Texture spectrum coupled with entropy and homogeneity image features for myocardium muscle characterization

People in middle/later age often suffer from heart muscle damage due to coronary artery disease associated to myocardial infarction. In young people, the genetic forms of cardiomyopathies (heart muscle disease) are the utmost protuberant cause of myocardial disease. Accurate early detected information regarding the myocardial tissue structure is a key answer for tracking the progress of several myocardial diseases. The present work proposes a new method for myocardium muscle texture classification based on entropy, homogeneity and on the texture unit-based texture spectrum approaches. Entropy and homogeneity are generated in moving windows of size 3x3 and 5x5 to enhance the texture features and to create the premise of differentiation of the myocardium structures. Texture is then statistically analyzed using the texture spectrum approach. Texture classification is achieved based on a fuzzy c–means descriptive classifier. The noise sensitivity of the fuzzy c–means classifier is overcome by using the image features. The proposed method is tested on a dataset of 80 echocardiographic ultrasound images in both short-axis and long-axis in apical two chamber view representations, for normal and infarct pathologies. The results established that the entropy-based features provided superior clustering results compared to homogeneity

Local or External Databases in Android Programming. A Practical Comparative Study

Currently, databases are used in the programming process of software applications. In a computer machine, a database associated to a software application can be localized either at the local or at external level. This paper aims to present, analyze and discuss various methods used to access and operate both the local and external databases from Android programming code and also to provide concrete examples in this respect. An Android software application that simulate the virtual class book has been developed. An external database is used for data storage. The advantages and disadvantages of using both database types are presente

Dispersive optical solitons with DWDM topology and multiplicative white noise

The primary objective of this research is to investigate and analyze the intricate dynamics exhibited by dispersive optical soliton solutions within dispersion-flattened fibers while considering the impact of white noise. By examining this phenomenon, the study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the behavior and characteristics of these solitons, which are essential in the field of optical communication. A wide range of soliton solutions is obtained by the extended auxiliary equation procedure and the unified Riccati equation scheme, which are two powerful methods employed in the field of nonlinear dynamics and soliton theory to obtain a diverse array of soliton solutions. These techniques enable researchers to explore and analyze a wide range of complex nonlinear phenomena in various physical systems. This wide range of soliton solutions contributes to a deeper understanding of nonlinear phenomena and provides valuable insights into the fundamental properties and applications of solitons in different areas of science and engineering, including optics, fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and condensed matter physics. White noise only affects the phase part of the solitons and does not spread to other components. Such conclusions are applicable only under the specific transformation and the special simplification employed in deriving the solutions in the paper. The existence of white noise does not change the soliton amplitudes, widths, or velocities in any component. This paper is the first to report an essential observation concerning dispersion-flattened fibers, which has never been reported before

Dynamical system of optical soliton parameters by variational principle (super-Gaussian and super-sech pulses)

The parameter dynamics of super-sech and super-Gaussian pulses for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation with power-law nonlinearity is obtained in this article. The variational principle successfully recovers this dynamical system. The details of the variational principle with the implementation of the Euler–Lagrange’s equation to the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation with power-law of nonlinearity described in this paper have not been previously reported