Role of artificial intelligence in operations environment : a review and bibliometric analysis

Abstract: Purpose - ‘Technological Intelligence’ is the capacity to appreciate and adapt technological advancements, and ‘Artificial Intelligence’ is the key to achieve persuasive operational transformations in majority of contemporary organizational set-ups. Implicitly, artificial intelligence (the philosophies of machines to think, behave, and perform either same or similar to humans) has knocked the doors of business organizations as an imperative activity. Artificial intelligence, as a discipline, initiated by scientist John McCarthy and formally publicized at Dartmouth Conference in 1956, now occupies a central stage for many organizations. Implementation of artificial intelligence provides competitive edge to an organization with a definite augmentation in its societal and corporate status. Mere application of a concept will not furnish real output until and unless its performance is reviewed systematically. Technological changes are dynamic and advancing at a rapid rate. Subsequently, it becomes highly crucial to understand that where have we reached with respect to artificial intelligence research. Present article aims to review significant work by eminent researchers towards artificial intelligence in the form of top contributing universities, authors, keywords, funding sources, journals, and citation statistics..

Neurocysticercosis: clinical presentations, serology and radiological findings: experience in a teaching institution

Background: The objective of the study was to study the clinical presentations, serological evidence and radiological findings in cases of neurocysticercosis in a teaching institution with attached tertiary care hospital settings.Methods: A total of 60 paediatric age group patients were enrolled in the study and their clinical presentations, serological profile and radiological findings were recorded. Study data was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of the descriptive hospital based observational study conducted at Safdarjang hospital (SJ) hospital, New Delhi.Results: Generalised seizures were the most predominant clinical presentation in 28/60 cases (47%). Majority of the patients had single lesions in parietal lobe in CT head. 90% of the patients showed perilesional oedema on CT scan. Differences in IgG positivity rate in the various age groups were not significant either for serum or CSF - the p values were 0.67 & 0.052 respectively. Seropositivity was also not significantly associated with presence of active NCC lesions on CT (p= 0.254). In further analysis, diet was not found to have any significant influence on either seropositivity (p value=0.673) or on the pattern of presentation on CT (p=0.260). NBM-It is disappointing to know that only 20% urban 45%rural is aware of 8 hours NBM before surgery.Conclusions: Observations suggest there is variability in the clinical, serological and radiological presentation of neurocysticercosis when compared with standard criteria.

Industry 4.0 and the circular economy : melioration of business logistics sustainability

Abstract: Mining and mineral resources help provide the requirements of everyday life by contributing to essential products and services. In the era of fourth industrial revolution, the trend in logistics is toward a smart logistics system. Therefore, it becomes important to understand how Industry 4.0 enablers effect smart logistics, i.e., instrumented logistics, interconnected logistics, and intelligent logistics. This study investigates how Industry 4.0 logistics technologies influence dynamic remanufacturing and green manufacturing capability and, the effect on business logistics sustainability. Survey data were collected from 150 respondents using an online survey of South African executives in firms operating mines, quarries, and processing plants. Partial Least Squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that Industry 4.0 enablers have a strong effect on intelligent logistics compared to its effect on interconnected logistics and instrumented logistics. The effect of intelligent logistics are found to be very high compared to that of interconnected logistics and instrumented logistics on dynamic remanufacturing and green manufacturing capability. Finally, dynamic remanufacturing and green manufacturing capability are found to positively influence business logistics sustainability

Data acquisition system for the MuLan muon lifetime experiment

We describe the data acquisition system for the MuLan muon lifetime experiment at Paul Scherrer Institute. The system was designed to record muon decays at rates up to 1 MHz and acquire data at rates up to 60 MB/sec. The system employed a parallel network of dual-processor machines and repeating acquisition cycles of deadtime-free time segments in order to reach the design goals. The system incorporated a versatile scheme for control and diagnostics and a custom web interface for monitoring experimental conditions.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Examining the Role of Procurement 4.0 towards Remanufacturing Operations and Circular Economy

YesProcurement digitalisation can provide significant opportunities for excellence in remanufacturing operations. The close attention of firms is required during the configuration of procurement 4.0 resources for applying front end and base technologies in order to develop the correct set of these resources. Based on Resource Based View theory, this research examines the role of resources influencing procurement 4.0 for driving productivity in remanufacturing operations and circular economy performance. The survey data for this research was gathered from working professionals in South Africa and results reveal that technological resources are necessary in procurement 4.0, which can in turn improve the productivity in remanufacturing operations. An upsurge in performance in remanufacturing operations can enhance the circular economy outcome. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide insight for researchers, practitioners and academics with an empirical test of digital procurement on remanufacturing operations and of circular economy performance in an emerging economy like South Africa

