The Role of Rural Women in Dairy Activities in Bhadrak District of Odisha

The present study was conducted in Bhadrak District of Odisha to find out the role of rural women in dairy activities. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data were collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful result. The results showed that the farm women were engaged in almost all dairy activities. However, they were actively participating in  milking, feeding of grains, making dairy products etc. but they were having less participation in activities like ,protecting cattle against parasites, insemination of cattle, veterinary care etc. The association between some selected independent variables with participation of women in dairy activities was also found. Education, mass media exposure and extension contact were found to be significantly related to participation of rural women in dairy activities. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i8.01

Odlamanje u sudarima 16O – AgBr na 60 GeV/n, napomene o modelu isparavanja

We present new data on the target fragment model in 16O - AgBr interactions at 60 GeV/n. The data do not favour the evaporation model; instead, they indicate a preferential backward emission of black tracks.Predstavljamo nove podatke o modelu odlamanja u sudarima 16O – AgBr pri 60 GeV/n. Ti podaci nisu u skladu s modelom isparavanja; umjesto toga nalazi se pretežno izbacivanje unatrag čestica koje daju ”crne” tragove

Analiza maksimalnih procijepa pseudorapiditeta u nuklearnim sudarima na par do nekoliko stotina gev

This paper presents new results on the maximum gap (∆max) in the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in individual events in 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr and 32S-AgBr interaction in the energy range 4.5 − 200 AGeV. The location of the ∆max in an event and the experimental ∆max distribution at all energies has been studied in details. It has been observed that Gaussian distribution can describe the experimental data satisfactorily over the entire energy range.Predstavljamo nove ishode mjerenja maksimalnih procijepa (∆_max) u raspodjeli pseudorapiditeta nabijenih čestica u pojedinačnim sudarima 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr i 32S-AgBr na energijama 4.5−200 AGeV. Podrobno smo odredili položaje (∆_max) za pojedine sudare i proučili njihovu eksperimentalnu raspodjelu na tim energijama. Opažamo da Gaussova raspodjela može dobro opisati eksperimentalne podatke u cijelom području energija

Bioethanol production from alkali-pretreated rice straw: effects on fermentation yield, structural characterization, and ethanol analysis

Current ethanol production technology has a dire need for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. The conversion requires pretreatment of the biomass, one of the most expensive steps, and thus it is quite necessary to identify the most cost-effective and high-efficiency conversion method. In this study, rice straw (RS) biomass was pretreated using 4% NaOH alkali, soaked for 4 h, and autoclaved for 30 min. The structural and morphological changes were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in both native and alkali-treated RS. The FTIR analysis revealed that native RS contains a considerable amount of lignin that was removed after the pretreatment process. The XRD pattern of the RS revealed an increasing crystallite size of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The study of SEM clearly showed the distorted structure and surface porosity after the pretreatment process. Enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was checked by comparing the commercial enzymes and microbial hydrolysis extracted from a fungal isolate. The best-reducing sugar yield obtained was 0.62 g/L, achieved at optimized conditions from the commercial enzymes. Fermentation efficiency was checked using the yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in both the native and pretreated substrate, and the highest ethanol concentration (21.45%) was achieved using 20% w/v biomass loading, enzyme loading (2:1:1), and fermentation for a week at 30°C and pH 4.5. This concentration was higher than that of the untreated RS (3.67%). The ethanol thus produced was further checked for analysis by the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods

Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress

Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions

Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial and results from a complex interplay between mucosal immunity, environmental factors, and host genetics. Future therapeutics for GI disorders, including IBD, that are driven by oxidative stress require a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the GI tract, oxidative stressors include infections and pro-inflammatory responses, which boost ROS generation by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) represent two important signaling pathways in intestinal immune cells that regulate numerous physiological processes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Natural antioxidant compounds exhibit ROS scavenging and increase antioxidant defense capacity to inhibit pro-oxidative enzymes, which may be useful in IBD treatment. In this review, we discuss various polyphenolic substances (such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, green tea flavonoids, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, luteolin, xanthohumol, genistein, alpinetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, silymarin), phenolic compounds including thymol, alkaloids such as berberine, storage polysaccharides such as tamarind xyloglucan, and other phytochemicals represented by isothiocyanate sulforaphane and food/spices (such as ginger, flaxseed oil), as well as antioxidant hormones like melatonin that target cellular signaling pathways to reduce intestinal inflammation occurring with IBD