Prevalence of electrocardiographic findings associated to sudden cardiac death: spontaneous type 1 and type 2 Brugada patterns and QT disorders in spanish population older than forty years

Abstrac

Prevalencia de patrones electrocardiográficos asociados a muerte súbita en la población española de 40 años o más. Resultados del estudio OFRECE

[Abstract] Introduction and objectives. Some electrocardiographic patterns are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias. There is no information on the prevalence of these patterns in the general population in Spain. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of these patterns and associated clinical and epidemiological factors. Methods. This subanalysis of the OFRECE study selected a representative sample of the Spanish population aged ≥ 40 years. We studied the presence or absence of electrocardiographic patterns of Brugada syndrome and QT interval abnormalities. Clinical data and electrocardiograms were available in all participants. Electrocardiograms were evaluated by 2 cardiologists and a third cardiologist was consulted if there was disagreement in the diagnosis. We calculated the weighted prevalence and clinical factors associated with the presence of Brugada-type patterns or QT segment abnormalities. Results. Overall, 8343 individuals were evaluated (59.2 years, 52.4% female). There were 12 Brugada cases (type 1, 2 cases; type 2, 10 cases; weighted prevalence, 0.13%). For corrected QT (QTc) analysis, we excluded participants with left bundle branch block or without sinus rhythm. Weighted prevalences were as follows: short QTc (< 340 ms) 0.18%, borderline QTc (441-469 ms) 8.33%, long QTc (≥ 470 ms criterion) 1.01% and long QTc (≥ 480 criterion) 0.42%. Conclusions. A total of 0.6% to 1.1% of the Spanish population aged ≥ 40 years has an electrocardiographic pattern associated with a higher risk of sudden death (Brugada syndrome, long QT, or short QT).[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. Hay patrones electrocardiográficos asociados a mayor riesgo de muerte súbita por arritmias ventriculares. En España no existe información acerca de su prevalencia en la población. El objetivo es estudiar la prevalencia de estos patrones, así como los factores clinicoepidemiológicos asociados a su presencia. Métodos. Subanálisis del estudio OFRECE en el que se estudió la prevalencia de patrones electrocardiográficos de síndrome de Brugada o anomalías del intervalo QT en una muestra representativa de la población española ≥ 40 años. Se dispuso de datos clínicos y electrocardiogramas de todos los participantes. Los electrocardiogramas fueron evaluados de forma independiente por 2 cardiólogos y, en caso de desacuerdo, se consultó con un tercero. Se analizaron las prevalencias ponderadas y los factores clínicos asociados a patrones tipo Brugada o a anomalías del segmento QT. Resultados. Se evaluó a 8.343 individuos (59,2 años, 52,4% mujeres) y se detectaron 12 casos de patrón Brugada (tipo 1, 2 casos; tipo 2, 10 casos; prevalencia ponderada, 0,13%). Para el análisis del QT corregido (QTc) se excluyó a los participantes con bloqueo de rama izquierda o ritmos no sinusales. Las prevalencias ponderadas fueron: QTc corto (< 340 ms) 0,18%, QTc borderline (441-469 ms) 8,33%, QTc largo (criterio ≥ 470 ms) 1,01% y QTc largo (criterio ≥ 480 ms) 0,42%. Conclusiones. El 0,6-1,1% de la población española de edad ≥ 40 años presenta un patrón electrocardiográfico de riesgo de muerte súbita (síndrome de Brugada, QT largo o QT corto)

La tetraspanina TET8 de "Capsicum chinense": caracterización y análisis funcional en el contexto de la defensa vegetal

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, leída el 14-01-2015Depto. de Biología CelularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEunpu

Tobamovirus de pimiento

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Interference in plant defense and development by nonstructural protein NSs of Groundnut bud necrosis virus

