54 research outputs found
Les femmes et le développement local au Sénégal : le rÎle des associations féminines dans le bassin arachidier : l'exemple de Diourbel
Women play an important role in Senegalese society occupying a central position in the economic and social life of the nation. In this thesis we will highlight the dynamism and the heroic levels of energy that Senegalese women invest in their daily tasks. Our observations will focus on the region of Diourbel. Their dynamism will be assessed throughout their daily activities, including their efforts to reach an economic self-sufficiency and their work within organizations. Diourbel used to be the center of the groundnut (peanut) basin. The borders of this region changed with shifts in the techniques of peanut farming and modifications in the environment. The latter has had effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants, particularly on women who had to find ways to adapt to such challenges as men migrating and increases in the cost of running a household. We highlight the active role women play within the family, demonstrating their collective and individual activities. These details are presented within the context of such multidimensional issues facing the old groundnut basin, as the incoherence of the colonial and national agricultural policies which have been aggravated by the combination of anthropogenic and physical factors. In addition the womenÂŽs associations are characterized by their variety, objectives, methods and internal relationships. The analysis will show them to be an inevitable feminine response to the observed social, economic and environmental changes. Women of Baol play a substantial role and exert significant influence on the process of maintaining both the social and familiar structures of their communities. As women carry out these efforts, our analysis will reveal how these efforts generate new perspectives.Les femmes, Ă©lĂ©ment central de la vie Ă©conomique et sociale, jouent un rĂŽle important dans la sociĂ©tĂ© sĂ©nĂ©galaise. Dans cette thĂšse nous avons voulu mettre en valeur le dynamisme et l'hĂ©roĂŻsme quotidien des femmes sĂ©nĂ©galaises, de la rĂ©gion de Diourbel en particulier. Ce dynamisme est Ă©tudiĂ© Ă travers leurs activitĂ©s quotidiennes, la recherche dâautonomie Ă©conomique, et leurs associations. Diourbel Ă©tait le centre du bassin arachidier dont les contours se sont modifiĂ©s avec le dĂ©veloppement de lâarachide et les mutations du milieu. Ces derniĂšres ne manquent pas de consĂ©quences sur la vie des populations, des femmes en particulier qui doivent trouver des moyens pour s'adapter et faire face au dĂ©part des hommes et Ă l'accroissement des charges familiales. En partant des difficultĂ©s multidimensionnelles du vieux bassin arachidier, Ă©tudiĂ©es Ă travers la mauvaise articulation des politiques agricoles coloniales et nationales, qui ont participĂ© Ă la crise agricole qui a Ă©tĂ© aggravĂ©e par la combinaison de facteurs anthropiques et physiques, nous avons rappelĂ© le rĂŽle actif des femmes dans la sphĂšre familiale, dâabord et rendu visibles les activitĂ©s collectives ou individuelles quâelles ont dĂ©ployĂ©es. Ensuite, les associations fĂ©minines se caractĂ©risent par leur diversitĂ© dans leurs formes, leurs objectifs, leurs moyens et leur tissu relationnel. Devant les mutations observĂ©es, elles sont devenues incontournables et sont perçues comme des rĂ©ponses fĂ©minines. Devant tous ces changements, les femmes du Baol ont leur mot Ă dire et leur force Ă apporter pour que l'Ă©difice familial et social reste debout. Face aux efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s par les femmes, des perspectives s'ouvrent
Spatial Distribution of Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieved from SeaWiFS Images by a Neural Network Inversion over the West African Coast
Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was provided by SeaWiFS over oceans from October 1997 to December 2010. Weekly, monthly, and annually maps might help scientifics to better understand climate change and its impacts. Making average of several images to get these maps is not suitable on West African coast. A particularity of this area is that it is constantly traversed by desert dust. The algorithm used by SeaWiFS inverts the reflectance measurements to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness at 865 nm. For the poorly absorbing aerosol optical thickness less than 0.35, the standard algorithm works very well. On the west African coast that is often crossed by desert aerosol plumes characterized by high optical thicknesses. In this paper we study the spatial and temporal variability of aerosols on the West African coast during the period from December 1997 to November 2009 by using neural network inversion. The neural network method we used is mixed method of neuro-variational inversion called SOM-NV. It is an evolution of NeuroVaria that is a combination of a variational inversion and multilayer perceptrons, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). This work also enables validation of the optical thickness retrieved by SOM-NV with AOT in situ measurements collected at AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) stations
