Impact of Instagram Usage Intensity on Self-Esteem among Preclinical Medical Students

Background: Instagram is one of the social media that is growing rapidly in Indonesia. However, the impact of Instagram usage intensity, especially on the users’ emotional well-being, is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of the intensity of using Instagram on the self-esteem among preclinical medical students in Jakarta.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach in preclinical medical students in Jakarta, Indonesia, conducted from January 2020 to January 2021. Sampling was performed by stratified random sampling followed by simple random sampling. Instagram usage intensity and self-esteem were measured using the Instagram Intensity Scale Questionnaire (IISQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: Of the108 students, 45.4% had used Instagram above the usage intensity average (average 3.01), of whom 30.6% had low self-esteem (15 out of 49). There was a significant relationship between Instagram usage intensity and self-esteem (p=0.031).Conclusion: Instagram usage intensity has an impact on the self-esteem of preclinical medical students. Further studies are needed to explore this issue, as to see other contributing factors and a larger population with different characteristics.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS TIDUR DENGAN SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST PADA DEWASA MUDA DAN DEWASA TUA DI JAKARTA

Introduction: The general population often experiences lack of sleep and has poor sleep quality. Both can affect many things to the body, one is physical functional capacity. Physical functional capacity can be measured using a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Many studies have discussed about 6MW, however, none of the studies have specifically found its association with quality and quantity of sleep in young and older adults in Jakarta.Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted on two groups, young and older adults. Data were collected from demographic questionnaires, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a six-minute walk test, which was directly measured. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi-square and independent T-test.Results: 62,5% of 40 young adults have poor sleep quality, while for older adults, only 26,7%. There are 67,5% of young adults that have inadequate sleep while for older adults, only 48,9%. Based on observation in 39 older adults, 57,9% walking distance of male older adults and 65% walking distance of female older adults were normal. In young male and female adults, normal walking distance was found in 50% and 44,4%, respectively. The bivariate analysis results showed a significant positive association between quality of sleep and 6MWT (p=0,03). There is no significant association between the quantity of sleep and 6MWT (p=0,797).Conclusion: Older adults have a higher number of good sleep quality and adequate sleep, a normal range of distance walked, and a farther mean distance walked than the young adults. There is a positive association between sleep quality and the 6MWT in both groups. A six-minute walk test needs to be considered more often as a measurement tool in evaluating sleep quality and quantity and its effect on physical function.Pendahuluan: Kurangnya jumlah jam tidur dan kualitas tidur yang buruk sering dialami oleh populasi umum. Keduanya, dapat berdampak banyak hal pada tubuh, salah satunya adalah kapasitas fungsional fisik. Kapasitas fungsional fisik dapat diukur menggunakan six-minute walk test (6MWT). Penelitian yang membahas mengenai 6MWT sudah banyak namun belum ada yang secara spesifik mencari hubungan antara kualitas dan kuantitas tidur dengan 6MWT pada dewasa muda dan dewasa tua.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan secara potong lintang pada dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok dewasa muda dan dewasa tua. Data diambil dari kuesioner demografi, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), dan pengukuran six-minute walk test secara langsung. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan metode uji kai kuadrat dan uji T tidak berpasangan.Hasil: Dari 40 dewasa muda, 62,5% dewasa muda mempunyai kualitas tidur buruk sedangkan dewasa tua hanya 26,7%. Sebanyak 67,5% dewasa muda mempunyai kuantitas tidur yang kurang sedangkan untuk dewasa tua hanya 48,9%. Dari 39 dewasa tua, 57,9% dewasa tua laki-laki dan 65% dewasa tua perempuan menempuh jarak normal sedangkan dewasa muda laki-laki hanya sebanyak 50% dan perempuan sebanyak 44,4%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kualitas tidurdengan six-minute walk test (p=0,03) namun tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kuantitas tidur dengan six-minute walk test (p=0,797).Simpulan: Dewasa tua yang memiliki kualitas tidur baik dan kuantitas tidur cukup lebih banyak, menempuh jarak normal lebih banyak dan mempunyai rata-rata jarak lebih jauh dibandingkan dewasa muda. Terdapat hubungan positif antara kualitas tidur dengan six-minute walk test pada kedua kelompok. Pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan six-minute walk test perlu lebih banyak digunakan