Arbudahar Effect of Bhallataka: A Case Report

Agadtantra is branch of Ayurveda toxicology, which works around poisons and its treatment. The traditional texts mentioned medicinal properties of some poisons, however poison can acts as drug only after Shodhan (Purification) measure i.e.; Bhallataka (Semicarpus Anacardium) a poisonous drug offers Arbudahar property after being purified. The Ayurveda branch which associated with the diseases and treatment of Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat and Shira region is termed as Shalakyatantra. There are many diseases which arise from these body parts and Arbuda in neck region is one of them. Poisonous drug Bhallataka (Semicarpus anacardium) provides Arbudahar property and can be used after proper purification and precautionary measures. This article presented a case report on Arbudahar effect of Bhallataka

Acute kidney injury and its outcome in obstetrics

Background: Acute kidney injury occurring during pregnancy, labour, delivery, and/or postpartum period. Proper management of AKI (acute kidney injury) is challenging because (i) both maternal and fetal health must be considered and (ii) the cardiovascular and renal adaptations of pregnancy add to the complexity for management.Methods: The objective of this study was to study association and contributing factors in AKI, a retrospective study of 20 cases of AKI complicating pregnancies carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, SVPIMSR over a period of 12 months and results were studied and analysed. Etiological factors, associated liver pathology, coagulation abnormality, thrombocytopenia, sepsis, recovery status and fetomaternal outcome were studied and tabulated. AKI was analysed in terms of maximal stage of renal injury attained as per risk, injury, failure, loss of function, and end-stage renal disease (RIFLE) criteria.Results: The incidence of ARF (acute renal failure) in pregnancy was about 0.3%. Hypertensive disorders were the major causative factor. Amongst the 20 cases, 8 cases were referred from outside and two of them died. Total 5 of 20 cases required hemodialysis and two of them had partial recovery.Conclusions: AKI complicating pregnancies are not uncommon. If recognized and treated promptly, recovery is assured in majority of cases. Early identification and prompt management of pre-eclampsia and sepsis can prevent majority of cases. Ultrasonography revelation of placenta previa or abruption helps in early management eventually decreases the chances of bleeding which is one of the causes of AKI (pre-renal cause)

Design of Regular Reversible Quantum Circuits

The computing power in terms of speed and capacity of today\u27s digital computers has improved tremendously in the last decade. This improvement came mainly due to a revolution in manufacturing technology by developing the ability to manufacture smaller devices and by integrating more devices on a single die. Further development of the current technology will be restricted by physical limits since it won\u27t be possible to shrink devices beyond a certain size. Eventually, classical electrical circuits will encounter the barrier of quantum mechanics. The laws of quantum mechanics can be used for building computing systems that work on the principles of quantum mechanics. Thus quantum computing has drawn the interest of many top scientists in the world. Ion Trap technology is one of the most promising prospective technologies for building quantum computers. This technology allows the placement of qubits - ions in 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional regular structures. Development of efficient algorithms and methodologies for designing reversible quantum circuits is one of the most rapidly growing areas of research. All existing algorithms for synthesizing quantum circuits use multi-input Toffoli gates that have very high quantum cost in terms of electromagnetic pulses. They also do not use the opportunity of regular structures provided by the Ion Trap technology. In this thesis I present a completely new methodology for synthesizing quantum circuits that use only small (3x3) Toffoli gates and new gate families that have similar properties and use regular structures. These methods are for both binary and multiple valued quantum circuits. All my methods require adding some limited number of ancilla qudits [sic] but dramatically decrease the quantum cost of the synthesized circuits. I also present a new family of gates called D-gates that allows synthesis of quantum and reversible logic functions using structures called layered diagrams. The designed circuits can be directly mapped to a Quantum Logic Array implemented using the Ion Trap technology

Synthesis of Quantum Circuits in Linear Nearest Neighbor Model Using Positive Davio Lattices

We present a logic synthesis method based on lattices that realize quantum arrays in One-Dimensional Ion Trap technology. This means that all gates are built from 2x2 quantum primitives that are located only on neighbor qubits in a onedimensional space (called also vector of qubits or Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) architecture). The Logic circuits designed by the proposed method are realized only with 3*3 Toffoli, Feynman and NOT quantum gates and the usage of the commonly used multi-input Toffoli gates is avoided. This realization method of quantum circuits is different from most of reversible circuits synthesis methods from the literature that use only high level quantum cost based on the number of quantum gates. Our synthesis approach applies to both standard and LNN quantum cost models. It leads to entirely new CAD algorithms for circuit synthesis and substantially decreases the quantum cost for LNN quantum circuits. The drawback of synthesizing circuits in the presented LNN architecture is the addition of ancilla qubits

Anatomic and radiological correlation of injectate spread from first thoracic costotransverse junction in cervical erector spinae plane

Introduction: Cervical erector spinae plane block (ESPB) provides postoperative pain relief when administered at the level of first thoracic costotransverse junction (CTJ) for surgeries on the proximal shoulder and cervical spine. We propose to describe the spread of 20 ml radiocontrast - dye solution administered at this level from caudad to cephalad direction in a fresh frozen cadaveric model through imaging and cross-sections. Methods: An observational study with four thoracic to cervical ESP blocks at the level of first thoracic CTJ level on two fresh cadavers (total 4 specimens) was conducted using 20 ml of radiocontrast- methylene blue combination (10 ml through the needle and 10 ml through the catheter). Both cadavers were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scan. An anatomist and radiologist, respectively, analyzed cross-sections of cadavers and CT contrasted images. Results: The spread was assessed in axial, sagittal, and coronal at the levels of C4, C5, C6, C7and T1. The medial limit was articular processes in both cadavers. The lateral limits were the outer border of the middle scalene muscle in cadaver 1 and posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle in cadaver 2. Contrast spread was visualized on the superior and anterior aspect of anterior scalene muscle in cadaver 2. An epidural spread was observed at the level of C5-6 and C6-7 in axial and coronal planes in cadaver 1. Conclusions: The cervical ESPB administered at the first thoracic CTJ with injections directed cephalad has a consistent action on the dorsal spinal nerves of thoracic and cervical area, and spreads in the paravertebral space dorsal to the ventral cervical roots

