136 research outputs found
The Eval4NLP 2023 Shared Task on Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics
With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative
large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks
with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully
employed as evaluation metrics in text generation tasks. Within this context,
we introduce the Eval4NLP 2023 shared task that asks participants to explore
prompting and score extraction for machine translation (MT) and summarization
evaluation. Specifically, we propose a novel competition setting in which we
select a list of allowed LLMs and disallow fine-tuning to ensure a focus on
prompting. We present an overview of participants' approaches and evaluate them
on a new reference-free test set spanning three language pairs for MT and a
summarization dataset. Notably, despite the task's restrictions, the
best-performing systems achieve results on par with or even surpassing recent
reference-free metrics developed using larger models, including GEMBA and
Comet-Kiwi-XXL. Finally, as a separate track, we perform a small-scale human
evaluation of the plausibility of explanations given by the LLMs
Anomalous layering at the liquid Sn surface
X-ray reflectivity measurements on the free surface of liquid Sn are
presented. They exhibit the high-angle peak, indicative of surface-induced
layering, also found for other pure liquid metals (Hg, Ga and In). However, a
low-angle peak, not hitherto observed for any pure liquid metal, is also found,
indicating the presence of a high-density surface layer. Fluorescence and
resonant reflectivity measurements rule out the assignment of this layer to
surface-segregation of impurities. The reflectivity is modelled well by a 10%
contraction of the spacing between the first and second atomic surface layers,
relative to that of subsequent layers. Possible reasons for this are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; to be submitted to Phys. Rev. B; updated
references, expanded discussio
Förderung von interkultureller Kompetenz durch Auseinandersetzung mit Filmen?
Horstmann S. Förderung von interkultureller Kompetenz durch Auseinandersetzung mit Filmen? In: Chlosta C, Jung M, Fachverband Deutsch als Fremdsprache, eds. DaF integriert. Literatur - Medien - Ausbildung. 36. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Deutsch als Fremdsprache 2008 an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. Materialien Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Vol 81. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag; 2010: 59-71
The pseudokinase MLKL mediates programmed hepatocellular necrosis independently of RIPK3 during hepatitis
Although necrosis and necroinflammation are central features of many liver diseases, the role of programmed necrosis in the context of inflammation-dependent hepatocellular death remains to be fully determined. Here, we have demonstrated that the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which plays a key role in the execution of receptor interacting protein (RIP) lcinase-dependent necroptosis, is upregulated and activated in human autoimmune hepatitis and in a murine model of inflammation-dependent hepatitis. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we determined that hepatocellular necrosis in experimental hepatitis is driven by an MLKL-dependent pathway that occurs independently of RIPK3. Moreover, we have provided evidence that the cytotoxic activity of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma in hepatic inflammation is strongly connected to induction of MLKL expression via activation of the transcription factor STAT1. In summary, our results reveal a pathway for MLKL-dependent programmed necrosis that is executed in the absence of RIPK3 and potentially drives the pathogenesis of severe liver diseases
Surface oxidation of liquid Sn
We report the results of an x-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation
kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at
the liquid-vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid
Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of
\~5.0*10-6 Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the
liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the
oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The
observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not
match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of
the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that
are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure
phases of Sn oxides.
Keywords: X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection; Oxidation; Surface
chemical reaction; Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography;
Tin; Tin oxides; Liquid surfaces; Polycrystalline thin filmsComment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; Submitted to Surface Scienc
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