Evaluating dietary supply of microminerals as a premix in a complete plant ingredient-based diet to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Two basal diets M0 and V0 were formulated with marine and plant based ingredient composition. Seven experimental diets were prepared from the two basal diets namely M0, M100, V0, V30, V60, V100 and V150 by incorporating different levels of a micromineral premix (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn). Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (initial weight: 20 g) reared at 17°C were fed one of each diet to apparent visual satiation over 12 weeks. Among the V diet fed fish, growth and feed intake exhibited maximal response at V60 level of premix inclusion; Apparent availability coefficient of Fe, Cu and Zn decreased linearly with increasing level of premix whereas apparent availability coefficient of Mn and Se was unaffected. The available dietary concentration in basal V0 diet was for Fe, 20.6; Cu, 2.8; Mn, 6.5; Zn, 17.3 and Se, 0.195 (in mg/kg DM) and in the M0 diet for Fe, 63.3; Cu, 5.2; Mn, 2.9; Zn, 35.2 and Se, 0.87 (in mg/kg DM). In reference to NRC (Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2011) recommendations, the V0 basal diet accounted for 34.3%, 92.9%, 53.9%, 115% and 130.2% and the contribution from M0 diet for 105.5%, 173.3%, 24.2%, 234.7% and 580% of the minimal dietary inclusion levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se to rainbow trout, respectively. However, data on whole body mineral contents showed that normal levels were maintained only for Cu and Mn through supply from basal V0 diet. For Zn and Se, available supply even from the highest supplemented diet (V150) was not sufficient to maintain normal body mineral levels of rainbow trout in the present study. On the whole, optimal dietary inclusion levels of microminerals are altered while using fishmeal-free diets for rainbow trout

Methane hydrate equilibrium conditions in a porous medium : from experiment to theory

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Parental effects of changes in dietary methionine supply in rainbow trout

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Parental Effects of Changes in Dietary Methionine Supply in Rainbow Trout

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Shank-rearfoot joint coupling with chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in longstanding symptoms and subjective feelings of giving way following initial ankle sprain. Our purpose was to identify differences in joint coupling and variability between shank internal/external rotation and rearfoot inversion/eversion throughout the gait cycle of CAI subjects and healthy controls. Twenty-eight young adults participated (CAI, n = 15, control, n = 13). Kinematics were collected while walking and jogging on a treadmill. A vector coding method in which direction (θ) and magnitude of the angle-angle relationship and stride-to-stride variability (VCV) in shank-rearfoot coupling were calculated. In walking, the CAI group demonstrated lower θ, indicating a greater proportion of rearfoot-to-shank motion, compared with the control group in early and late swing. The CAI group had higher magnitude, indicating greater combined motion between the two segments, in early swing, but lower magnitude, indicating less combined motion, during late swing. The CAI group also had lower VCV measures, indicating less stride-to-stride variability during stance. In jogging, the CAI group had lower θ measures than the control group during stance and swing. Differences in shank-rearfoot coupling of the CAI group may be related to changes in sensorimotor control and lead to further instances of instability

Amélioration de la formation et de l'écoulement d'hydrates de CO2 par l'utilisation d'additifs chimiques dans une boucle à coulis et un réacteur agité : applications à la réfrigération et au captage de CO2

International audienceSecondary refrigeration and thermal energy storage techniques could be interesting solutions to improve refrigerating system performances and to reduce power consumption and propagation of refrigerants in the atmosphere. In order to combine a more efficient secondary loop and fluids with higher energy storage capacity, a phase change material (PCM) slurry, also called phase change slurry (PCS), could be used as secondary refrigerant. In addition, hydrate-based processes could be an interesting option to separate the CO2 from various gas mixtures. In these two applications, the flow properties of the CO2 hydrate slurry are of paramount importance. In the present study, small amounts of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) were added to the aqueous phase, and this system was tested under CO2 pressure both in a dynamic flow loop and in a stirred reactor. The results obtained with the flow loop demonstrate that SDS has anti-agglomerant properties for the CO2 hydrate: SDS significantly decreases agglomeration and thus improves flowing capacities of the slurry. The results obtained in the reactor shows that the presence of SDS increases the kinetics of the hydrate growth rate both in agitated and in quiescent hydrate forming conditions. Consequently, the addition of SDS could be very promising in industrial applications, such as secondary refrigeration or gas separation, where hydrate slurries must be easily handled and where the hydrate formation rate is of great importance

Comparison of endogenous loss and maintenance need for minerals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed fishmeal or plant ingredient-based diets

Mineral needs as affected by changes in dietary protein and oil sources were studied in rainbow trout. Duplicate groups (n = 30 fish per replicate) of rainbow trout (initial BW: 37 g) were fed either a fish meal/fish oil-based (M) or a complete plant ingredient (V)-based diet at four graded ration (R) levels [apparent satiation (AS), R75, R50 and R25 % of AS]; one treatment group was maintained under starvation. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks at a water temperature of 17 °C. Dietary intake, apparent digestibility and initial and final whole-body composition data were used to calculate mineral gain which was regressed against digestible mineral intake (both expressed as mg or µg kg-0.8 day-1). Starvation loss (SL), endogenous loss of fed fish (ELF, y-intercept at x = 0) and point of intake for zero balance (PZB, x-intercept at y = 0) were used as estimates of maintenance requirements. SL provided the lowest estimate, ELF provided the net requirement of a mineral for maintenance and PZB provided the digestible dietary intake required to meet maintenance (SL <ELF <PZB). Dietary ingredient composition did not significantly affect the digestible mineral supply required for maintenance (PZB) for any of the minerals (P, Mg, K, Cu and Zn) studied. However, ELF of micro-minerals such as Cu and Zn were significantly affected. The ELF of Cu was significantly lower and that of Zn was significantly higher in V group compared with M-fed fish. Further studies on the effects of such changes in dietary formulations on micro-mineral metabolism are warranted

Post-prandial changes in plasma mineral levels in rainbow trout fed a complete plant ingredient based diet and the effect of supplemental di-calcium phosphate

Post-prandial changes in plasma mineral levels and utilisation of minerals in rainbow trout fed complete plant ingredient based diets with or without supplemental di-calcium phosphate (DCP) were studied over an 8 week period. Three diets were used: diet M was FM and fish oil (FO) based diet (control); diets VP0 and VP + (V diets) were completely based on plant derived protein and lipid sources. One of the V diets (VP +) was supplemented with DCP to supply 5 g kg- 1 dry matter available phosphorus (P); while the other diet (VP0) was not supplemented with DCP. Change in dietary protein source significantly affected the post-prandial pattern in plasma levels of P (p 0.05). Based on measurement of apparent digestibility, growth and whole body composition analyses, mineral balances were established showing that supplementation of DCP led to significant increase in whole body P concentration and P retention in VP +, comparable to fish fed diet M with significantly (p <0.05) reduced faecal and non-faecal P losses. There was improved post-absorptive retention (as % of available intake) of Ca (p <0.05), Mg (p <0.05) and K (p <0.05) in VP + compared to VP0. Utilisation of Cu (p <0.05) and Zn (p <0.01) was negatively affected. DCP supplementation to complete plant ingredient based diet increased the post-prandial plasma levels, whole body concentration and utilisation of macro-minerals (P, Ca, Mg and K) whereas that of micro-minerals especially Zn and Cu were negatively affected

Characterization of crude oil interfacial material isolated by the wet silica method

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