The Ventral Premammillary Nucleus Links Metabolic Cues and Reproduction

The amount of body fat and the energy balance are important factors that influence the timing of puberty and the normal reproductive function. Leptin is a key hormone that conveys to the central nervous system information about the individual energy reserve and modulates the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. Recent findings suggest that the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) mediates the effects of leptin as a permissive factor for the onset of puberty and the coordinated secretion of luteinizing hormone during conditions of negative energy balance. In this review, we will summarize the existing literature about the potential role played by PMV neurons in the regulation of the HPG axis

High-protein diet for body weight loss

A proporção ideal dos macronutrientes em dietas de emagrecimento é atualmente bastante discutida. Existem evidências de que dietas com maior proporção de proteína aumentam a perda de peso e de gordura corporal e diminuem a perda de massa corporal magra durante o emagrecimento. Todavia, os mecanismos responsáveis por estes efeitos não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Além disso, existem poucas conclusões a respeito dos possíveis efeitos colaterais dessas dietas na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio. Assim, este artigo objetiva trazer informações atuais sobre os efeitos de dietas ricas em proteína na perda de peso e na composição corporal e dos mecanismos envolvidos, bem como seus efeitos na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio.The ideal proportion of macronutrients in weight loss diets is currently under debate. There are evidences indicating that a higher proportion of protein during weight loss diets enhances the loss of body weight and fat mass, and reduces the loss of lean body mass. Nevertheless, the responsible mechanisms for these effects have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, studies that evaluated the possible side effects of these diets on the renal function and on the nutritional state of calcium have shown inconclusive results. Therefore, this article has the objective to convey recent information about the effects of high-protein diets in the regulation of the body weight and body composition, besides its involved mechanisms, and its effects on the renal function and on the calcium nutritional status

Planejamento estrategico e cultura organizacional: um estudo de caso em um Banco de Desenvolvimento /

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Socio-EconomicoAnálise da influência da cultura organizacional no processo de planejamento estratégico. Desvenda-se a cultura organizacional em três níveis de manifestações. Em seguida, analisam-se as experiências de planejamento estratégico na organização pesquisada, verificando-se que a cultura teve influência marcante naquele processo: na estrutura que ia animá-lo, na participação, na orientação estratégica traçada e nas reações dos funcionários

PRODUCTION OF ETHYLIC BIODIESEL FROM HYDROLYSIS AND ESTERIFICATION OF ACID ANIMAL FAT

Biodiesel is a fuel derived from the oils and fats of plants and animals. Some vegetable oils after extraction and seed storing may have high acidity due to the conversion of triglycerides into free faty acids. Transesterification of high acidic oils with basic catalyst will form a large amount of soap as residue. The objective of this work is to study hydrolysis of tallow fats estherification free fatty acids followed by estherification of free fatty acids with ethanol using homogeneous catalyst. Tallow fat was hydrolyzed by enzyme lipase extracted from Ricinius Communs seeds. Estherification was done in a pressurizes reactor, at temperatures from 70°C to 130°C, ethanol/oil ratio from 2:1 to 4:1, amount of sulfuric acid catalyst from 0.2 to 0.8%, during 60 minutes of reaction. A factorial experimental design was carried out with three variables, two levels and replicas at central point. Results show that hydrolysis with enzymes during 24 hours at 40 oC was very effective to convert triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA). In the estherification reaction, the yield of esther increased with the increasing of temperature, ethanol/oil ratio and catalyst concentration. Best results was obtained at 130 oC and 0.8% of catalyst in either concentration of ethanol, 2:1 or 4:1. The mains effects on the FFA conversion was temperature, acid concentrations and cross effects temperate and acid concentration. Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, tallow, free fatty acid

Environmental Product Innovation and Perceived Brand Value: The Mediating Role of Ethical-Related Aspects

Studies developed in the last two decades indicate that environmental product innovations can potentially generate competitive advantages. However, the ethical dimension, now increasingly involved in evaluations for consumer decision-making, has received less attention in academic research. Considering the above, our study investigates the mediating role of ethical aspects in the relationship between environmental product innovation and perceived brand value. To this end, we carried out a quantitative study with 336 university students who are end users of Apple and Microsoft products and services. In addition to investigating the main effect of environmental product innovations on perceived brand equity, we explore the possible mediating effects of ethical behaviors: (i) open-mindedness and (ii) concerns with privacy practices. Our results indicate that environmental product innovations need to be supported by the ethical aspects of companies to have a positive effect on perceived brand equity. Crucially, customers perceive value in environmental product innovation when they can confirm that organizations exhibit ethical correctness, particularly in the sector under study. We understand that our research provides advancement in the field of sustainable innovation. The study confirms that broader approaches, mainly centered on corporate commitments beyond environmental issues, are critical for environmental product innovations to generate perceived brand value

