NATIONAL KAZAKH INSTRUMENT AND PERFORMING TRADITIONS AT MUSIC LESSONS AT SCHOOLS OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the presented publication is to open ways of development of national Kazakh instrument and performing traditions in the process of carrying out lessons of music at first graders at schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methods. The methods of the research involve the analysis, generalization and systematization of literature, poll of younger school students, analysis of results of the poll.Results and scientific novelty. The single strategic line of musical training is designated: perception – reproduction – creativity. The basic principles of content selection of musical education are revealed: the principle of polyart and the principle of contrast considering psychological features of younger school age. Educational modules are allocated and described as effective methods of development of national tool and performing traditions by younger school students. The content of the four modules for music lessons in the first classes is developed.Practical significance. Successful approved contents of four author’s modules of promoting and assignment by pupils of cultural national heritage was projected on the system of musical lessons with preschool children in separate preschool educational institutions of Petropavlovsk that allows to claim that these modules can be used not only in practice of comprehensive schools, but also in the system of preschool education.Цель статьи – раскрыть способы освоения народных казахских инструментально-исполнительских традиций в процессе проведения уроков музыки в первых классах школ Республики Казахстан. Методы исследования. В работе использовались такие методы, как анализ, обобщение и систематизация литературы; опрос первоклассников и рефлексия результатов опроса. Результаты и научная новизна. Обозначена единая стратегическая линия музыкального обучения: восприятие – воспроизведение – творчество. Выявлены основные принципы отбора содержания музыкального воспитания: принцип полихудожественности и принцип контраста, учитывающие психологические особенности младшего школьного возраста. Выделены и описаны образовательные модули как эффективные способы освоения младшими школьниками народных инструментально-исполнительских традиций. Разработано содержание четырех таких модулей для уроков музыки в первых классах. Практическая значимость. Успешно апробированное содержание четырех авторских модулей популяризации и присвоения учащимися культурного национального наследия было спроецировано на систему музыкальных занятий с дошкольниками в отдельных дошкольных образовательных учреждениях Петропавловска, что позволяет утверждать: данные модули могут быть использованы не только в практике общеобразовательных школ, но и в системе дошкольного образования

OSTEOPOROSIS: ASSESSMENT OF A RISK FOR RECURRENT LOW-TRAUMA FRACTURES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Objective: to assess a risk for new fractures in a cohort of postmenopausal women who have sustained low-trauma fractures, by using the FRAX® algorithm, and to compare the assessments with data on the fractures have occurred during a prospective follow-up study.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 128 postmenopausal women (mean age, 64.9±8.3 years) who had sustained low-trauma fractures at five sites (the hip, forearm, humeral neck, vertebral column, and ankle). A ten-year fracture risk was assessed using the FRAX® algorithm with and without regard for bone mineral density (BMD). New osteoporotic fractures were recorded during a three-year prospective follow-up study.Results and discussion. The average FRAX® algorithm values for all new osteoporotic and hip fractures in the entire group were 18.0±5.6 and 3.7±3.7% (without consideration of BMD), 17.9±6.6 and 3.5±4.0% (with consideration of BMD) (p > 0.05). The true incidence of recurrent fractures over 3 years was 17.2%. During 3 years, the incidence of recurrent fractures in the women who had sustained low-trauma fractures of the proximal hip, humeral neck, and spinal column was 28.6, 25.0, and 22.8%, respectively, which exceeded the estimated 10-year fracture risk for these sites. The history of multiple low-trauma fractures versus single one increased the risk for subsequent fractures by 3.63 and 9.43 times among women with high or low estimated FRAX risk rate, respectively.Conclusion. The three-year prospective follow-up study has shown that the FRAX® algorithm underestimated the risk associated with the presence of recurrent fractures in the history; moreover, new fractures significantly more commonly occur in persons who have sustained low-trauma fractures in the proximal hip, humoral neck, and vertebral column

The frequency of sarcopenia and factors affecting appendicular muscle mass in patients with systemic sclerosis

