Illusory conjunctions are an illusion: The effects of target-nontarget similarity on conjunction and feature errors.

2

Prioritizing selection of new elements: on the time-course of the preview effect.

The preview effect demonstrates that if observers in a visual search task are allowed a preview of a subset of elements before another subset of new elements is added, the first subset of elements does no longer compete for attentional selection. The aim of the present study was to investigate how long after the presentation of the new elements the preview effect can be preserved. Observers were presented with displays containing one set of elements (old elements) followed after a certain time interval by a second set of elements (new elements). Observers searched for the presence of a target among the new elements. The target appeared through an equiluminant colour change at varying intervals after the presentation of the new elements. The results indicated that the preview effect disappears beyond 200 ms after the presentation of the new elements. The results are discussed in terms of visual marking, temporal segregation, and onset capture. In everyday life, we are confronted with an enormous amount of visual infor-mation. Yet, our information processing capacity is limited. To behave effi-ciently, the visual system must select only that information that is relevant to th

THE GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED FOR HYMENOMYCETES-III * " Clavariaceae"

1. This third part deals with "Clavariaceae," a family designation used in a traditional and descriptive, rather than a taxonomic, sanse. 2. Two of the author's previously published proposals for the conservation of certain names are replaced by slightly altered ones. They aim at the safeguarding of the names Clavulinopsis Overeem, Lachnocladium. Lev., and Ramaria (Pr.) Bonord. A proposal to conserve Pterula Fr. in its current sense is withdrawn as superfluous. 3. Some forgotten or neglected names are listed, e.g. Scleroglossum Pers. and Xyloglossum Pers. These two names are typified by a species that makes them synonyms of Acrospermum Tode ex Fr. (Ascomycetes). 4. The following typifications, among others, deserve attention: Dendrocladium Lloyd by Lachnocladium giganteum Pat., Holocoryne (Fr.) Bonord. by Clavaria falcata Pers. ex Fr., and Ramaria S. F. Gray by Clavaria pratensis Pers. 5. One new combination is made: Pistilliva typhae (Hohn.) Donk (basinym, Dacryopsis typhae Hohn.)

THE GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED FOR HYMENOMYCETES-II* Hymenolichenes

1. This part deals with the generic names proposed for Hymenolichenes, a very limited group of Hymenomycetes. 2. In connection with Herpothallon Tobl. attention is drawn to Hypochnus Fr. ex Ehrenb. (non Fr. ex Fr.), which seems to be the correct name for the genus

THE GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED FOR HYMENOMYCETES- I "Cyphellaceae"

1. The present paper is the first of a series intended to deal from a nomen clatural point of view with all the generic names proposed for Hymenomycetes.For each name the following items are considered: (i) its etymology and gender, (ii) the original scope of the corresponding genus, and, in case of the name being- an isonym,also of the group covered by its basinym; (iii) the type species, which when not originally designated, is selected; (iv) its basinym, synisonyms,homonyms, typonyms,and variant spellings, if any, are indicated; (v) its status under the Rules is determined;and (vi) supplementary remarks are given when these are deemed useful.2. This first instalment deals with "Cyphellaceae," a group defined in a conventional, rather descriptive, manner, not as a taxonomic unit. 3. A new generic name, Stromatoscypha Donk, is introduced for Porothelium(Pr. ex Fr.) Fr.4. The following new combinations are made: Aleurodiscus digitalis (A. & S.ex Fr.) Donk [basinym: Cyphella digitalis (A. & S.) ex Fr.], and Stromatoscypha fimbriata (Pers. ex Fr.) Donk [basinym: Polyporus fimbriatus (Pers.) ex Fr.]

NOTES ON MALESIAN FUNGI-II* On the genera Auricularia, Hirneola, and Laschia

1. After discussing the outer characters of the three genera Auricularia Bull,ex Merat, Hirneola Fr. (1848), and Laschia Fr., now often combined into a single genus, the author concludes that there is every reason to follow Bresadola and to keep Auricularia and Hirneola apart as distinct genera, and to enter Laschia into Hirneola. 2. It is pointed out that in Hirneola the hymenophore is not invariably inferior. 3. The author once more discusses the desirability of conserving the name Hirneola Fr. 1848. He withdraws his previous proposal for conservation of Auricularia Bull, ex Brongn. 1824. 4. The new combination Hirneola nigricans (Sw. ex Fr.) Donk is proposed. 5. It is possible that the correct name for the Judas' ear is Hirneola auricula(L. ex Mexat) H. Karst

NOTES ON MALESIAN FERNS-I On the genus Lemmaphylluin Presl

1. The genera Lepidogrammitis Ching and Weatherbya Copel.are merged in Lemmaphyllum. Presl. The inconstancy of the characters on which these genera have been separated in discussed.2. The following new combinations are proposed: Lemmaphyllum accedens (Bl.)Donk (basinym, Polypodium accedens Bl.) and Lemmaphyllum sect. Phlebodiopsis (Moore) Donk (basinym, Pleopeltis sect. Phlebodiopsis Moore)

THE GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED FOR HYMENOMYCETES-VI*Brachybasidiaceae, Cryptobasidiaceae, Exobasidiaceae

1. In this continuation of the author's nomenclatorial enumeration not only the three families mentioned in the subtitle are taken into consideration: about ten generic names of fungi which at one time or another have been attributed to the Exobasidiaceae and which are now excluded from the Hymenomycetes, are also dealt with.2. The name' Cryptobasidiaceae is validly published

ON GENERIC TYPE SPECIES INDICATED BY MISAPPLIED NAMES

When the type method was introduced in the "International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature," it was stated that "a nomenclatural type is that constituent element to which the name of a group is permanently attached" and, further, that "the type of ..a generic name is a species and that of a species ..is usually a specimen or preparation. In some species, however, the type is a description or figure given by a previous 1 author" (Art. 18).No doubt, the type of a generic name is a species and that of a specific name a specimen (or its substitute). A species may be variously interpreted as to its limits; it may be narrowly or broadly conceived. It may receive a name, but it remains a species even if it has no name. It frequently occurs that a specific name is misapplied to a quite different species. Hence it is also evident that a species and a specific name are two intrinsically different notions, not at all identical and interchangeable. As quoted above, Art. 18 positively says that the type of a generic name is a species and does not refer to specific names. I believe this article really states what it wanted to convey in this respect, and is not an instance of unfortunate wording. A species comprises a vast number of 'individuals plants' and of these some are preserved often only in part, or are subject to taxonomic study without preservation,and represent the 'specimens' of the Rules; when the species is given a name, one of these is or afterwards becomes the 'type specimen.' Thus a (type) species and a (type) specimen are different notions. In the binomial system a specific name is a combination of two words. The first part, or generic appellation, stands for a generic description,2 the second part, or specific epithet, for a specific description : a specific name roots in two different descriptions.Far more often than not these two are published on different occasions by different authors

NOTES ON RESUPINATE HYMENOMYCETES-I On Pellicularia Cooke

The author concludes that Pellicularia Cooke is to be regarded as the name of an inseparable mixtum compositum (nomen confusum) and hence as illegitimate (impriorable).He believes that, apart from a hypothetical gelatinous medium,Cooke's original material consisted of the combination of the vegetative hyphae of a resupinate hymenomycete and the spores of a pervading imperfect fungus. If one of these constituent elements were to be selected as type, the choice would be the spores rather than the vegetative byphae selected by Rogers