Advanced hybrid electro-oxidation & O3 technology for water reuse in the fruit and vegetable process industry

Alternative sanitising agents are required in the fruit and vegetable processing industry, capable of effectively disinfecting both the product and the washing water to increase its reuse, while not producing harmful by-products like chlorine-based agents. In the present work, electro-oxidation (EO) and ozone are proposed for vegetable process water reuse, being optimised for their individual and combined application. The application of hybrid electro-oxidation and ozone achieved 7 log reduction after 15 min of treatment in batch using boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode material, showing important synergistic effects when compared with the individual treatments. When the process was applied in continuous mode, up to 6 log reduction of total bacteria was achieved using EO alone with Ru as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode, under 11 mA/cm2 of current density, a cell retention time of 12 s and no addition of chemical reagents (electrolyte). Under these conditions, the absence of microorganisms in water was maintained for more than 24 h, no harmful by-products (chlorate, bromate) were detected and no damage to lettuce seeds were observed when evaluating water reuse potential.This research has been carried out under the EOLUTION project, co-funded by the EU and the Society for the Regional Development of Cantabria (SODERCAN). The authors would like to acknowledge the Society for the Regional Development of Cantabria for funding the EOLUTION project (ID16-C0-009)

La gestión administrativa influye en la atención primaria en el puesto de salud San Roque, segundo semestre 2016

En el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la influencia que tiene la Gestión Administrativa en la atención primaria de los Puestos de Salud del MINSA (Ministerio de Salud), asimismo la importancia y ventajas cuando se lleva a cabo una correcta gestión de recursos humanos, gestión de abastecimiento y gestión presupuestal en el Puesto de Salud San Roque en el distrito de Surco. En este trabajo de investigación se busca también conocer las gestiones de éxito que se puedan tener en la atención primaria. Para resolver esta interrogante se hará un estudio sobre la atención primaria, por medio de fuentes bibliográficas, y también por medio de la entrevista a los usuarios internos del mencionado puesto de salud. Con esta investigación se puede obtener grandes mejoras en la calidad de la estadía del usuario interno en su centro de trabajo y esto a su vez se transformara en una mejor atención para los pacientes (usuarios externos) en los servicios en el Puesto de SaludThis research aims to know the influence of the Administrative Management in the primary care of Health Posts of MINSA (Ministry of Health), as well as the importance and advantages when carrying out a correct management of human resources, Supply management and budget management at the San Roque Health Post in the district of Surco. This research also seeks to know the success steps that can be taken in primary care. To solve this question will be made a study on primary care, through bibliographic sources, and also through the interview to internal users of the health post. With this research it is possible to obtain great improvements in the quality of the stay of the internal user in his work center and this in turn will be transformed into a better care for the patients (external users) in the services in the Health Post

The partial inhibition of hypothalamic IRX3 exacerbates obesity

The Iroquois homeobox 3 (Irx3) gene has been identified as a functional long-range target of obesity-associated variants within the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) gene. It is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, and both whole-body knockout and hypothalamic restricted abrogation of its expression results in a lean phenotype, which is mostly explained by the resulting increased energy expenditure in the brown adipose tissue. Because of its potential implication in the pathogenesis of obesity, we evaluated the hypothalamic cell distribution of Irx3 and the outcomes of inhibiting its expression in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Methods: Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the correlations between hypothalamic Irx3 and neurotransmitters, markers of thermogenesis and obesity related phenotypes. Droplet-sequencing analysis in >20,000 hypothalamic cells was used to explore the types of hypothalamic cells expressing Irx3. Lentivirus was used to inhibit hypothalamic Irx3 and the resulting phenotype was studied. Findings: IRX3 is expressed predominantly in POMC neurons. Its expression is inhibited during prolonged fasting, as well as when mice are fed a high-fat diet. The partial inhibition of hypothalamic Irx3 using a lentivirus resulted in increased diet-induced body mass gain and adiposity due to increased caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure. Interpretation: Contrary to the results obtained when lean mice are submitted to complete inhibition of Irx3, partial inhibition of hypothalamic Irx3 in obese mice causes an exacerbation of the obese phenotype. These data suggest that at least some of the Irx3 functions in the hypothalamus are regulated according to a hormetic pattern, and modulation of its expression can be a novel approach to modifying the body's energy-handling regulation.39448460FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2013/07607-8; 2017/02983-