Options de ModĂšles dâAffaires pour Assurer la DurabilitĂ© de lâUtilisation des Services dâInformation Climatique au SĂ©nĂ©gal
USAID/CINSERE (Services dâinformation climatiques pour amĂ©liorer la rĂ©silience et la productivitĂ© au SĂ©nĂ©gal) est un projet de rĂ©silience qui vise Ă renforcer les capacitĂ©s nationales pour la production, lâaccĂšs et la diffusion efficiente dâinformations mĂ©tĂ©orologiques et climatiques (IC) et de dĂ©velopper des stratĂ©gies pour une mise Ă lâĂ©chelle durable de lâutilisation des services
dâinformation mĂ©tĂ©orologiques et climatiques (SIC) sur toute lâĂ©tendue du territoire national. Le projet est financĂ© par lâUSAID et mis en Ćuvre par le Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, lâAgriculture et la SĂ©curitĂ© Alimentaire hĂ©bergĂ© par ICRISAT (CCAFS/ICRISAT) en collaboration avec lâANACIM. La zone dâintervention du projet est celle des projets Feed the Future (FtF) au SĂ©nĂ©gal, notamment Naatal Mbay (clĂŽturĂ© en 2019), Yaajeende (remplacĂ© par Kawolor en 2018), ERA (remplacĂ© par Youth in Agriculture en 2018) et COMFISH (remplacĂ© par Dekkal Geej en 2019). DĂ©marrĂ© en Mai 2016 pour une durĂ©e de trois ans (Jusquâen mai 2019), le projet a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune extension dâun an. Ainsi, cette premiĂšre phase de lâUSAID/CINSERE prend fin en avril 2020. Durant presque quatre annĂ©es de mise en Ćuvre, des rĂ©sultats assez probants ont Ă©tĂ© atteints tant dans la production des SIC, la communication et lâutilisation de ces SIC, que dans le renforcement des capacitĂ©s des bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires Ă utiliser de façon efficiente ces SIC. Dans le souci de prĂ©server les acquis du projet et dâassurer une mise Ă lâĂ©chelle soutenue du systĂšme de dĂ©veloppement et de fourniture des IC en vue dâune utilisation durable des IC au SĂ©nĂ©gal, lâUSAID a recommandĂ© lâidentification, le test, la validation et la mise en Ćuvre de modĂšles Ă©conomiques viables impliquant des partenaires aussi bien du public que du privĂ© (PPP). Le projet USAID/CINSERE sâest donc inspirĂ© des expĂ©riences et leçons apprises au SĂ©nĂ©gal, au Ghana, au Mali, en Inde et en AmĂ©rique Latine (Colombie) en matiĂšre de modĂšles Ă©conomiques dans la fourniture des SIC pour bĂątir des modĂšles adaptĂ©s au contexte du SĂ©nĂ©gal. Ce document prĂ©sente les modĂšles identifiĂ©s ainsi que les dĂ©fis et perspectives
Une lesion cutanée persistante non cicatricielle depuis 3 ans: le pyoderma gangrenosum
Le pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) est une dermatose neutrophilique non infectieuse rare souvent méconnue. Il se présente généralement par des ulcérations cutanées inflammatoires, trÚs douloureuses et d'évolution rapide. Il est fréquemment retrouvé dans un contexte de néoplasie, de pathologies inflammatoires digestives, rhumatologiques et/ou hématologiques. Son diagnostic est trÚs souvent tardif aprÚs de multiples échecs thérapeutiques. Nous rapportons un cas de pyoderma gangrenosum dont le diagnostic n'a pas été criant. Un patient a été admis dans notre service pour une lésion dermatologique persistante et d'évolution défavorable malgré les débridements et l'administration d'antibiotiques. Il était suivi pour un cancer de la prostate, une hypertension artérielle et un asthme. Du fait des anomalies biologiques observées telles qu'une hyperleucocytose à polynucléaires neutrophiles avec myélémie à myélocytes et métamyélocytes, sans blastose sanguine et une anémie normochrome normocytaire, une leucémie myéloïde chronique a été évoquée chez ce patient. Elle a par la suite été infirmée devant les différents examens complémentaires non concluants. C'est ainsi que le diagnostic de PG a été évoqué et confirmé à l'examen anatomopathologique montrant un aspect histopathologique d'un tissu de granulation concordant avec un pyoderma gangrenosum et une absence de signe histologique de malignité. L'institution d'un traitement à base de corticothérapie a abouti à la guérison