Role of ultrasound-guided continuous brachial plexus block in the management of neonatal ischemia in upper limb

Neonatal upper limb ischemia due to accidental arterial damage remains a major concern, which can lead to devastating complications if untreated. The primary objective of this case report is to emphasize the role of continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block, the issues related with block performance in an ischemic hand, and the importance of ultrasound guidance in this particular case scenario. A 1.1 kg infant suffered from distal forearm ischemia due to accidental arterial damage, which was treated with brachial plexus block. An ultrasound-guided single shot block with 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine was followed by ultrasound-guided catheter placement in the target area. A continuous infusion of 0.03% of bupivacaine at the rate of 0.5 mL/kg/hr (approx. 0.15 mg/kg/h of bupivacaine) was administered for 36 h. This treatment resulted in reversal of ischemia. Permanent ischemic damage was eventually confined to the tips of 4 fingers. We conclude that ultrasound-guided continuous infraclavicular block has a therapeutic role to play in the treatment of hand ischemia due to arterial damage and subsequent arterial spasm in neonates with added benefits

Circumpsoas block ... an anterior myofascial plane block for lumbar plexus elements: case report

In an attempt to improvise the analgesia in patients with femoral fractures, we aimed at depositing local anesthetic deep to anterior psoas fascia (APf) under ultrasound (US) guidance to block lumbar plexus elements which emerge lateral, anterior, and medial to the psoas major muscle. We termed this as circumpsoas block (CPB). Clinical and computed tomography contrast studies revealed that a continuous CPB infusion with a catheter provided a reliable block of the lumbar plexus elements. No adverse were events noted. We conclude that US guided CPB is a reliable technique for managing postoperative pain after surgery of femur fractures

A review on casing while drilling technology for oil and gas production with well control model and economical analysis

The extraction of petroleum fluids from sub-surface accumulations mandates the drilling of a well into the formation containing the accumulation. The drilling techniques have evolved over time to overcome several challenges while some of the issues still prevail with the currently used drilling practices like loss circulation, large tripping time to change bottom hole assembly, stuck pipe problems and low well bore stability, to name a few. These decrease the drilling efficiency and increase the Non-Productive Time (NPT) of this highly capital-intensive industry encouraging the Petroleum Industry to look for new technology. Casing while Drilling (CwD) is a technique of drilling which has been proven to alleviate many of the problems faced while drilling. In this method, drilling and casing of a well bore is carried out simultaneously, which improves the drilling efficiency by reducing the NPT. It has proven to be beneficial in controlling loss circulation and improving wellbore stability by ‘Plastering’ effect, high quality cement job and increased rig floor safety. It uses smaller rig and less fuel thereby reducing carbon footprint in the environment. This paper studies comprehensive well control and casing string design consideration. Economics encourages its application that has been discussed in the paper. A case study on the application of CwD in Malay basin for top hole drilling is presented. Finally, the paper briefly outlines the technical challenges that need attention to get better results from CwD. Keywords: Casing while drilling, Non productive time, Plastering effect, Well contro

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Quality control parameters to detect adulteration of market samples of Indian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Manjistha</i> by Irani <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Manjistha</i></span>

331-334The stems of Manjistha are official in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and equated with Rubia cordifolia L. They are traditionally used for curing blood disorders, skin diseases, as anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, urolithotriptic, antipyretic, analgesic, anthelmintic and for improving complexion. They are found in several important traditional medicinal formulations and hold a great export potential as well. However, stems of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Rubia tinctorum L. are also available in the Indian market, which are not official and have been found to contain lucidin, a genotoxic compound. The present investigation deals with comparative pharmacognostical study of stems of both species and establishment of various quality parameters. Morphologically, the stems of both the species vary a lot. Transverse section of both stems showed the presence of reddish dye in cortex and acicular crystals of calcium oxalate; however, the width of cork, cortex, stele and pith varied. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of annular and pitted xylem vessels, xylem fibers and acicular crystals in singular and bundles; however their sizes varied in both species. From the phytochemical screening, the detected phyto-constituents were estimated by their respective procedures, which also varied in both species. Thus, the present work can serve as a very useful botanical and phytochemical tool in the identification, authentication and standardization of the raw material and prepared formulations of R. cordifolia L. and distinguishing it from of R. tinctorum L., which will consequently benefit the herbal industries and traditional medicinal healers. </span

How common is pain in Indian school going children? A phase 1 pilot study

Background: There is a lack of information about the prevalence of pain among school going Indian children, and therefore, this study was conducted. A cross-sectional population survey was conducted in school children from Grades III to VI. The objective was to determine the prevalence of pain, including chronic pain. The secondary objectives were to find a correlation between chronic pain with age, gender, parental history of chronic pain and past surgical history along with the various characteristics of chronic pain. Method: Seven hundred questionnaires were distributed in schools from Grades III to VI. They were answered at home by the children along with their parents. The data thus obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of non-chronic pain was found to be 37.6% (95% confidence interval being 34.0-41.2%). The prevalence of chronic pain was 3.90% (95% confidence interval being 2.86-4.94%). There was no statistically relevant correlation between gender, age, family history of chronic pain, or past surgical history with chronic pain. Conclusion: Our study suggests that prevalence of pain in Indian school going children is common, although the prevalence of chronic pain is far less than that estimated world-wide