Look at the record on auditor detection of management fraud

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1130/thumbnail.jp

PRELUDE TO DEMOCRACY: A Study of Proportional Representation and the Heritage of Weimar Germany, 1871-1920

Surprisingly little has been written in critical analysis of German election systems. Herman Finer, Sigmund Neumann, and Carl Friedrich, among others, have dealt for the most part with political parties. James Pollock has written descriptions of election machinery and procedures. Ferdinand Hermens has produced the standard work on proportional representation, one confined in the section on Germany to its alleged role in the disintegration and collapse of the Weimar Republic. With the recent exception of Eugene Anderson\u27s excellent analysis of Prussian politics, however, treatments of election systems have been for the most part unrelated to the context of German society and politics. The following study deals with an election system undoubtedly the most controversial in German political history. It presents an analysis of proportional representation, or as commonly abbreviated, P. R., from the founding of the Second Reich through the first elections under the Weimar electoral law. Its purpose is to relate the development of P. R. to prevailing social and political conditions and attitudes, and in this manner to shed light on the nature of the Weimar heritage. Simply stated, P. R. is a technique designed to mirror in the parliament the opinions and wishes of the voters (Chapter 1). Its theoreticians call for representation of voter preferences exactly in accordance with respective numerical strengths; and insofar as all voters theoretically have equal opportunities to achieve representation of their particular points of view, the system or technique is alleged to be the most democratic in existence. The idea of P. R. was first expounded in developed form by French Utopians and later incorporated in the programs of Marxian Revisionists throughout Europe. It became attractive to political liberals like John Stuart Mill concerned with the problem of the individual and his survival from the pressures of modern civilization toward collective mediocrity. It assumed increasing significance to politicians of all persuasions in the conflicts arising out of industrialization between power elites and mass movements, between those who wished to preserve and those who wished to alter or abolish the existing order

PRELUDE TO DEMOCRACY: A Study of Proportional Representation and the Heritage of Weimar Germany, 1871-1920

Surprisingly little has been written in critical analysis of German election systems. Herman Finer, Sigmund Neumann, and Carl Friedrich, among others, have dealt for the most part with political parties. James Pollock has written descriptions of election machinery and procedures. Ferdinand Hermens has produced the standard work on proportional representation, one confined in the section on Germany to its alleged role in the disintegration and collapse of the Weimar Republic. With the recent exception of Eugene Anderson\u27s excellent analysis of Prussian politics, however, treatments of election systems have been for the most part unrelated to the context of German society and politics. The following study deals with an election system undoubtedly the most controversial in German political history. It presents an analysis of proportional representation, or as commonly abbreviated, P. R., from the founding of the Second Reich through the first elections under the Weimar electoral law. Its purpose is to relate the development of P. R. to prevailing social and political conditions and attitudes, and in this manner to shed light on the nature of the Weimar heritage. Simply stated, P. R. is a technique designed to mirror in the parliament the opinions and wishes of the voters (Chapter 1). Its theoreticians call for representation of voter preferences exactly in accordance with respective numerical strengths; and insofar as all voters theoretically have equal opportunities to achieve representation of their particular points of view, the system or technique is alleged to be the most democratic in existence. The idea of P. R. was first expounded in developed form by French Utopians and later incorporated in the programs of Marxian Revisionists throughout Europe. It became attractive to political liberals like John Stuart Mill concerned with the problem of the individual and his survival from the pressures of modern civilization toward collective mediocrity. It assumed increasing significance to politicians of all persuasions in the conflicts arising out of industrialization between power elites and mass movements, between those who wished to preserve and those who wished to alter or abolish the existing order

Application of boron oxide as a protective surface treatment to decrease the air reactivity of carbon anodes

The oxidation of a carbon anode with air and CO2 occurs during the electrolysis of alumina in Hall-Héroult cells, resulting in a significant overconsumption of carbon and dusting. Boron is well known to decrease the rate of this reaction for graphite. In this work, the application of boron oxide has been investigated to evaluate its inhibition effect on the air oxidation reaction, and to provide an effective protection for anodes. Different methods of impregnation coating have been explored. Impregnated anode samples were gasified under air at 525 C according to the standard measurement methods. X-ray tomography was used to obtain the microstructural information of the samples before and after air-burning tests. The impregnated samples showed a very low oxidation reaction rate and dust generation