Feasibility and safety of integrating mass drug administration for helminth control with seasonal malaria chemoprevention among Senegalese children: a randomized controlled, observer-blind trial
BACKGROUND: The overlap in the epidemiology of malaria and helminths has been identified as a potential area to exploit for the development of an integrated control strategy that may help to achieve elimination of malaria and helminths. A randomized, controlled, observer-blind trial was conducted to assess the feasibility and safety of combining mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths (STH) with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) among children living in Senegal. METHODS: Female and male children aged 1-14Â years were randomized 1:1:1, to receive Vitamin A and Zinc on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine) on Days 1-3 (control group); or praziquantel and Vitamin A on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs on Days 1-3 (treatment group 1); or albendazole and praziquantel on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs on Days 1-3 (treatment group 2). Safety assessment was performed by collecting adverse events from all children for six subsequent days following administration of the study drugs. Pre- and post-intervention, blood samples were collected for determination of haemoglobin concentration, malaria microscopy, and PCR assays. Stool samples were analyzed using Kato-Katz, Merthiolate-iodine-formalin and PCR methods. Urine filtration, PCR and circulating cathodic antigen tests were also performed. RESULTS: From 9 to 22 June 2022, 627 children aged 1-14Â years were randomized into the three groups described above. Mild, transient vomiting was observed in 12.6% (26/206) of children in treatment group 2, in 10.6% (22/207) in group 1, and in 4.2% (9/214) in the control group (pâ=â0.005). Pre-intervention, the geometric mean value of Plasmodium falciparum parasite density was highest among children who received albendazole, praziquantel with SMC drugs. Post-intervention, the parasite density was highest among children who received SMC drugs only. Children who received praziquantel and SMC drugs had a lower risk of developing severe anaemia than their counterparts who received SMC drugs alone (ORâ=â0.81, 95% CI 0.13-5.00, pâ=â0.63). CONCLUSIONS: Integration of MDA for helminths with SMC drugs was safe and feasible among Senegalese children. These findings support further evaluation of the integrated control model. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered at Clinical Trial.gov NCT05354258
Women and local development in Senegal : the role of womenâs associations in the groundnut basin : the Diourbel example
Les femmes, Ă©lĂ©ment central de la vie Ă©conomique et sociale, jouent un rĂŽle important dans la sociĂ©tĂ© sĂ©nĂ©galaise. Dans cette thĂšse nous avons voulu mettre en valeur le dynamisme et l'hĂ©roĂŻsme quotidien des femmes sĂ©nĂ©galaises, de la rĂ©gion de Diourbel en particulier. Ce dynamisme est Ă©tudiĂ© Ă travers leurs activitĂ©s quotidiennes, la recherche dâautonomie Ă©conomique, et leurs associations. Diourbel Ă©tait le centre du bassin arachidier dont les contours se sont modifiĂ©s avec le dĂ©veloppement de lâarachide et les mutations du milieu. Ces derniĂšres ne manquent pas de consĂ©quences sur la vie des populations, des femmes en particulier qui doivent trouver des moyens pour s'adapter et faire face au dĂ©part des hommes et Ă l'accroissement des charges familiales. En partant des difficultĂ©s multidimensionnelles du vieux bassin arachidier, Ă©tudiĂ©es Ă travers la mauvaise articulation des politiques agricoles coloniales et nationales, qui ont participĂ© Ă la crise agricole qui a Ă©tĂ© aggravĂ©e par la combinaison de facteurs anthropiques et physiques, nous avons rappelĂ© le rĂŽle actif des femmes dans la sphĂšre familiale, dâabord et rendu visibles les activitĂ©s collectives ou individuelles quâelles ont dĂ©ployĂ©es. Ensuite, les associations fĂ©minines se caractĂ©risent par leur diversitĂ© dans leurs formes, leurs objectifs, leurs moyens et leur tissu relationnel. Devant les mutations observĂ©es, elles sont devenues incontournables et sont perçues comme des rĂ©ponses fĂ©minines. Devant tous ces changements, les femmes du Baol ont leur mot Ă dire et leur force Ă apporter pour que l'Ă©difice familial et social reste debout. Face aux efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s par les femmes, des