Aim. To determine the frequency of sarcopenia (SP) and to identify factors associated with the muscle mass in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Materials and methods. The study included 64 women with SSc aged 40–70 years. Questionnaires, clinical, instrumental, laboratory examinations and absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associat ed with appendicular muscle mass (AMM).Results. Probable SP was detected in 35 (54.7 %), and confirmed SP – 17 (26.5 %) women with SSc. The frequency of SP did not differ depending on the form of the disease. Univariate linear analysis revealed the relationship between the AMM and BMI, nutritional status; mid-upper arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences, skin Rodnan score, cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (GC) and BMD of the proximal hip. Multivariate linear analysis confirmed the presence of associations between the AMM index and BMI (b = 0.65; p <0.001), the Rodnan skin score (b = –0.19; p = 0.047), the cumulative dose of GC (b = –0.22; p = 0.021).Conclusion. The study demonstrated that more than a quarter of patients with SSc had a confirmed SP. Although age is the main risk factor for SP in the general population, in our study it did not differ between patients with low and normal AMM. The cumulative dose of GC and the Rodnan skin score were negatively, and BMI was positively associated with the value of AMМ

TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE: FREQUENCY OF PRESCRIPTIONS AND THERAPY ADHERENCE WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE

Objective: to estimate the frequency of prescription for antiosteoporotic agents in real clinical practice and treatment adherence within a year after experienced low-trauma osteoporotic fracture (LOF). Subjects and methods. A questionnaire survey was made in 192 subjects aged over 50 years (mean age 66±8 years) who had sustained fractures at different sites after a fall from standing height. Therapy and its compliance were assessed 4 and 12 months after LOF. Results. One hundred and five (55%) patients received therapy, including 80 (73%) took only calcium preparations and vitamin D; 9 (8%), 15 (14%), and 5 (5%) patients had calcitonin, bisphosphonates, and strontium ranelate, respectively. At the same time, 87 (45%) subjects were given no antiosteoporotic drugs for a year after fracture. Throughout the follow-up, 42% of the respondents received treat- ment; 18% interrupted it within the first 4 months after fracture, and 40% started therapy 4 months or later (mean 6.5 months) after it. The reason for the absence of treatment was no recommendations by a traumatologist or primary care specialists in 49% of cases. Among those taking the drugs, treatment was recommended by the specialists of the Osteoporosis Center, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 89% of cases and by primary care specialists in only 11%.Conclusion. The study indicated that after LOF, the patients did not receive adequate antiosteoporotic therapy, at the same time 49% had no respective recommendations made by traumatologists or primary care physicians. The frequency of prescription for pathogenic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis was considerably increased during patient observation in a specialized osteoporosis center

Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft of Small Diameter Based on Electrospun Polylactide Microfibers

Tubular vascular grafts 1.1 mm in diameter based on poly(L-lactide) microfibers were obtained by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy data demonstrated that the samples treated at T=70°C for 1 h in the fixed state on a cylindrical mandrel possessed dense fibrous structure; their degree of crystallinity was approximately 44%. Strength and deformation stability of these samples were higher than those of the native blood vessels; thus, it was possible to use them in tissue engineering as bioresorbable vascular grafts. The experiments on including implantation into rat abdominal aorta demonstrated that the obtained vascular grafts did not cause pathological reactions in the rats; in four weeks, inner side of the grafts became completely covered with endothelial cells, and fibroblasts grew throughout the wall. After exposure for 12 weeks, resorption of PLLA fibers started, and this process was completed in 64 weeks. Resorbed synthetic fibers were replaced by collagen and fibroblasts. At that time, the blood vessel was formed; its neointima and neoadventitia were close to those of the native vessel in structure and composition

Efficacy and Safety Profiles of Antipsychotic Drugs as Viewed by Psychiatrists: A Comparative Analysis of Cariprazine and Risperidone

BACKGROUND: Physicians hold the belief that the treatment outcomes and the treatment strategy they eventually adopt is largely determined by the differences in medications. Despite numerous studies focusing on the decision-making processes of psychiatrists, including the choice of antipsychotics when prescribing pharmacotherapy, the impact of therapeutic drug profiling on physicians’ decision-making remains poorly comprehended. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the quantitative differences in perceptions of antipsychotics by psychiatrists using cariprazine and risperidone as examples. METHODS: A total of 79 psychiatrists were interviewed anonymously in St. Petersburg, Russia. The physicians documented the clinical advantages they perceived drugs to possess relative to one another, following a predetermined principle: A B, A=B, A B (2-AC protocol). The comparison is based on eleven parameters that assess the effectiveness and safety of cariprazine or risperidone. It has been hypothesized that the pattern of responses (qualitative difference) and the degree of preference for each drug (quantitative difference) may not align with the data in the original meta-analyses. RESULTS: The perception parameter exhibited a greater difference than anticipated (δ — 0.889), while the threshold for differentiating between the drugs was lower (τ — 1.001). The response pattern only aligned with theory by 44.37%. The dispersion of responses was associated with the length of work experience. CONCLUSION: The perceived difference between the drugs significantly deviates from the theoretical data, both in terms of strength of perception and pattern (quantitative and qualitative differences)

