EEG Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for nearly 70% of the more than 50 million dementia cases estimated worldwide. There is no cure for AD. Currently, AD diagnosis is carried out using neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging scans, and laboratory tests. In the early stages of AD, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings may be normal, but in late periods, diffuse cortical atrophy can be detected more prominently in the temporal and frontal regions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that records the electrical signals of the brain by using electrodes that directly reflects cortical neuronal functioning. In addition, EEG is noninvasive and widely available at low cost, has high resolution, and provides access to neuronal signals, unlike functional MR or PET which indirectly detects metabolic signals. Accurate, specific, and cost-effective biomarkers are needed to track the early diagnosis, progression, and treatment response of AD. The findings of EEG in AD are now identified as biomarkers. In this chapter, we reviewed studies that used EEG or event-related potential (ERP) indices as a biomarker of AD

Effects of Lacosamide in Cerebral Tuberculoma-Induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Case Report

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is characterized by unexplained changes in behavior and mental status accompanied with continuous seizure activity seen on electroencephalography (EEG). Treatment is similar to treatment of status epilepticus. Lacosamide is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that slow inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels. It has high oral bioavailability, is low protein binding and is primarily metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2C19. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis may present with signs of parenchymal lesions instead of meningitis. Presently described is a patient who was diagnosed as CNS tuberculosis a year ago with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Status could be not be controlled with levetiracetam; however, use of lacosamide successfully resolved nonconvulsive status epilepticus

Clinical Experience with Adjunctive Lacosamide in Adult Patients with Focal Seizures

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report first clinical experience in Turkey using lacosamide (LCM) as adjunctive therapy in patients with focal onset seizure

Epilepsy due to Intracranial Surgery: 15 Years of Experience

Objectives: Epidemiological studies have shown increased incidence of epilepsy in cases of brain trauma, central nervous system infection, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and brain tumors. Etiology of epilepsy varies according to age. In the etiology of partial and secondarily generalized partial seizures in adult patients, CVD is the most common cause of acute, symptomatic seizures. Frequency of seizures is estimated to be 15%-20% after cranial operations. In this study, characteristics of patients undergoing cranial surgery were investigated retrospectively

The effect of preoperative anxiety on postoperative analgesia and anesthesia recovery in patients undergoing laparascopic cholecystectomy

Purpose In patients who are hospitalized for surgery, anxiety disorders are frequently observed. Anxiety affects the patient's perception of postoperative pain and has a negative impact on recovery from anesthesia. This study attempted to compare the effect of preoperative anxiety on postoperative pain control and recovery from anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Evaluation of Autonomic Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a condition in which ever-repeating obstruction of upper airway during the sleep. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the autonomic nervous system function in patients with moderate to severe OSAS. Materials an

Noninvasive ventilation in cancer children with acute respiratory failure

WOS: 000398493700005Objective: To establish the effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in cancer children with acute respiratory failure. Methods: The data of 33 cancer patients were obtained prospectively from six different pediatric intensive care units in Turkey between the years of 2012 and 2013. Results: The diagnosis was leukemias in 25 (75.8%), lymphomas in 3 (9.1%) and other solid tumors in 5 (15.1%) patients. Pneumonia in 12 (36.3%) and sepsis in 15 (45.4%) patients were seen as the common reasons of respiratory failure. The mean PaO2/ FiO2 ratios were (164.22 +/- 37.24) and (126.80 +/- 42.73) in noninvasive ventilation success and failure group, respectively. Noninvasive ventilation was successful in 18 (54.5%) patients. The failure group consisted of 15 patients required intubation. A total of 14 (42.4%) patients died. The clinical outcome in terms of success and failure was meaningful statistically (P = 0.0 00 1). Conclusions: Our results could encourage the use of noninvasive ventilation in children with cancer who develop acute respiratory failure. It should be considered as a useful therapeutic approach to avoid endotracheal intubation