recovered after conversion to azathioprine.
The impaired fibrinolysis observed during CsA treatment may be caused by
modulation of eicosanoid production or metabolism in vascular endothelial
cells and possibly contributes to the high incidence of cardiovascular
disease after kidney transplantation
Напрями державної підтримки вітчизняної агарної сфери в контексті формування продовольчої безпеки держави та її регіонів
Метою статті є окреслення орієнтирів державної підтримки вітчизняної аграрної сфери з метою
підвищення продовольчої безпеки регіонів
Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI
Purpose: Metabolic syndrome in patients with morbid obesity causes a higher cardiovascular morbidity, eventually leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard modality for treatment of morbid obesity and might even lead to improved cardiac function. Our objective is to investigate whether cardiac function in patients with morbid obesity improves after RYGB. Materials and Methods: In this single center pilot study, 15 patients with an uneventful cardiac history who underwent RYGB were included from May 2015 to March 2016. Cardiac function was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), performed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. LVEF and myocardial mass and cardiac output were measured. Results: A total of 13 patients without decreased LVEF preoperative completed follow-up (mean age 37, 48.0 ± 8.8). There was a significant decrease of cardiac output 12 months postoperative (8.3 ± 1.8 preoperative vs. 6.8 ± 1.8 after 12 months, P = 0.001). Average myocardial mass declined by 15.2% (P < 0.001). After correction for body surface area (BSA), this appeared to be non-significant (P = 0.36). There was a significant improvement of LVEF/BSA at 6 and 12 months postoperative (26.2 ± 4.1 preoperative vs. 28.4 ± 3.4 and 29.2 ± 3.6 respectively, both P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a significant improvement of stroke volume/BSA 12 months after surgery (45.8 ± 8.0 vs. 51.9 ± 10.7, P = 0.033). Conclusion: RYGB in patients with morbid obesity with uneventful history of cardiac disease leads to improvement of cardiac function
Short- and long-term functional effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in hemodialysis vascular access
The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is usually
expressed as the angiographic result. Access flow (Qa) measurements offer
a means to quantify the functional effects. This study was performed to
evaluate the short-term functional and angiographic effects of PTA and to
determine the longevity of the functional effects during the follow-up
period. Patients with an arteriovenous graft (AVG) or an arteriovenous
fistula (AVF) who were eligible for PTA (Qa values of <600 ml/min) were
included. Ultrasound-dilution Qa measurements were obtained shortly before
PTA and periodically after PTA, beginning 1 wk after the procedure. The
short-term effects were expressed as the increase in Qa and the reduction
of stenosis. The long-term effects were expressed as patency and the
decrease in Qa after PTA. Ninety-eight PTA procedures for 60 patients (65
AVG and 33 AVF) were analyzed. Qa improved from 371 +/- 17 to 674 +/- 30
ml/min for AVG and from 304 +/- 24 to 638 +/- 51 ml/min for AVF (both P <
0.0001). In 66% (AVG) and 50% (AVF) of cases, Qa increased to levels of
>600 ml/min. The degree of stenosis decreased from 65 +/- 3 to 17 +/- 2%
for AVG and from 72 +/- 5 to 23 +/- 7% for AVF (both P < 0.005). The
reduction of stenosis was not correlated with DeltaQa (r(2) = 0.066).
Six-month unassisted patency rates after PTA were 25% for AVG and 50% for
AVF. The decreases in Qa were 3.7 +/- 0.8 ml/min per d for AVG and 1.8 +/-
0.9 ml/min per d for AVF. Qa values before PTA and DeltaQa were correlated
with the subsequent decrease in Qa (P < 0.005). In conclusion, Qa
increases after PTA but, in a substantial percentage of cases, not to
levels of >600 ml/min. Qa values before PTA and the increase in Qa were
correlated with long-term outcomes, whereas angiographic results were not.
These data, combined with literature data, suggest that there is optimal
timing for PTA
Development of the Rotterdam Renal Replacement Knowledge-Test (R3K-T)
Introduction: There is currently a lack of validated or standardized measures to test the level of knowledge among renal patients regarding kidney disease and available treatment options. We conducted a pilot study to develop a questionnaire measuring knowledge of kidney disease, dialysis and transplantation options. The main aim of this study was to develop such an instrument for further use in research and practice.
Method: An initial 61 item pool was generating by searching the literature and consulting experts in this area for additional items. This questionnaire was completed by 182 renal disease patients from 4 dialysis centers in the Rotterdam municipality. A factor analysis was conducted using the maximum likelihood factor method followed by direct oblimin rotation to obtain variance explained by each factor. Questions that loaded ≥ .30 on a factor were included.
