Case and Adverbials in Inari Saami and Finnish

This paper explores the relationship between case-marked adverbials and event structure in two related languages, Inari Saami and Finnish. New data is presented to show that while oblique case-marked adverbials do not delimit events in either language, the two languages diverge with respect to accusuative adverbials. Finnish shows a one-to-one mapping between case and event delimitation, while in Inari Saami not all accusative adverbials delimit events. These findings lend support to proposals by Arad (1998) and Tenny (1987) that each predicate may contain only one event delimiter

HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN URBAN SOIL: A PHYTOEXTRACTION METHOD REVIEW

Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) are three common non-essential heavy metals found in urban soils and can prove toxic to animals, humans, and some plants at low concentrations. The main exposure pathways of heavy metals in humans are through ingestion and inhalation of soil particles and ingestion of contaminated food. When dealing with contaminated soil in urban environments, activities like urban gardening can increase the likelihood of these exposure pathways, so heavy metal toxicity from contaminated soil can become a greater risk with the increased interest in urban agriculture. The US EPA created target concentrations for these heavy metals in residential soil, industrial soil, and agricultural soil. If any of these soils exceed their designated concentration, the US EPA has deemed them hazardous to both human health and the surrounding ecosystem. Phytoextraction is being considered and tested as a method to remove heavy metal pollution in urban soils. Two popular forms of phytoextraction are 1) using hyperaccumulator plants and 2) chelate-assisted phytoextraction using metal tolerant species. Hyperaccumulating plants can bioaccumulate 100 to 1000 times the heavy metal concentration of non-hyperaccumulators but have low biomass production/growth rates and are heavy metal specific. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction has higher a growth rate and biomass production, but can be expensive, has a stronger potential for heavy metal trophic transfer, and can lead to leaching of heavy metals off of the contaminated site. Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating plant species may pose less risk and be suited for smaller sites with specific heavy metal pollution whereas chelate-assisted phytoextraction may be a better approach for large sites with time sensitive phytoextraction needs, but because this method posed may risks, it needs to be highly monitored

Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Bifidobacteria b1o7 in the Prevention of Hospital Associated Infections

Hospital acquired infections are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and costs. Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) patients have increased risk for HAI. Probiotics may be beneficial in reducing HAI. A retrospective chohort study was completed to determine the effect of food form probiotics in the prevention of HAI among MICU patients. Patients received probiotic containing 50 billion colony forming units daily for periods of 24 hours to 93 days. Infection rates three years prior, eight months during, and one year post probiotic implementation were comllected and compared with incidence of HAI in the same patient population. Significant differences in the incidence of central line associated bloodstream infection, ventilator associated pneumonia and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), were indicated between control 1, the experimental group and control 2 using Chi square analysis. Food form probiotics were determined to be effective at reducing rates of CDAD in MICU patients

Models for providing improved care in residential care homes: a thematic literature review