The Ursinus Weekly, May 1, 1950

Frosh, sophs, and Y offer varied weekend activities • General Synod to meet at Ursinus this summer • Expert to lecture here on Tuesday for IRC discussion • Curtain Club gives play this Tuesday; authored by Swan • Schmidt is chosen new Lantern editor • Women elect WAA and WSGA leaders • Eleven Y posts filled by YW-YM presidents • May Day play gets finishing touches • WSGA completes year with important activity • Y panel censures both scientist and layman • Dreschler elected pre-legal head • Gross chosen moderator • Tait to address pre-med society • Files reveal origin of May Day fetes • Y committee directs campus tours for visitors to Ursinus • Bomberger and Baxter are named head waiters • Future lawyers warned of poor job prospects • Munson speaks on law to pre-legal members • Alumni group to feast seniors at May dinner • Theater: Margetson in Clutterbuck • Six Ursinus track men compete in Penn relays • Tennis elucidated by Weekly writer; emphasizes scoring • Linksmen lose 9-0 to Blue Hen squad • Injury-riddled cindermen fall to diplomats 88-38 • Bears bow to Garnet 8-6 in eleven inning contest • \u27Ruby\u27 arrives this week; deficit faces senior class • Mattern to speak at vespershttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1591/thumbnail.jp

Genomeâ Wide Study of Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue Reveals Novel Sexâ Specific Adiposity Loci in Mexican Americans

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141319/1/oby22074.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141319/2/oby22074_am.pd

The impact of FADS genetic variants on ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in African Americans

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Arachidonic acid (AA) is a long-chain omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesized from the precursor dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) that plays a vital role in immunity and inflammation. Variants in the Fatty Acid Desaturase (<it>FADS</it>) family of genes on chromosome 11q have been shown to play a role in PUFA metabolism in populations of European and Asian ancestry; no work has been done in populations of African ancestry to date.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we report that African Americans have significantly higher circulating levels of plasma AA (p = 1.35 × 10^-48) and lower DGLA levels (p = 9.80 × 10^-11) than European Americans. Tests for association in N = 329 individuals across 80 nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Fatty Acid Desaturase (<it>FADS</it>) locus revealed significant association with AA, DGLA and the AA/DGLA ratio, a measure of enzymatic efficiency, in both racial groups (peak signal p = 2.85 × 10^-16in African Americans, 2.68 × 10^-23in European Americans). Ancestry-related differences were observed at an upstream marker previously associated with AA levels (rs174537), wherein, 79-82% of African Americans carry two copies of the G allele compared to only 42-45% of European Americans. Importantly, the allelic effect of the G allele, which is associated with <it>enhanced </it>conversion of DGLA to AA, on enzymatic efficiency was similar in both groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that the impact of <it>FADS </it>genetic variants on PUFA metabolism, specifically AA levels, is likely more pronounced in African Americans due to the larger proportion of individuals carrying the genotype associated with increased FADS1 enzymatic conversion of DGLA to AA.</p

Brain mechanisms of acoustic communication in humans and nonhuman primates: An evolutionary perspective

Any account of “what is special about the human brain” (Passingham 2008) must specify the neural basis of our unique ability to produce speech and delineate how these remarkable motor capabilities could have emerged in our hominin ancestors. Clinical data suggest that the basal ganglia provide a platform for the integration of primate-general mechanisms of acoustic communication with the faculty of articulate speech in humans. Furthermore, neurobiological and paleoanthropological data point at a two-stage model of the phylogenetic evolution of this crucial prerequisite of spoken language: (i) monosynaptic refinement of the projections of motor cortex to the brainstem nuclei that steer laryngeal muscles, presumably, as part of a “phylogenetic trend” associated with increasing brain size during hominin evolution; (ii) subsequent vocal-laryngeal elaboration of cortico-basal ganglia circuitries, driven by human-specific FOXP2 mutations.;>This concept implies vocal continuity of spoken language evolution at the motor level, elucidating the deep entrenchment of articulate speech into a “nonverbal matrix” (Ingold 1994), which is not accounted for by gestural-origin theories. Moreover, it provides a solution to the question for the adaptive value of the “first word” (Bickerton 2009) since even the earliest and most simple verbal utterances must have increased the versatility of vocal displays afforded by the preceding elaboration of monosynaptic corticobulbar tracts, giving rise to enhanced social cooperation and prestige. At the ontogenetic level, the proposed model assumes age-dependent interactions between the basal ganglia and their cortical targets, similar to vocal learning in some songbirds. In this view, the emergence of articulate speech builds on the “renaissance” of an ancient organizational principle and, hence, may represent an example of “evolutionary tinkering” (Jacob 1977)