Volkov solutions for relativistic magnetized plasma in strong field quantum electrodynamics regime

This study shows the dynamics of relativistic electrons in terms of Dirac equation solutions when an ultra-intense short laser pulse of intensity $\ge 10^{23} {W.cm^{-2}}$ propagates through magnetized dense plasma ($B_0\approx {1MG})$. The interaction dynamics is analyzed near the strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF-QED) regime. Our study finds new solutions in plasma media considering the effects of the re-normalized mass of relativistic electrons and the nonzero effective mass of accelerated photons. We have provided a general method for constructing exact solutions of the Dirac relativistic equation that correctly explains the dynamics of electrons in the strongly magnetized plasma medium. The modified solutions of the Dirac equation for one electron are derived and compared to the Volkov solutions. The new solutions are a basis for a feasible explanation of quantum attributes of relativistic electrons in a strong electromagnetic field of very short ultra-intense laser pulses with intensity near Schwinger field intensity. The solutions are called new Volkov solutions in a plasma medium. These solutions can be used to understand better the theory of quantum radiation reaction for the next-generation laser-plasma accelerator. Our results show that the Volkov solutions are not applicable in a magnetized plasma mediumComment: 14 pages,zero figure, journal articl

Biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 are implicated in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder with variable cerebral and eye anomalies.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of PLXNA1 variants on the phenotype of patients with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns and to functionally characterize the zebrafish homologs plxna1a and plxna1b during development. METHODS: We assembled ten patients from seven families with biallelic or de novo PLXNA1 variants. We describe genotype-phenotype correlations, investigated the variants by structural modeling, and used Morpholino knockdown experiments in zebrafish to characterize the embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b. RESULTS: Shared phenotypic features among patients include global developmental delay (9/10), brain anomalies (6/10), and eye anomalies (7/10). Notably, seizures were predominantly reported in patients with monoallelic variants. Structural modeling of missense variants in PLXNA1 suggests distortion in the native protein. Our zebrafish studies enforce an embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b in the development of the central nervous system and the eye. CONCLUSION: We propose that different biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 result in a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome mainly comprising developmental delay, brain, and eye anomalies. We hypothesize that biallelic variants in the extracellular Plexin-A1 domains lead to impaired dimerization or lack of receptor molecules, whereas monoallelic variants in the intracellular Plexin-A1 domains might impair downstream signaling through a dominant-negative effect

Study - Comparison of oral azithromycin pulse with daily doxycycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Introduction: Oral azithromycin has been advocated by some in the treatment of acne. However, its efficacy has not been established. Material and Methods: This non-randomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 outpatients with acne vulgaris to compare the efficacy and safety of azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of inflammatory acne. In the first group, azithromycin was administered 500 mg daily before meals for 3 consecutive days in a 10-day cycle, with the remaining seven days in each cycle being drug-free days. The second group was given doxycycline 100 mg daily after meals. Topical erythromycin was prescribed to all patients. Clinical assessment was done at 10-day intervals for both the groups up to three months. We followed the severity index described by Michaelsson for assessment of outcome measures. Results: There was 77.26% improvement in azithromycin treated group in comparison to 63.74% in the doxycycline treated group. There was a statistically significant reduction in severity in the azithromycin treated group. Conclusion: The study showed that a combination of azithromycin with topical erythromycin was significantly better than doxycycline with topical erythromycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The incidence and severity of side effects were also lower with azithromycin

Letters to Editor - Ringworm of the scalp in a 5-day-old neonate

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Biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 are implicated in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder with variable cerebral and eye anomalies

Purpose To investigate the effect of PLXNA1 variants on the phenotype of patients with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns and to functionally characterize the zebrafish homologs plxna1a and plxna1b during development. Methods We assembled ten patients from seven families with biallelic or de novo PLXNA1 variants. We describe genotype-phenotype correlations, investigated the variants by structural modeling, and used Morpholino knockdown experiments in zebrafish to characterize the embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b. Results Shared phenotypic features among patients include global developmental delay (9/10), brain anomalies (6/10), and eye anomalies (7/10). Notably, seizures were predominantly reported in patients with monoallelic variants. Structural modeling of missense variants in PLXNA1 suggests distortion in the native protein. Our zebrafish studies enforce an embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b in the development of the central nervous system and the eye. Conclusion We propose that different biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 result in a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome mainly comprising developmental delay, brain, and eye anomalies. We hypothesize that biallelic variants in the extracellular Plexin-A1 domains lead to impaired dimerization or lack of receptor molecules, whereas monoallelic variants in the intracellular Plexin-A1 domains might impair downstream signaling through a dominant-negative effect