Performance Evaluation of Multi Antenna Techniques in LTE

High data rate requirements of the Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) systems can be achieved by adopting advanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna techniques on both uplink and downlink. The LTE air-interface supports multiple-antenna transmit arrays and different modes of multiple antenna transmissions. In this paper, performance of different MIMO techniques is evaluated using QualNet network simulator. The MIMO techniques considered for performance evaluation are SingleInput/Multiple-Output (SIMO), Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing (OLSM) and Space-Frequency Block Coding (SFBC). The performance metrics considered are throughput, delay and jitter

Performance Study of Round Robin and Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithms by Emulation for Video Traffic in LTE Networks

Video communication over mobile broadband is gaining popularity due to the increased demand for applications such as Video on Demand (VoD), IPTV, video conferencing etc. In order to support these video applications over mobile broadband, efficient video streaming within the limited bandwidth environment is essential. Further, Long Term Evolution (LTE) network incorporates advanced Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanism such as scheduling to realize efficient video streaming over limited bandwidth arena. Scheduling does the task of dividing and allocating radio resources in order to maximize system throughput and enhance Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end user. Hence, in this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of Round Robin (RR) and Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling algorithms using EXata network emulator for real video traffic generated by Video LAN (VLC) media player. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and throughput are considered as performance metrics for the emulation studies

Performance Study of Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm with Transmit Diversity Multi-Antenna Technique for Lte Network

Long Term Evolution (LTE) access network is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) which provides multi user diversity gain to enhance the system throughput. However, fading of a radio channel causes inter channel interference and reduces overall system throughput. This deteriorating effect of wireless channel fading is higher for mobile users which can be reduced by channel aware scheduling algorithm and transmit diversity multi-antenna technique. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of mobility on the performance of Proportional Fair (PF) channel aware scheduling algorithm in conjunction with transmit diversity multi-antenna technique by considering throughput, delay and jitter as performance metrics.

NINE-PROFILE AND NINE-SEGMENT TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMER FOR MASHING APPARATUS

Mashing is a process of converting the grain starch into fermentable sugar by activating the malt enzymes using a hot-water steeping process. A microcontroller-based nine-profile, nine-segment temperature programmer and four-channel temperature and rpm (rotations per minute) display system for the mashing apparatus has been designed and implemented using a PIC 16F887 microcontroller. In this apparatus, a pulse width modulation (PWM)-based programmable AC voltage controller has been designed to vary mash tub temperature at required rate, and the resistance temperature detector (RTD) PT100 has been used to measure the temperature of the mash tub and sample. The software for the microcontroller has been developed using C language to set the end temperature and time of the nine segments of nine temperature profiles through the keypad and also to implement the proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller to control the temperature of the mash tub as per user settings

Performance Evaluation of VoIP in Mobile WiMAX; Simulation and Emulation studies

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an acronym for IEEE 802.16 family which is a leading contemporary broadband wireless Access (BWA) technology. IEEE 802.16e is intended for mobile WiMAX, which supports vehicular mobility with the stringent quality of service (QoS) parameters for various data traffics. Voice over IP (VoIP) provides low cost, modern telephony which can become a better alternative for classical telephony; however there are some issues need to be addressed prior to the deployment of any new technology. Significance of simulation study results can be verified and assessed by emulation testbed results. It is expected that both the results should match closely with each other. This paper makes an effort to study the performance evaluation of VoIP for a mobile user and how the QoS parameters vary for different speeds. The simulation and emulation of a mobile WiMAX system using EXata 2.0.1 are performed. The effectiveness of the comparison of results is discussed

Performance Evaluation of Reactive Routing Protocols for IEEE 802.11

The progress of communication technology has made wireless devices smaller, less expensive and more powerful. This has initiated everyone to use various wireless network technologies such as 3G, 4G of cellular network, Ad-Hoc, IEEE 802.11 based Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Bluetooth. The performance of the routing protocols AODV, DSR and LAR are compared using Qualnet 5.0.2.Network Simulator with the metrics like average jitter, throughput, end-to-end delay, total number of bytes received and packet delivery ratio successfully routed to their destination

Effect of Adaptive Modulation and Coding Schemes on Scheduling Algorithms for LTE Downlink

Long Term Evolution (LTE) network uses Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanisms such as Scheduling and Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) for realizing Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and optimizing system performance. Scheduling is the process of dynamically allocating physical resources to User Equipments (UEs) based on scheduling algorithms implemented at MAC sublayer of the LTE base station. Whereas AMC is Link Adaptation functionality of LTE Physical layer to enhance higher system performance. AMC scheme adopted in LTE Downlink depends on the channel quality Index (CQI) feedback from User Equipments. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to study and compare the performance of Blind Equal Throughput (BET), Maximum Throughput (MT) and Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling algorithms for Downlink connections with AMC (64 QAM, 16 QAM and QPSK regions) for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic scenario. Performance metrics considered for simulation studies are throughput, delay, jitter and fairness. From the simulation results it is evident that the throughput, delay, jitter and fairness performances of the considered scheduling algorithms are better in 64QAM region. Also, MT scheduling algorithm achieves better throughput and BET scheduling algorithm achieves better fairness

MODULATION AWARE CONNECTION ADMISSION CONTROL AND UPLINK SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR WIMAX NETWORKS

Mobile WiMAX standard defines air interface for mobile broadband wireless access (BWA) systems and aimed to provide high data rate with seamless mobility while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). However, QoS of real-time applications depends on the link quality, which necessitate the channel-aware connection admission control (CAC) and scheduling schemes. In this paper Modulation aware CAC scheme and base station (BS) uplink scheduling algorithm are proposed to improve the system capacity and QoS performance respectively. The proposed CAC scheme aims to increase the admission of higher priority real time services by degrading the bandwidth of admitted lower priority connections on the basis of their channel status without deteriorating their QoS performance much. The performances of proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulation by considering the metrics like throughput, delay and number of connections admitted

IR Studies of Impurities in In-Se-Tl Bulk Chalcogenide Glassy System

Chalcogenide glasses with composition In10Se90-xTlx (7≤x≤15) and In15Se85-xTlx (2≤x≤10) are synthesized by melt quenching technique. The FT-IR transmission spectroscopy studies using KBr pellet method in the wavelength range 400-4000 cm-1 has been carried out. The In-Se-Tl glasses studies shows good transparency in the entire spectral range. There is an increase in percentage of transmittance values with increase in the Tl content. In the transmittance curve various absorption bands are seen, which are related to chemical bonds of different extrinsic impurities present in the glassy material. The vibrational properties of the impurities in the powdered samples are measured. Vibrational modes attributed to O-H hydroxyl groups, molecular H2O and carbon impurity atoms were detected in the mid-IR spectra

Establishing a Wireless Sensor Network to Monitor the Temperature in a two storied building

The advancement in information technology and the need for large-scale communication infrastructure has triggered the era of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes connected wirelessly to one another to gather information about the surrounding environment. In this paper a WSN testbed is established using Texas instruments sensor nodes to monitor the temperature in a two storied building