130 research outputs found

    The use of games in the english classroom

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    This study aims at discussing the use of games in English teaching. We talk about games is general, meaning electronic games and non-electronic games. In a time when video games are more popular than ever, games have become a way to engage people in different activities, learning languages being of them. In order to achieve the objective, firstly this work analyzes the definitions of games through the years. Then, it analyzes what is said about games in English teaching methodology manuals and presents a survey done with English teachers to find out what their perceptions about games in the classroom are. By the manuals, the conclusion is that games in the classroom used to be simple, barely discussed, and mostly used with children. Now, since games have become more popular, the discussion and the complexity of games in the classroom are growing, and adults also show interest on learning by using games.Esse estudo tem por objetivo discutir o uso de jogos no ensino de inglês. Falamos sobre jogos em geral, tanto jogos eletrônicos como não eletrônicos. Em um tempo em que videogames são mais populares do que nunca, jogos se tornaram uma maneira de engajar pessoas em diferentes atividades, sendo o aprendizado de línguas uma delas. Para alcançar o objetivo, primeiramente são analisadas as definições de jogos ao longo do tempo. Então, é analisado o que é dito sobre jogos nos manuais de metodologia de Ensino de inglês e apresentamos uma pesquisa feita com professores de inglês com o intuito de descobrir quais são suas percepções sobre jogos na sala de aula. Analisando os manuais, a conclusão é que jogos na sala de aula costumavam ser simples, praticamente não eram discutidos, e majoritariamente usados com crianças. Agora, uma vez que jogos se tornaram mais populares, a discussão e a complexidade dos jogos na sala de aula estão crescendo, e adultos também mostram interesse em aprender usando jogos

    La production culturelle à l'ère de la convergence au Québec : analyse de la circulation d'Occupation Double de Quebecor

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    Ce mémoire est consacré à la production culturelle en contexte de convergence au Québec. Dans le premier chapitre, je démontre comment différents éléments en sont venus à façonner la production culturelle contemporaine québécoise et comment la convergence médiatique est susceptible d’orienter la production et la parution de textes culturels. J'y expose aussi les bases d'une approche de la circulation par le biais de laquelle je propose de construire théoriquement mon objet d'étude. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la démarche méthodologique qui a présidé ma recherche. J'y présente d'abord le terrain de l'analyse, soit la téléréalité Occupation Double, en tant que phénomène intertextuel dont j'étudie les diverses configurations sur et à travers les principales plates-formes de Quebecor. Je poursuis en décrivant la constitution du corpus de textes à l'étude ainsi que les principaux paramètres d'analyse inspirés de la théorie de la circulation et de la méthode intertextuelle privilégiée. Le troisième chapitre rend compte des résultats d’analyse, présentant deux circuits médiatiques m’ayant permis d’observer les possibilités d’émergence de personnages construits autour des concurrents de la téléréalité Occupation Double. J’initie par la suite une piste de réflexion sur la création de zones d’intimité performées par ces mêmes personnages. En conclusion, je fais un retour sur l’évolution de mes recherches et constats et propose une réflexion sur l’intimité performée et les genres possiblement pressentis pour l’endosser.This thesis is devoted to cultural production in the context of convergence in Quebec. In the first chapter, I demonstrate how different elements have come to shape the contemporary cultural production in Quebec and how media convergence may influence the production and publication of cultural texts. I also expose the foundations of an approach of circulation through which I propose to construct theoretically the subject of my study. The second chapter is devoted to the methodological approach that led to my research. I first presented the field of analysis, the reality TV Occupation Double, as an intertextual phenomenon which I study the various configurations across the main platforms of Quebecor. I continue by describing the corpus of texts under study and the main parameters of analysis inspired by the theory of circulation and the chosen intertextual method. The third chapter reveals the results of analysis, with two media channels which allowed me to observe the possibilities of emergence of characters built around the contestants in reality TV Occupation Double. I initiate a subsequent line of thought on the creation of zones of intimacy performed by these characters. In conclusion, I look back on the evolution of my research and findings and offer a reflection on performed intimacy and possibly approached types to endorse it

    Analyse des perceptions et attitudes des adolescents par rapport à la science et à son enseignement : suivi d'une étude des modes de travail et des productions réalisées dans le cadre du projet jeunes communicateurs scientifiques

