The Menu Approach

SUMMARY Robert Devlin's article looks in some detail at the stage before the Brady Plan was implemented, (the market menu approach), in which the concept of debt reduction was informally gradually ushered in. Amongst others, it describes and evaluates in some detail the 1988 Mexican Aztec bond scheme, the Bolivian buyback, the Brazilian 1988 financial package — that included an ‘exit’ option — and the more limited Chilean buyback. RESUME L'approche “Menu” L'article de Robert Devlin étudie en détails la période précédant l'implantation du Plan Brady (l'approche de marché “à la carte”), durant laquelle le concept de réduction des dettes a été introduit progressivement et de façon non?officielle. Entre autres, il décrit et étudie en détail le projet de liaison Mexicain Aztèque de 1988, le rachat bolivien, le marché financier brésilien de 1988 — qui avait une possibilité de “sortie” — et le rachat du Chili plus limité. RESUMEN El enfoque menú Este artículo considera con algún grado de detalle la etapa anterior a la implementación del Plan Brady (enfoque menú de mercado), en la que informalmente el concepto de reducción de la deuda se constituyó gradualmente en un guía. Entre otros, describe y evalúa el esquema de bonos Azteca de México de 1988, el de recompra de Bolivia, el paquete financiero brasileño de 1988 con su opción de salida y, el chileno de recompra, más limitado

Corporations - Securities Exchange Act of 1934 - Rule 10b-5 - Fraud

The Supreme Court of the United States has held that a cause of action under rule 10b-5 must be based on conduct that could be considered manipulative or deceptive; breach of fiduciary duty without deceit is not fraud under the rule. Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v. Green, 430 U.S. 462 (1977)

RNAseq analysis of fast skeletal muscle in restriction-fed transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) : an experimental model uncoupling the growth hormone and nutritional signals regulating growth

Background Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) transgenic for growth hormone (Gh) express Gh in multiple tissues which results in increased appetite and continuous high growth with satiation feeding. Restricting Gh-transgenics to the same lower ration (TR) as wild-type fish (WT) results in similar growth, but with the recruitment of fewer, larger diameter, muscle skeletal fibres to reach a given body size. In order to better understand the genetic mechanisms behind these different patterns of muscle growth and to investigate how the decoupling of Gh and nutritional signals affects gene regulation we used RNA-seq to compare the fast skeletal muscle transcriptome in TR and WT coho salmon. Results Illumina sequencing of individually barcoded libraries from 6 WT and 6 TR coho salmon yielded 704,550,985 paired end reads which were used to construct 323,115 contigs containing 19,093 unique genes of which >10,000 contained >90 % of the coding sequence. Transcripts coding for 31 genes required for myoblast fusion were identified with 22 significantly downregulated in TR relative to WT fish, including 10 (vaspa, cdh15, graf1, crk, crkl, dock1, trio, plekho1a, cdc42a and dock5) associated with signaling through the cell surface protein cadherin. Nineteen out of 44 (43 %) translation initiation factors and 14 of 47 (30 %) protein chaperones were upregulated in TR relative to WT fish. Conclusions TR coho salmon showed increased growth hormone transcripts and gene expression associated with protein synthesis and folding than WT fish even though net rates of protein accretion were similar. The uncoupling of Gh and amino acid signals likely results in additional costs of transcription associated with protein turnover in TR fish. The predicted reduction in the ionic costs of homeostasis in TR fish associated with increased fibre size were shown to involve multiple pathways regulating myotube fusion, particularly cadherin signaling.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Dollars and Sense: Maine State Budgeting at a Crossroads

Dollars and Sense: Maine State Budgeting at a Crossroads provides a bird\u27s eye view and analysis. The value of this approach is the capacity to take an arm\u27s length look at state finances. We hope that the broader perspective will promote viewing expenditure and tax policy issues comprehensively, not as isolated slices of the state budget pie, but rather, as interdependent building blocks of a healthy fiscal system. There is an important limitation to an outside study, however, which is actually the same as its strength: distance from the whys and whens. We do not pretend to understand every policy area as fully as specialists within government, nor to be privy to the same information. Thus, this report will be best used as a working document, to encourage and facilitate directed inquiry, open and thoughtful discussion of issues, and hopefully, decisions that can place Maine on a sound fiscal footing for the 1990\u27s.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/facbooks/1236/thumbnail.jp

Deuda externa y crisis: el ocaso de la gestión ortodoxa

Incluye BibliografíaPresenta una vision general de las reprogramaciones de las deudas latinoamericanas con la banca privada durante 1982-1985

Los bancos transnacionales y el financiamiento externo de América Latina: la experiencia del Perú, 1965-1976

Incluye BibliografíaInforma sobre los prestamos otorgados por los bancos comerciales privados a Peru. Presenta analisis historico de la economia politica, el financiamiento externo al Peru; prestamos concedidos entre 1965-70 y 1971-76; creditos; repercusiones en el desarrollo economico y en el sector publico

Recent trends in the world economy

Includes bibliograph