Results: Twenty-seven patients (24%) were in the pre-RRT phase, 60 (54%) were undergoing haemodialysis, 16 (14%) were undergoing peritoneal dialysis, and 9 (8%) had a graft failure. Forty (36%) were female and 72 (64%) were male. Age range 19-87 (median = 59). A factor analys
The effect of online hemodiafiltration on infections: Results from the CONvective TRAnsport STudy
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have a high risk of infections. The uremic milieu has a negative impact on several immune responses. Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) may reduce the risk of infections by ameliorating the uremic milieu through enhanced clearance of middle molecules. Since there are few data on infectious outcomes in HDF, we compared the effects of HDF with low-flux HD on the incidence and type of infections. Patients and Methods: We used data of the 714 HD patients (age 64 ±14, 62% men, 25% Diabetes Mellitus, 7% catheters) participating in the CONvective TRAnsport STudy (CONTRAST), a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of HDF as compared to low-flux HD. The events were adjudicated by an independent event committee. The risk of infectious events was compared with Cox regression for repeated events and Cox proportional hazard models. The distributions of types of infection were compared between the groups. Results: Thirty one percent of the patients suffered from one or more infections leading to hospitalization during the study (median follow-up 1.96 years). The risk for infections during the entire follow-up did not differ significantly between treatment arms (HDF 198 and HD 169 infections in 800 and 798 person-years respectively, hazard ratio HDF vs. HD 1.09 (0.88-1.34), P = 0.42. No difference was found in the occurrence of the first infectious event (either fatal, nonfatal or type specific). Of all infections, respiratory infections (25% in HDF, 28% in HD) were most common, followed by skin/musculoskeletal infections (21% in HDF, 13% in HD). Conclusions: HDF as compared to HD did not result in a reduced risk of infections, larger studies are needed to confirm our findings. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00205556
Implementation of the kidney team at home intervention:Evaluating generalizability, implementation process, and effects
Research has shown that a home-based educational intervention for patients with chronic kidney disease results in better knowledge and communication, and more living donor kidney transplantations (LDKT). Implementation research in the field of renal care is almost nonexistent. The aims of this study were (1) to demonstrate generalizability, (2) evaluate the implementation process, and (3) to assess the relationship of intervention effects on LDKT-activity. Eight hospitals participated in the project. Patients eligible for all kidney replacement therapies (KRT) were invited to participate. Effect outcomes were KRT-knowledge and KRT-communication, and treatment choice. Feasibility, fidelity, and intervention costs were assessed as part of the process evaluation. Three hundred and thirty-two patients completed the intervention. There was a significant increase in KRT-knowledge and KRT-communication among participants. One hundred and twenty-nine out of 332 patients (39%) had LDKT-activity, which was in line with the results of the clinical trials. Protocol adherence, knowledge, and age were correlated with LDKT-activity. This unique implementation study shows that the results in practice are comparable to the previous trials, and show that the intervention can be implemented, while maintaining quality. Results from the project resulted in the uptake of the intervention in standard care. We urge other countries to investigate the uptake of the intervention
Serum magnesium and sudden death in European hemodialysis patients
Despite suggestions that higher serum magnesium (Mg) levels are associated with improved outcome, the association with mortality in European hemodialysis (HD) patients has only scarcely been investigated. Furthermore, data on the association between serum Mg and sudden death in this patient group is limited. Therefore, we evaluated Mg in a posthoc analysis using pooled data from the CONvective TRAnsport STudy (CONTRAST, NCT00205556), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the survival risk in dialysis patients on hemodiafiltration (HDF) compared to HD with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Serum Mg was measured at baseline and 6, 12, 24 and 36 months thereafter. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for confounders using inverse probability weighting, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of baseline serum Mg on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, non-cardiovascular mortality and sudden death. A generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate Mg levels over time. Out of 714 randomized patients, a representative subset of 365 (51%) were analyzed in the present study. For every increase in baseline serum Mg of 0.1 mmol/L, the HR for all-cause mortality was 0.85 (95% CI 0.77-94), the HR for cardiovascular mortality 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.85) and for sudden death 0.76 (95% CI 0.62-0.93). These findings did not alter after extensive correction for potential confounders, including treatment modality. Importantly, no interaction was found between serum phosphate and serum Mg. Baseline serum Mg was not related to non-cardiovascular mortality. Mg decreased slightly but statistically significant over time (Ä -0.011 mmol/L/year, 95% CI -0.017 to -0.009, p = 0.03). In short, serum Mg has a strong, independent association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and sudden death in European HD patients. Serum Mg levels decrease slightly over time