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    La présente thèse a comme toile de fond le courant contemporain militant pour l'intégration de la culture scientifique dans l'enseignement des sciences. Ce courant s'appuie d'abord sur l'idée que l'éducation à la culture scientifique et technologique est essentielle à la formation de tout citoyen et que l'école est le lieu idéal à son développement. Il défend également la thèse selon laquelle l'intégration de la culture scientifique à l'enseignement des sciences est un moyen des plus intéressants pour moderniser l'enseignement de cette matière et conséquemment pour mousser l'intérêt des jeunes envers la science. Déjà au Québec, au moins cinq projets éducatifs visant à intégrer la culture scientifique dans le curriculum de l'enseignement des sciences au secondaire ont été répertoriés. Toutefois, un seul de ces projets -le projet Jeunes communicateurs scientifiques (JCS) -a amorcé un processus d'évaluation respectant ainsi la recommandation de base des spécialistes en évaluation de programme, c'est-à-dire celle de soumettre tout nouveau programme à une forme d'évaluation. Le projet JCS a donc retenu notre attention et la présente thèse s'est donnée comme objectif principal de finaliser l'évaluation de mise en oeuvre amorcée par Lussier-Desrochers (2005). Lors de la première phase de l'évaluation, Lussier-Desrochers a confirmé la faisabilité du projet, mais également sa capacité d'atteindre les objectifs visés et d'induire un haut taux de satisfaction tant chez les élèves que chez les enseignants participants. S'inspirant de la littérature, mais également de deux des recommandations formulées par Lussier-Desrochers, la présente recherche retient deux objectifs spécifiques. Le premier est de porter une attention particulière aux perceptions et attitudes des élèves du secondaire par rapport à la science et à son enseignement. Deux sous-objectifs y sont associés: a) tracer un portrait des perceptions et attitudes d'un petit groupe de jeunes québécois envers la science et son enseignement, et b) vérifier l'influence de projets éducatifs novateurs sur ces perceptions et attitudes. Le second objectif spécifique retenu vise à développer des outils capables a) de retracer les modes de travail utilisés par les élèves tout au long de leur participation au projet JCS, b) d'évaluer les productions complexes et atypiques demandées (des capsules radiophoniques ou télévisuelles de vulgarisation scientifique) et c) de procéder à un relevé des apprentissages tels que rapportés par les élèves. En lien avec le premier objectif, un questionnaire est développé pour évaluer les perceptions et les attitudes des élèves par rapport à la science et son enseignement au secondaire. Ce questionnaire est administré à deux reprises (en début et en fin d'armée) à deux groupes d'élèves du secondaire (N = 98) participant à l'un ou l'autre de deux projets novateurs en enseignement des sciences. Les résultats de la première passation permettent de constater que l'intérêt pour la science et les cours de sciences est présent chez un bon nombre d'élèves et que les activités pédagogiques les plus prisées sont celles qui appellent les élèves à être actifs et dans lesquelles une place est laissée aux interactions sociales. Les résultats obtenus lors de la deuxième passation ne permettent pas de conclure que la participation à l'un ou l'autre des projets vient modifier à la hausse les perceptions et attitudes des jeunes envers la science et les cours de sciences. En lien avec le deuxième objectif, deux outils ont été adaptés et un troisième nouvellement développé. Les deux outils adaptés (les entrevues d'équipe et la grille d'auto-évaluation des compétences) ont permis de colliger des données sur les modes de travail des équipes et sur les apprentissages réalisés à la suite d'une participation au projet JCS. L'outil nouvellement élaboré (la grille d'évaluation des productions) a, pour sa part, permis d'évaluer la qualité des productions radiophoniques et télévisuelles produites par l'ensemble des équipes (N = 28) ayant participé au projet JCS depuis le début de son implantation. L'analyse des modes de travail nous a permis de constater que les stratégies de travail des élèves sont variées et que les élèves ont, la plupart du temps, distribué équitablement le travail. En lien avec la question des apprentissages, les élèves s'entendent pour dire qu'ils sont surtout liés à la production d'une capsule télé ou radio et au thème qu'ils ont choisi de traiter. Les résultats associés à la grille d'évaluation des productions permettent de conclure que les élèves de troisième et de quatrième secondaire sont clairement aptes à produire des topos de vulgarisation scientifique de bonne qualité. L'application de la grille a également permis d'identifier les points forts et les points faibles de chacune des productions et aussi de les discriminer entre elles en fonction de leur qualité globale. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Culture scientifique, Adolescents, Enseignement des sciences, Partenariat éducatif, Évaluation de mise en oeuvre (ou d'implantation)

    Safety and efficacy of belimumab after B cell depletion therapy in systemic LUPUS erythematosus (BEAT-LUPUS) trial: statistical analysis plan.