perspectives s'ouvrent.Women play an important role in Senegalese society occupying a central position in the economic and social life of the nation. In this thesis we will highlight the dynamism and the heroic levels of energy that Senegalese women invest in their daily tasks. Our observations will focus on the region of Diourbel. Their dynamism will be assessed throughout their daily activities, including their efforts to reach an economic self-sufficiency and their work within organizations. Diourbel used to be the center of the groundnut (peanut) basin. The borders of this region changed with shifts in the techniques of peanut farming and modifications in the environment. The latter has had effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants, particularly on women who had to find ways to adapt to such challenges as men migrating and increases in the cost of running a household. We highlight the active role women play within the family, demonstrating their collective and individual activities. These details are presented within the context of such multidimensional issues facing the old groundnut basin, as the incoherence of the colonial and national agricultural policies which have been aggravated by the combination of anthropogenic and physical factors. In addition the womenÂŽs associations are characterized by their variety, objectives, methods and internal relationships. The analysis will show them to be an inevitable feminine response to the observed social, economic and environmental changes. Women of Baol play a substantial role and exert significant influence on the process of maintaining both the social and familiar structures of their communities. As women carry out these efforts, our analysis will reveal how these efforts generate new perspectives
Women and local development in Senegal : the role of womenâs associations in the groundnut basin : the Diourbel example
Les femmes, Ă©lĂ©ment central de la vie Ă©conomique et sociale, jouent un rĂŽle important dans la sociĂ©tĂ© sĂ©nĂ©galaise. Dans cette thĂšse nous avons voulu mettre en valeur le dynamisme et l'hĂ©roĂŻsme quotidien des femmes sĂ©nĂ©galaises, de la rĂ©gion de Diourbel en particulier. Ce dynamisme est Ă©tudiĂ© Ă travers leurs activitĂ©s quotidiennes, la recherche dâautonomie Ă©conomique, et leurs associations. Diourbel Ă©tait le centre du bassin arachidier dont les contours se sont modifiĂ©s avec le dĂ©veloppement de lâarachide et les mutations du milieu. Ces derniĂšres ne manquent pas de consĂ©quences sur la vie des populations, des femmes en particulier qui doivent trouver des moyens pour s'adapter et faire face au dĂ©part des hommes et Ă l'accroissement des charges familiales. En partant des difficultĂ©s multidimensionnelles du vieux bassin arachidier, Ă©tudiĂ©es Ă travers la mauvaise articulation des politiques agricoles coloniales et nationales, qui ont participĂ© Ă la crise agricole qui a Ă©tĂ© aggravĂ©e par la combinaison de facteurs anthropiques et physiques, nous avons rappelĂ© le rĂŽle actif des femmes dans la sphĂšre familiale, dâabord et rendu visibles les activitĂ©s collectives ou individuelles quâelles ont dĂ©ployĂ©es. Ensuite, les associations fĂ©minines se caractĂ©risent par leur diversitĂ© dans leurs formes, leurs objectifs, leurs moyens et leur tissu relationnel. Devant les mutations observĂ©es, elles sont devenues incontournables et sont perçues comme des rĂ©ponses fĂ©minines. Devant tous ces changements, les femmes du Baol ont leur mot Ă dire et leur force Ă apporter pour que l'Ă©difice familial et social reste debout. Face aux efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s par les femmes, des perspectives s'ouvrent.Women play an important role in Senegalese society occupying a central position in the economic and social life of the nation. In this thesis we will highlight the dynamism and the heroic levels of energy that Senegalese women invest in their daily tasks. Our observations will focus on the region of Diourbel. Their dynamism will be assessed throughout their daily activities, including their efforts to reach an economic self-sufficiency and their work within organizations. Diourbel used to be the center of the groundnut (peanut) basin. The borders of this region changed with shifts in the techniques of peanut farming and modifications in the environment. The latter has had effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants, particularly on women who had to find ways to adapt to such challenges as men migrating and increases in the cost of running a household. We highlight the active