Fire patterns in central semiarid Argentina.

Wildfires can cause severe impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems depending on their frequency and behavior. We studied the environmental factors influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of fires, their size and duration in the central semiarid Argentina. We identified fires using MODIS satellite data and we analyzed their association with climate and land cover/use patterns. Spatial and temporal fire patterns varied between eastern, central and western regions according to the presence of agriculture, shrublands and water deficits, respectively. The frequency and behavior of fires also varied temporally with water conditions. Years with low effective precipitations were characterized by an important hotspot density and fire number, as well as the months preceded by two months with low effective precipitation (r 2: 0.42; p < 0.0001). We observed a spatial delay of fires in a northeast-southwest sense, related to the delay of the spring beginning (r 2: 0.7594; p < 0.0001). The mean fire sizes and duration varied significantly among vegetation types (F: 10.76, p < 0.0001 and F: 3.703, p < 0.01). Fires were bigger in shrublands and longer in shrublands or forests regarding agricultural areas or degraded areas (F: 16.0, p < 0.0001). The results obtained would be useful to prevent/control fires and to preserve natural resources and human communities.Fil: Fischer, M. A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Clima y Agua; ArgentinaFil: Di Bella, Carlos Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Clima y Agua; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jobbágy, Esteban Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentin

Performance of real evapotranspiration products and water yield estimations in Uruguay

Real evapotranspiration (ETR) is a key variable in socio-ecological systems since it is related to the food supply, climate regulation, among others. Also, ETR strongly determines the water yield (WY) at the catchment level (water available for consumption or irrigation). In that sense, quantifying ETR and WY fluctuations linked to various human pressures is essential for comprehensive water planning. In the last decades, remote sensing ETR estimations have become increasingly performed worldwide for hydrological monitoring. In Uruguay, there are several attempts to quantify the ETR through different approaches. However, assessments related to the performance of the estimates of different sources/products, particularly from remote sensing, are still lacking. The main objectives of this article were: a) to evaluate the performance of different spatial explicit approaches to estimate real ETR and b) to estimate and analyse the variability in water yield derived from the different ETR sources/products for three climatically contrasting years. To achieve this, we used four remote sensing ETR products (PMLv2, MOD16A2, Jackson et al. 1977 and Di Bella et al. 2000), with different spatial and temporal resolutions (from 500 to 1000-m and 8 to 16-d), and two water balance models at two scales, national (INIA-GRAS) and micro-watershed level (Silveira et al. 2016). Our results suggest that MODIS and PMLv2 remote sensing products demonstrated better performances. Both products have high spatial (500-m) and temporal (8-d) resolution, captured seasonal differences between land-covers and showed positive and high correlations with the annual precipitation and productivity. The differences found between products have direct implications on the WY estimates, not only in the quantity but also in its spatial pattern. Future studies should explore MODIS and PML ETR estimations for understanding hydrological and ecological processes, global climate change research, agricultural drought detection and mitigation, and water resource management.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Seguimiento de áreas anegadas en llanuras mediante sensores remotos

El anegamiento es la respuesta con la cual una llanura amortigua los excedentes de agua. En la provincia de Buenos Aires (BsAs) los anegamientos impactan fuertemente en la actividad económica y social, siendo determinante el estudio de su ocurrencia. En las últimas décadas la teledetección ha estudiado la ocurrencia de las áreas anegadas mediante imágenes LANDSAT. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de imágenes MODIS para estudiar la evolución de las aguas alojadas en superficie en ocho partidos del noroeste de la provincia de BsAs. Se generó cartografía que da cuenta de la recurrencia de anegamiento, y se obtuvieron series temporales que muestren la dinámica del área anegada en cada partido. Las imágenes MODIS demostraron su capacidad para el seguimiento de las variaciones de zonas anegadas debido a su alta periodicidad temporal, siendo el único aspecto desfavorable su resolución espacial, la cual no permite detectar pequeños anegamientos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Seguimiento de áreas anegadas en llanuras mediante sensores remotos

El anegamiento es la respuesta con la cual una llanura amortigua los excedentes de agua. En la provincia de Buenos Aires (BsAs) los anegamientos impactan fuertemente en la actividad económica y social, siendo determinante el estudio de su ocurrencia. En las últimas décadas la teledetección ha estudiado la ocurrencia de las áreas anegadas mediante imágenes LANDSAT. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de imágenes MODIS para estudiar la evolución de las aguas alojadas en superficie en ocho partidos del noroeste de la provincia de BsAs. Se generó cartografía que da cuenta de la recurrencia de anegamiento, y se obtuvieron series temporales que muestren la dinámica del área anegada en cada partido. Las imágenes MODIS demostraron su capacidad para el seguimiento de las variaciones de zonas anegadas debido a su alta periodicidad temporal, siendo el único aspecto desfavorable su resolución espacial, la cual no permite detectar pequeños anegamientos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Seguimiento de áreas anegadas en llanuras mediante sensores remotos

El anegamiento es la respuesta con la cual una llanura amortigua los excedentes de agua. En la provincia de Buenos Aires (BsAs) los anegamientos impactan fuertemente en la actividad económica y social, siendo determinante el estudio de su ocurrencia. En las últimas décadas la teledetección ha estudiado la ocurrencia de las áreas anegadas mediante imágenes LANDSAT. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de imágenes MODIS para estudiar la evolución de las aguas alojadas en superficie en ocho partidos del noroeste de la provincia de BsAs. Se generó cartografía que da cuenta de la recurrencia de anegamiento, y se obtuvieron series temporales que muestren la dinámica del área anegada en cada partido. Las imágenes MODIS demostraron su capacidad para el seguimiento de las variaciones de zonas anegadas debido a su alta periodicidad temporal, siendo el único aspecto desfavorable su resolución espacial, la cual no permite detectar pequeños anegamientos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly apparent among surgical patients. Therefore, prevention of CDI and optimization of management in the surgical patient are paramount. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of this infection.Peer reviewe

WSES/GAIS/WSIS/SIS-E/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with skin and soft tissue infections

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society-Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi-society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs. An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting evidence was shared by an international task force with different clinical backgrounds.Peer reviewe

WSES/GAIS/SIS-E/WSIS/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with intra-abdominal infections

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs. An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting information was shared by an international task force from 46 countries with different clinical backgrounds. The aim of the document is to promote global standards of care in IAIs providing guidance to clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of IAIs.Peer reviewe