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    BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence that rituximab, a B cell depletion therapy, is an effective treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Data on the mechanisms of B cell depletion in SLE indicate that the combination of rituximab and belimumab may be more effective than rituximab alone. The safety and efficacy of belimumab after B cell depletion therapy in systemic LUPUS erythematosus (BEAT-LUPUS) trial aims to determine whether belimumab is superior to placebo, when given 4-8 weeks after treatment with rituximab. This article describes the statistical analysis plan for this trial as an update to the published protocol. It is written prior to the end of patient follow-up, while the outcome of the trial is still unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS: BEAT-LUPUS is a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial of 52 weeks of belimumab versus placebo, initiated 4-8 weeks after rituximab treatment. The primary outcome is anti-dsDNA antibodies at 52 weeks post randomisation. Secondary outcomes include lupus flares and damage, adverse events, doses of concomitant medications, quality of life, and clinical biomarkers. We describe the trial's clinical context, outcome measures, sample size calculation, and statistical modelling strategy, and the supportive analyses planned to evaluate for mediation of the treatment effect through changes in concomitant medication doses and bias from missing data. DISCUSSION: The analysis will provide detailed information on the safety and effectiveness of belimumab. It will be implemented from July 2020 when patient follow-up and data collection is complete. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: 47873003 . Registered on 28 November 2016. EudracT: 2015-005543-14 . Registered on 19 November 2018

    Ambitious environmental and economic goals for the future of agriculture are unequally achieved by innovative cropping systems

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    International audienceAgriculture has to face huge challenges in the decades ahead. Four innovative cropping systems were assessed ina “cropping system experiment” in the Ile-de-France region (France) from 2009 to 2014. Three were designed tomeet ambitious goals: the total elimination of pesticides (No-Pest), reducing fossil energy consumption by 50%(L-EN), or decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50% (L-GHG). They were also required to satisfy awide range of environmental criteria and to maximize yields whilst respecting the major constraint on the systemand the environmental targets set. A fourth system (PHEP), in which the environmental and yield targets wereachieved with no major constraint, was also assessed. After completion of the first full crop sequence for theseinnovative systems, the results obtained indicated that it was possible to design and implement innovativesystems achieving multiple goals. In our field trial conditions, the pesticide and energy constraints were almostsatisfied, whereas the GHG target was missed by a considerable margin. All four innovative systems satisfiedenvironmental criteria in terms of N management, pesticide use, energy consumption and crop diversity.However, herbicide treatment frequency index (TFIH) was higher than expected in the two systems with no-plowpractices, L-EN and L-GHG. In the pesticide-free system, soil organic matter content was lower than expected,due to frequent plowing (every 2 years) and low residue levels as a result of the lower yields obtained. Yieldswere lower for the L-EN system than for the reference system, and yield was variable in the L-GHG system. Theseinnovative systems had better environmental performances than the systems currently used in the Ile-de-Franceregion, with no decrease in gross margins

    29 % N2O emission reduction from a modelled low-greenhouse gas cropping system during 2009-2011

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    Atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas (GHG), is rising largely due to agriculture. At the plot scale, N2O emissions from crops are known to be controlled by local agricultural practices such as fertilisation, tillage and residue management. However, knowledge of greenhouse gas emissions at the scale of the cropping system is scarce, notably because N2O monitoring is time consuming. Strategies to reduce impact of farming on climate should therefore be sought at the cropping system level. Agro-ecosystem models are simple alternative means to estimate N2O emissions. Here, we combined ecosystem modelling and field measurements to assess the effect of agronomic management on N2O emissions. The model was tested with series of daily to monthly N2O emission data. It was then used to evaluate the N2O abatement potential of a low-emission system designed to halve greenhouse gas emissions in comparison with a system with high productivity and environmental performance. We found a 29 % N2O abatement potential for the low-emission system compared with the high-productivity system. Among N2O abatement options, reduction in mineral fertiliser inputs was the most effective