Pedagogical management of civil education of research universities students

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the contradictory interaction of Western and Eastern civilizations and the need of society in preparing of professionals who are not only competitive in the labor market, but also aware of the responsibility for the implementation of civil rights and duties and are able to fulfill their civic duty. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristics of the pedagogical management of civil education of research universities’ students. The leading method is the method of action research, allowing to obtain new knowledge about the pedagogical management of process of civil education of students, aimed at formation of sustainable civil qualities and characterizing their speakers as entities of legal, moral, political, social and economic relations in state-public education. The article reveals the essence and function (cognitive, ethical humanist, cognitive) of students’ civic education; clarifies the contents of civic education; determines the pedagogical conditions of students’ civil education (the formation of civic consciousness, the development of civic initiative and civic responsibility and participation in civic activities). Article Submissions may be useful for teachers of research universities; for centers of personnel training and retraining in the selection and structuring of the content of professional development of the research universities’ teaching staff

Study on early inflorescence development in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) lines with non-standard SCR-morphotype

Features of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inflorescence development define its architecture and have an impact on yield potential. Wheat lines and forms with altered inflorescence morphology are important genetic resources for the study on the genetic mechanisms underlying plant developmental programs and inflorescence architecture; they are also important for practical use to increase productivity. Normally, wheat spikelets are arranged in two parallel rows along the spike axis. The SCR (screwed spike rachis) lines represent a non-standard morphotype, which is characterized by a spiral arrangement of spikelets along the spiked rachis. The study of the early stages of the inflorescence development in SCR-lines using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the spiral arrangement of spikelets were not related to changes at the early stage of inflorescence development, and resulted from spiral growth of spike rachis cells at later stages of spike growth. Thus, the spiral arrangement of spikelets in cereal inflorescence may have resulted not only from peculiarities of the mutual arrangement of spikelet meristems (phyllotaxis), but also from cell growth features at later stages of inflorescence growth. It was shown that SCR is inherited as a dominant monogenic trait; its expression can be modified by genotypic background. The SCR-lines characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy represent an important genetic resource for further study of the molecular-genetic mechanisms determining plant architecture. Furthermore, they can be used to develop wheat lines and cultivars with new inflorescence phenotypes

Distribuição, prevalência e novas raças fisiológicas de ferrugem-do-colmo-do-trigo, no Brasil, de 1974 a 1978

Races 11, 11/65, 11/74, 11/78, 15/65, 15/78, 17, 17/61 and 17/63 of wheat stem rust (Puccinia greminis Pers. f.sp. tritici Ericks & Henn) were identified on 1,555 samples collected from 1974 to 1978 in the Brazilian wheat regions. Race 11/78 was determined for the first time on a sample collected in 1976, and race 15/78, in 1977. The most prevalent races during this period were 11/74 and 15/65. The genes Sr 22, Sr 24, Sr 25, Sr 26, Sr 27 confer resistance to all occurrent races.Foram estudadas 1.555 amostras, de ferrugem-do-colmo-do-trigo Puccinia graminis Pers. f.sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn, colhidas nas zonas tritícolas brasileiras, nos anos de 1974 a 1978, nas quais foram identificadas as raças 11, 11/65, 11/74, 11/78, 15/65, 15/78, 17, 17/61 e 17/63. A raça 11/78 foi determinada, pela primeira vez, em amostra colhida em 1976, e a 15/78, em 1977. As raças mais ocorrentes neste período foram a 11/74 e a 15/65. Os genes Sr 22, Sr 24, Sr 25, Sr 26 e Sr 27, conferem resistência a todas as raças ocorrentes

Peculiarities of carcinomatous pleurisies in breast cancer (cytological diagnostic method)

The specific features of carcinomatous pleurisies were studied in 119 patients with breast cancer (BC). The most characteristic properties of the structure of cells and the composition of pleural fluid were noted in infiltrating ductal and lobular BC. A differential diagnosis was made between mesothelioma (17%) and ovarian cancer (25%); it was difficult to perform it in lobular cancer