This Annotated Bibliography is one output from a review of the available research evidence to support improved care in residential care homes as the needs of older people intensify. Key findings The review identified extremely little published evidence on residential care homes; the research base is almost exclusively related to provision of care in nursing homes. Much of this research is from the US or other non-UK sources. Although it could be argued that some findings are generalisable to the UK residential care context, a systematic process is required to identify which. The literature often makes no distinction between nursing and residential homes; use of generic terms such as ‘care home’ should be avoided. There is considerable international debate in the quality improvement literature about the relationship between quality of care and quality of life in nursing and residential homes. Measures of social care, as well as clinical care, are needed. The centrality of the resident’s voice in measuring quality of life must be recognised. Ethnic minority residents are almost entirely absent from the quality improvement literature. Some clinical areas, internationally identified as key in terms of quality e.g. palliative care, are absent in the general nursing and residential home quality improvement literature. Others such as mental health (dementia and depression), diabetes, and nutrition are present but not fully integrated. Considerable evidence points to a need for better management of medication in nursing homes. Pharmacist medication reviews have shown a positive effect in nursing homes. It is unclear how this evidence might relate to residential care. There is evidence that medical cover for nursing and residential care home residents is suboptimal. Care could be restructured to give a greater scope for proactive and preventive interventions. General practitioners' workload in care homes may be considered against quality-of-care measures. There is US literature on the relationship between nurse staffing and nursing care home quality, with quality measured through clinical-based outcomes for residents and organisational outcomes. Conclusions are difficult to draw however due to inconsistencies in the evidencebase. Hospital admission and early discharge to nursing homes research may not be generalisable to residential care. The quality of inter-institutional transfers and ensuring patient safety across settings is important. To date research has not considered transfer from residential to nursing home care. The literature on district nurse and therapist roles in care homes includes very little research on residential care. Partnership working between district nurses and care home staff appears largely to occur by default at present. There is even less research evidence on therapist input to care homes. Set against the context outlined above, the international literature provides evidence of a number of approaches to care improvement, primarily in nursing homes. These include little discussion of cost-effectiveness other than in telecare. Research is needed in the UK on care improvement in residential homes

Get Ready for the New Nutrition Facts Panel

Learn about label changes made January 2006, plus how to use food labels to make informed food choices and comparisons.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/extension_families_pubs/1038/thumbnail.jp

West Nile Disease in New Mexico: The Quest for Nucleic Acid

West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in New Mexico in 2002, with the first human cases appearing in 2003. Since that time it has become endemic in the region, and as of year-end 2005, 330 New Mexicans had been diagnosed with West Nile Fever or the more severe neuroinvasive disease as reported by the New Mexico Department of Health. An ongoing study at the University of New Mexico has collected interview and physical exam data for these individuals as well as collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from their period of acute and convalescent illness. While all of these samples have been tested to determine WNV IgM seropositivity, none of them have been characterized by the use of nucleic acid amplification test (NAT). The purpose of this study is to characterize this sample set using Real-Time reverse transcriptase polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR), an extremely sensitive NAT. The serum and CSF archived collection at UNM represents one of the most comprehensive and best-characterized sample sets available in the United States. A total of 115 samples, 111 serum and 4 CSF, were analyzed. None of the 115 samples had detectable West Nile nucleic acid

Intertidal and shallow subtidal marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands with a description of a new Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae)

This is the frst survey of marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands, though two species were previously reported from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In June 2016, we collected subtidal and intertidal sand samples from various locations throughout the British Virgin Islands. We found 602 tardigrades in 18 of 21 samples, and these included 12 taxa, one of which, Batillipes wyedeleinorum sp. nov., is new to science and described here. We compared abundance and species diversity in intertidal and subtidal samples and found signifcantly greater abundance in intertidal habitats but no signifcant diference in the number of observed species between the two habitats. We calculated Chao 1 species richness, which indicated higher estimated richness in intertidal habitats and 15 ± 3.7 species (x̅ ± SD) in both habitats combined. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling revealed diferences in species composition between the two habitats with some species showing clear preferences for one or the other.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Human Skeletal Remains from 41CP25, the Peach ORchard Overlook Site, and their Archaeological Context

Human skeletal remains analyzed from the Peach Orchard Overlook site (41CP25) were recovered from a burial exposed along the eroding shoreline of Lake Bob Sandlin in the mid-1980s. Although the remains appeared to be from a single individual, a minimum of two individuals were represented by the human remains studied by Wilson; there was also one non-human tooth (possibly a deer molar) that will not be discussed in this article. The human remains described here from the Peach Orchard Overlook site are from an Early Caddoan (ca. A.D. 1000-1200) period component, based on the recovery of Crockett Curvilinear Incised and East Incised vessels in association with the dental remains. According to Thurmond, mortuary patterns from the Early Caddoan period in the Big Cypress Creek basin are not well known because few intact burials have been found and studied