    Randomised Double-Blind Trial of Combination Antibiotic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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    Objective. A combination of intravenous clindamycin and oral tetracycline has been used for many years as a treatment for active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), despite the absence of good evidence for its efficacy. A single-blind pilot study of this therapy suggested that a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was warranted. Methods. Patients with active RA were randomised in a 2 : 1 ratio to receive active treatment or placebo for 25 weeks. The active treatment consisted of intravenous clindamycin in a reducing regime, and oral tetracycline twice daily three times a week. 50 patients were to be recruited. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients achieving an ACR20 response. Results. An interim statistical analysis was performed after 20 patients had completed the study. Two patients in the active group achieved an ACR20 response, with none in the placebo group (NS). There was a better ESR20 response in the placebo group (P = .02). There were no other significant differences between the groups. The results indicated that it was unlikely that a significant difference in ACR20 response would emerge if the remaining 30 patients were recruited. The trial was therefore halted. Conclusion. This antibiotic regime is unlikely to be a valuable therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis

    Determining a risk-proportionate approach to the validation of statistical programming for clinical trials

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    Background: The contribution of the statistician to the design and analysis of a clinical trial is acknowledged as essential. Ability to reconstruct the statistical contribution to a trial requires rigorous and transparent documentation as evidenced by the reproducibility of results. The process of validating statistical programmes is a key requirement. While guidance relating to software development and life cycle methodologies details steps for validation by information systems developers, there is no guidance applicable to programmes written by statisticians. We aimed to develop a risk-based approach to the validation of statistical programming that would support scientific integrity and efficient resource use within clinical trials units. // Methods: The project was embedded within the Information Systems Operational Group and the Statistics Operational Group of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration Registered Clinical Trials Unit network. Members were asked to share materials relevant to validation of statistical programming. A review of the published literature, regulatory guidance and knowledge of relevant working groups was undertaken. Surveys targeting the Information Systems Operational Group and Statistics Operational Group were developed to determine current practices across the Registered Clinical Trials Unit network. A risk-based approach was drafted and used as a basis for a workshop with representation from statisticians, information systems developers and quality assurance managers (n = 15). The approach was subsequently modified and presented at a second, larger scale workshop (n = 47) to gain a wider perspective, with discussion of content and implications for delivery. The approach was revised based on the discussions and suggestions made. The workshop was attended by a member of the Medicines for Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Inspectorate who also provided comments on the revised draft. // Results: Types of statistical programming were identified and categorised into six areas: generation of randomisation lists; programmes to explore/understand the data; data cleaning, including complex checks; derivations including data transformations; data monitoring; or interim and final analysis. The risk-based approach considers each category of statistical programme against the impact of an error and its likelihood, whether the programming can be fully prespecified, the need for repeated use and the need for reproducibility. Approaches to the validation of programming within each category are proposed. // Conclusion: We have developed a risk-based approach to the validation of statistical programming. It endeavours to facilitate the implementation of targeted quality assurance measures while making efficient use of limited resources

    Construire une nouvelle expérience en formation continue

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    Accompagner le changement de pratiques des conseillers agricoles en mobilisant un dispositif de conception-évaluation de formation : l'exemple de la formation conseiller demain en agronomie

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    National audienceEn France, les nouvelles politiques publiques dans le domaine agricole visent une obligation de résultats à court et moyen terme, notamment en ce qui concerne les impacts environnementaux des activités agricoles. Elles suggèrent la construction et la mise en œuvre d'une offre de formation adaptée aux besoins, notamment des conseillers agricoles, pour accompagner ce qui apparaît comme un changement majeur, autant dans le domaine du raisonnement agronomique que dans le métier du conseil. De telles formations commencent à exister. A partir de l'exemple d'une formation continue pour des conseillers en agronomie, nous proposons d'identifier les bénéfices d'un dispositif associant (i) une conception qui articule deux dimensions du changement (le raisonnement en agronomie, et le raisonnement du conseil) (ii) un dispositif d'évaluations pensé pour accompagner l'opérationnalisation de ces changements. Nous montrerons que ce type de formation, au-delà de ses bénéfices auprès des destinataires, permet d'approfondir des connaissances sur les activités des conseillers, et les difficultés qu'ils rencontrent dans les évolutions actuelles
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