role women play within the family, demonstrating their collective and individual activities. These details are presented within the context of such multidimensional issues facing the old groundnut basin, as the incoherence of the colonial and national agricultural policies which have been aggravated by the combination of anthropogenic and physical factors. In addition the womenÂŽs associations are characterized by their variety, objectives, methods and internal relationships. The analysis will show them to be an inevitable feminine response to the observed social, economic and environmental changes. Women of Baol play a substantial role and exert significant influence on the process of maintaining both the social and familiar structures of their communities. As women carry out these efforts, our analysis will reveal how these efforts generate new perspectives
Women and local development in Senegal : the role of womenâs associations in the groundnut basin : the Diourbel example
Les femmes, Ă©lĂ©ment central de la vie Ă©conomique et sociale, jouent un rĂŽle important dans la sociĂ©tĂ© sĂ©nĂ©galaise. Dans cette thĂšse nous avons voulu mettre en valeur le dynamisme et l'hĂ©roĂŻsme quotidien des femmes sĂ©nĂ©galaises, de la rĂ©gion de Diourbel en particulier. Ce dynamisme est Ă©tudiĂ© Ă travers leurs activitĂ©s quotidiennes, la recherche dâautonomie Ă©conomique, et leurs associations. Diourbel Ă©tait le centre du bassin arachidier dont les contours se sont modifiĂ©s avec le dĂ©veloppement de lâarachide et les mutations du milieu. Ces derniĂšres ne manquent pas de consĂ©quences sur la vie des populations, des femmes en particulier qui doivent trouver des moyens pour s'adapter et faire face au dĂ©part des hommes et Ă l'accroissement des charges familiales. En partant des difficultĂ©s multidimensionnelles du vieux bassin arachidier, Ă©tudiĂ©es Ă travers la mauvaise articulation des politiques agricoles coloniales et nationales, qui ont participĂ© Ă la crise agricole qui a Ă©tĂ© aggravĂ©e par la combinaison de facteurs anthropiques et physiques, nous avons rappelĂ© le rĂŽle actif des femmes dans la sphĂšre familiale, dâabord et rendu visibles les activitĂ©s collectives ou individuelles quâelles ont dĂ©ployĂ©es. Ensuite, les associations fĂ©minines se caractĂ©risent par leur diversitĂ© dans leurs formes, leurs objectifs, leurs moyens et leur tissu relationnel. Devant les mutations observĂ©es, elles sont devenues incontournables et sont perçues comme des rĂ©ponses fĂ©minines. Devant tous ces changements, les femmes du Baol ont leur mot Ă dire et leur force Ă apporter pour que l'Ă©difice familial et social reste debout. Face aux efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s par les femmes, des perspectives s'ouvrent.Women play an important role in Senegalese society occupying a central position in the economic and social life of the nation. In this thesis we will highlight the dynamism and the heroic levels of energy that Senegalese women invest in their daily tasks. Our observations will focus on the region of Diourbel. Their dynamism will be assessed throughout their daily activities, including their efforts to reach an economic self-sufficiency and their work within organizations. Diourbel used to be the center of the groundnut (peanut) basin. The borders of this region changed with shifts in the techniques of peanut farming and modifications in the environment. The latter has had effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants, particularly on women who had to find ways to adapt to such challenges as men migrating and increases in the cost of running a household. We highlight the active role women play within the family, demonstrating their collective and individual activities. These details are presented within the context of such multidimensional issues facing the old groundnut basin, as the incoherence of the colonial and national agricultural policies which have been aggravated by the combination of anthropogenic and physical factors. In addition the womenÂŽs associations are characterized by their variety, objectives, methods and internal relationships. The analysis will show them to be an inevitable feminine response to the observed social, economic and environmental changes. Women of Baol play a substantial role and exert significant influence on the process of maintaining both the social and familiar structures of their communities. As women carry out these efforts, our analysis will reveal how these efforts generate new perspectives
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