6 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 figura suplementaria -- PAGS nros. 368-373Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) infects a large number of leguminous and solanaceous plants. To elucidate the biological function of the non-structural protein encoded by the S RNA of GBNV (NSs), we studied its role in RNA silencing suppression and in viral pathogenesis. Our results demonstrated that GBNV NSs functions as a suppressor of RNA silencing using the agroinfiltration patch assay. An in silico analysis suggested the presence of pro-apoptotic protein Reaper-like sequences in the GBNV NSs, which were known to be present in animal infecting bunyaviruses. Utilizing NSs mutants, we demonstrated that a Leu-rich domain was required for RNA silencing suppression activity, but not the non-overlapping Trp/GH3 motif of the Reaper-like sequence. To investigate the role of NSs in symptom development we generated transgenic tomato expressing the GBNV NSs and showed that the expression of NSs in tomato mimics symptoms induced by infection with GBNV, such as leaf senescence and necrosis. As leaf senescence is controlled by miR319 regulation of the transcription factor TCP1, we assessed the accumulation of both RNAs in transgenic NSs-expressing and GBNV-infected tomato plants. In both types of plants the levels of miR319 decreased, while the levels of TCP1 transcripts increased. We propose that GBNV-NSs affects miRNA biogenesis through its RNA silencing suppressor activity and interferes with TCP1-regulated leaf developmental pathwaysWe acknowledge the financial support by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (Grant DST/INT/SPAIN/P-9/2009); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Govt. of Spain (Grant ACI 2009-0855). We are also thankful to Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing fellowship to Suneha Goswami, Nandita Sahana and Vanita PandeyPeer reviewe

Interference in plant defense and development by nonstructural protein NSs of Groundnut bud necrosis virus

6 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 figura suplementaria -- PAGS nros. 368-373Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) infects a large number of leguminous and solanaceous plants. To elucidate the biological function of the non-structural protein encoded by the S RNA of GBNV (NSs), we studied its role in RNA silencing suppression and in viral pathogenesis. Our results demonstrated that GBNV NSs functions as a suppressor of RNA silencing using the agroinfiltration patch assay. An in silico analysis suggested the presence of pro-apoptotic protein Reaper-like sequences in the GBNV NSs, which were known to be present in animal infecting bunyaviruses. Utilizing NSs mutants, we demonstrated that a Leu-rich domain was required for RNA silencing suppression activity, but not the non-overlapping Trp/GH3 motif of the Reaper-like sequence. To investigate the role of NSs in symptom development we generated transgenic tomato expressing the GBNV NSs and showed that the expression of NSs in tomato mimics symptoms induced by infection with GBNV, such as leaf senescence and necrosis. As leaf senescence is controlled by miR319 regulation of the transcription factor TCP1, we assessed the accumulation of both RNAs in transgenic NSs-expressing and GBNV-infected tomato plants. In both types of plants the levels of miR319 decreased, while the levels of TCP1 transcripts increased. We propose that GBNV-NSs affects miRNA biogenesis through its RNA silencing suppressor activity and interferes with TCP1-regulated leaf developmental pathwaysWe acknowledge the financial support by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (Grant DST/INT/SPAIN/P-9/2009); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Govt. of Spain (Grant ACI 2009-0855). We are also thankful to Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing fellowship to Suneha Goswami, Nandita Sahana and Vanita PandeyPeer reviewe

The influence of cis-acting P1 protein and translational elements on the expression of Potato virus Y HCPro in heterologous systems and its suppression of silencing activity

34 p.In the Potyvirus genus, the P1 protein is the first N-terminal product processed from the viral polyprotein, followed by HCPro. In silencing suppression patch assays we found that Potato virus Y (PVY) HCPro expressed from a P1-HCPro sequence increased the accumulation of a reporter gene, whereas protein expressed from an HCPro sequence did not, even with P1 supplied in trans. This enhancing effect of P1 had been noticed in other potyviruses, but remained unexplained. We analyzed the accumulation of PVY HCPro in infiltrated tissue and found it higher when expressed from P1-HCPro than from HCPro sequences. Co-expression of heterologous suppressors increased the steady-state level of mRNA expressed from the HCPro sequence, but not that of protein. This suggested that in the absence of P1 upstream, either HCPro acquired a conformation that affected negatively its activity or stability, or that its translation was reduced. To test these options, we purified HCPro expressed in the presence or absence of upstream P1, and found no differences in purification patterns and final soluble states. By contrast, alteration of the Kozak context in the HCPro mRNA sequence to favor translation increased partially both suppressor accumulation and activity. Furthermore, it was as active as protein expressed from P1-HCPro sequences. Thus, a direct role for P1 on HCPro suppressor activity or stability by influencing its conformation during translation can be excluded. However, P1 could still have an indirect effect favoring HCPro accumulation. Our data highlight the relevance of cis-acting translational elements in the heterologous expression of HCPro.This work was supported by grant AGL2008-03482 from the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science and by a joint grant between the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (AC1/2009-0855) to T. Canto and the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India (DST/INT/SPAIN/P-9/2009) to S. Praveen. N. Sahana was funded by a grant from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New DelhiPeer reviewe