Sewability of air-jet textured sewing threads in denim

Sewability of a fabric depends on the fabric low-stress mechanical properties, sewing thread properties and the sewing machine settings. This paper investigates the sewability of denim fabrics stitched with air-jet textured sewing thread. It was found that the fabric formability is dependent on the fabric weight. Fabric formability was higher for the heavyweight fabrics and lower for the lightweight fabrics. The overall bending rigidity was the lowest for the denim with the lowest formability and weight. Polyester air-jet textured sewing threads resulted in higher seam efficiency and seam pucker, but lower needle cutting index compared to Polyester/Viscose air-jet textured sewing thread. In weft direction the seam efficiency was higher, whereas in warp direction the needle cutting index was higher for all the fabrics

Correlation of age with the size of subcortical nuclei of the brain and its implication in degenerative disease: A magnetic resonance imaging study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background Aging is a non-modifiable risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. It is well established that the brain undergoes physiological atrophy with age. So, this study was conducted to analyse the correlation between the age of the person and the size of the various subcortical nuclei of the brain and whether these measurements can serve as a useful indicator for physiological atrophy leading to degenerative disease in clinical practice. Methods A total of 600 MRI scans from healthy individuals were examined and the measurements of subcortical nuclei were taken and subsequently analysed. Results A statistically significant difference between the genders was observed in the sizes of the axial diameters of caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus. Caudate nucleus transverse diameter showed a moderate negative correlation with age in males. Globus pallidus axial diameter with age showed weak positive correlation for males. Globus pallidus transverse diameter showed weak positive correlation with age for both males and females, but it was stronger for males compared to females. Conclusions These results will help neurologists and neurosurgeons in analysing various early degenerative diseases and treat them accordingly

Effect of resources and capabilities for integrating Industry 4.0 and sustainable production to unlock circular economy : a South African experience

Abstract: The study aspires to develop a theoretical model linking Industry 4.0 and cleaner production to unlock circular economy in an emerging economy of South Africa. Drawing upon Resource based view theory; the study aims to explore the firm resources and capabilities that are necessary to integrate Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainable production to further enhance circular economy performance and secondly, to investigate the impact of each research and capabilities on circular economy performance and finally, to outline agenda for ethical business development. The review of literature led to identification of thirty-five resources and capabilities that are essential for the integration of Industry 4.0 and sustainable production that will aid in unlocking circular economy. Further, exploratory factor analysis is used to group the variables under relevant factors and thereafter path modelling is performed using PLS-SEM technique. Research findings indicate that Project resources, Green team resources, Technological resources, Production and operations capabilities, Human resources capabilities, Management capabilities, Circularity capabilities, Information technology capabilities and Relationship capabilities are required for integration of I4.0 and sustainable production and further enhance CE performance. However, the Technological resources, Production and Operations capabilities and Circularity capabilities are found to have a stronger relationship with CE performance compared to rest of the resources and capabilities. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications and agenda for ethical business developments

Measurement of the Positive Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant to Part-per-Million Precision

We report a measurement of the positive muon lifetime to a precision of 1.0 parts per million (ppm); it is the most precise particle lifetime ever measured. The experiment used a time-structured, low-energy muon beam and a segmented plastic scintillator array to record more than 2 x 10^{12} decays. Two different stopping target configurations were employed in independent data-taking periods. The combined results give tau_{mu^+}(MuLan) = 2196980.3(2.2) ps, more than 15 times as precise as any previous experiment. The muon lifetime gives the most precise value for the Fermi constant: G_F(MuLan) = 1.1663788 (7) x 10^-5 GeV^-2 (0.6 ppm). It is also used to extract the mu^-p singlet capture rate, which determines the proton's weak induced pseudoscalar coupling g_P.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Improved Measurement of the Positive Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant

The mean life of the positive muon has been measured to a precision of 11 ppm using a low-energy, pulsed muon beam stopped in a ferromagnetic target, which was surrounded by a scintillator detector array. The result, tau_mu = 2.197013(24) us, is in excellent agreement with the previous world average. The new world average tau_mu = 2.197019(21) us determines the Fermi constant G_F = 1.166371(6) x 10^-5 GeV^-2 (5 ppm). Additionally, the precision measurement of the positive muon lifetime is needed to determine the nucleon pseudoscalar coupling g_P.Comment: As published version (PRL, July 2007