The construction of meaning in the correspondence of Charles Darwin

This thesis analyses the process of construction of linguistic meaning from a diachronic perspective. The analysis is based on the theories of intertextuality and social construction and applies a corpus analysis of collocations and paraphrases of key notions discussed in Darwin’s correspondence. In particular, the focus of the analysis is on the terms $species$ and $varieties$ with the aim to observe how the meanings of these terms are formed in a process of social negotiation. The thesis analyses the difference in the meanings of these terms, but also focuses on the diachronic dimension of their use in the correspondence, which allows for the observation of how different interpretations of meanings emerge in discourse. Thus far, diachronic studies in the field of corpus linguistics focused on comparing different historical corpora rather than observing the diachronic change of the immediate contextual environment of particular terms. The results presented in this thesis show that the meanings of terms are not only formed of different interpretations in discourse, but that these interpretations can be specific to particular temporal spans in discourse

Multi-dimensional analysis, text constellations, and interdisciplinary discourse

Multi-Dimensional Analysis (MDA) has been widely used to explore register variation. This paper reports on a project using MDA to explore the features of an interdisciplinary academic domain. Six dimensions of variation are identified in a corpus of 11,000 journal articles in environmental studies. We then focus on articles in one interdisciplinary journal, Global Environmental Change (GEC). It is expected that they will diverge sufficiently to produce differences that are analogous to register differences. Instead of identifying these “registers” on external criteria, we use the dimensional profiles of individual texts to identify ‘constellations’ of texts sharing combinations of features. Six such constellations are derived, consisting of texts with commonalities in their approaches to research: the development of predictive models; quantitative research; discussions of theory and policy; and human-environment studies focusing on individual voices. The identification of these constellations could not have been achieved through an a priori categorisation of texts

'What is this corpus about?': Using topic modelling to explore a specialised corpus

This paper introduces topic modelling, a machine learning technique that automatically identifies 'topics' in a given corpus. The paper illustrates its use in the exploration of a corpus of academic English. It first offers the intuitive explanation of the underlying mechanism of topic modelling and describes the procedure for building a model, including the decisions involved in the model-building process. The paper then explores the model. A topic in topic models is characterised by a set of co-occurring words, and we will demonstrate that such topics bring us rich insights into the nature of a corpus. As exemplary tasks, this paper identifies the prominent topics in different parts of papers, investigates the chronological change of a journal, and reveals different types of papers in the journal. The paper further compares topic modelling to two more traditional techniques in corpus linguistics, semantic annotation and keywords analysis, and highlights the strengths of topic modelling.We believe that topic modelling is particularly useful in the initial exploration of a corpus

Two-dimensional theory of style in translations: an investigation into the style of literary translations

The aim of this thesis was to address the issue of authorship of translations from two perspectives: firstly, the aim was to engage in the debate, and propose a theory on the authorship of translations; and secondly, to propose a method that would support the theory with empirical evidence. For this purpose a corpus of two translations of Plato’s Republic was used, and the two translations were compared for their style. Firstly, a method that ensures a step-by-step analysis of the texts, rather than the analysis of the whole texts was developed. The results showed that the method successfully compared two translations, demonstrating high degrees of correlation between the styles of the two translations. In other words, the method demonstrated that the unitary style of a translation is in fact a fusion of the translator’s and the author’s styles. Thus, this research demonstrated the two-dimensional nature of the style of translations. Consequently, since the style and authorship are closely related, the research showed that a translation is in fact a result of the collaboration between the author and the translator. In other words, a translation is a result of co-authorship