Efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination as transition therapy in patients previously on prostaglandin analog monotherapy

Vital Paulino Costa1, Hamilton Moreira2, Mauricio Della Paolera3, Maria Rosa Bet de Moraes Silva41Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, São Paulo, 2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 3Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, 4Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, BrazilPurpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of transitioning patients whose intraocular pressure (IOP) had been insufficiently controlled on prostaglandin analog (PGA) monotherapy to treatment with travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination with benzalkonium chloride (TTFC).Methods: This prospective, multicenter, open-label, historical controlled, single-arm study transitioned patients who had primary open-angle glaucoma, pigment dispersion glaucoma, or ocular hypertension and who required further IOP reduction from PGA monotherapy to once-daily treatment with TTFC for 12 weeks. IOP and safety (adverse events, corrected distance visual acuity, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy) were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 12. A solicited ocular symptom survey was administered at baseline and at week 12. Patients and investigators reported their medication preference at week 12.Results: Of 65 patients enrolled, 43 had received prior travoprost therapy and 22 had received prior nontravoprost therapy (n = 18, bimatoprost; n = 4, latanoprost). In the total population, mean IOP was significantly reduced from baseline (P = 0.000009), showing a 16.8% reduction after 12 weeks of TTFC therapy. In the study subgroups, mean IOP was significantly reduced from baseline to week 12 (P = 0.0001) in the prior travoprost cohort (19.0% reduction) and in the prior nontravoprost cohort (13.1% reduction). Seven mild, ocular, treatment-related adverse events were reported. Of the ten ocular symptom questions, eight had numerically lower percentages with TTFC compared with prior PGA monotherapy and two had numerically higher percentages with TTFC (dry eye symptoms and ocular stinging/burning). At week 12, TTFC was preferred over prior therapy for 84.2% of patients (48 of 57) by the patients themselves, and for 94.7% of patients (54 of 57) by their physicians.Conclusion: When TTFC replaced PGA monotherapy in patients whose IOP had been uncontrolled, the outcome was a significant reduction in IOP and an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Most patients and investigators preferred TTFC to prior PGA monotherapy.Keywords: fixed combination, glaucoma, intraocular pressure, prostaglandin analog, timolol, travopros

The role of frequency doubling perimetry in the diagnosis of glaucoma: screening in employees of a public hospital in an urban area of São Paulo

PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of glaucoma in employees of a public hospital in São Paulo and to analyze the role of frequency doubling perimetry along with non-contact tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy, in the screening for glaucoma. METHODS: 612 employees of the Central Hospital of the Santa Casa de São Paulo were evaluated from October 15 to 20, 2000; 438 were women and 174 men, with mean age of 45.05±7.7 years (range, 35 to 81 years); 437 were white, 104 mulatto, 43 black and 28 Asian. All examinations were done by 10 eye specialists with experience in glaucoma. All employees had both eyes examined, by means of frequency doubling perimetry (FDT), ophthalmoscopy (FO), and non-contact tonometry (TNC). RESULTS: 159 (25.98%) subjects presented with at least one abnormal testing; 5 (3.14%) had high IOP (TNC+); 13 (8.17%) presented suspicious disk (FO+); 110 (69.18%) presented abnormal FDT (FDP+); 8 (5.03%) TNC+ and FO+; 10 (6.28%) had TNC+ and FDT+; 9 (5.66%) presented FO+ and FDT+; 4 (2.51%) had TNC+, FO+ and FDT+; 12 (1.96%) individuals were diagnosed with glaucoma, four of whom (0.65%), with normal pressure glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency doubling perimetry was found to be an important step in the screening for glaucoma in the study. Of the 12 individuals that had the diagnosis of glaucoma, 5 (41.6%) would not have been diagnosed if they had not undergone frequency doubling perimetry.OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência de glaucoma, em funcionários da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo e analisar a validade da inclusão da perimetria de freqüência dupla junto à tonometria de não-contato e à oftalmoscopia direta, na triagem para glaucoma. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 612 funcionários voluntários, 438 mulheres e 174 homens, com idade média de 45,05±7,7 anos. Eram 437 da raça branca, 104 mulatos, 43 da raça negra e 28 da raça amarela. Todos os funcionários tiveram ambos os olhos examinados por especialistas em glaucoma, que realizaram os seguintes exames: perimetria de freqüência dupla (FDT), oftalmoscopia direta (FO), tonometria de não-contato (TNC). RESULTADOS: Dos 612 indivíduos triados, 159 (25,98%) apresentaram alguma anormalidade em pelo menos um dos exames: 5 (3,14%) apresentaram pressão intra-ocular elevada (TNC+); 13 (8,17%) apresentaram oftalmoscopia suspeita (FO+); 110 (69,18%) apresentaram perimetria de freqüência dupla alterado (FDT+); 8 (5,03%) TNC+ e FO+; 10 (6,28%) TNC+ e FDT+; 9 (5,66%) FO+ e FDT+; 4 (2,51%) TNC+, FO+ e FDT+. Foram detectados 12 (1,96%) indivíduos com glaucoma, quatro dos quais (0,65%) com glaucoma de pressão normal. CONCLUSÕES: A perimetria de freqüência dupla mostrou-se útil para o rastreamento de glaucoma dentro da amostragem estudada. Do total de 12 indivíduos que tiveram o diagnóstico de glaucoma, 5 (41,6%) não teriam sido detectados se não tivessem sido submetidos a perimetria de freqüência dupla.Santa Casa de São Paulo Departamento de OftalmologiaSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Departamento de Oftalmologia Setor de GlaucomaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OftalmologiaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

On the decomposition numbers of the finite unitary groups in non-defining characteristic

BackgroundPrimary congenital glaucoma (PCG), occurs due to the developmental defects in the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle in children. PCG exhibits genetic heterogeneity and the CYP1B1 gene has been widely implicated worldwide. Despite the diverse mutation spectra, the clinical implications of these mutations are yet unclear. the present study attempted to delineate the clinical profile of PCG in the background of CYP1B1 mutations from a large cohort of 901 subjects from India (n=601) and Brazil (n=300).MethodsGenotype-phenotype correlations was undertaken on clinically well characterized PCG cases from India (n=301) and Brazil (n=150) to assess the contributions of CYP1B1 mutation on a set of demographic and clinical parameters. the demographic (gender, and history of consanguinity) and quantitative clinical (presenting intraocular pressure [IOP] and corneal diameter [CD]) parameters were considered as binary and continuous variables, respectively, for PCG patients in the background of the overall mutation spectra and also with respect to the prevalent mutations in India (R368H) and Brazil (4340delG). All these variables were fitted in a multivariate logistic regression model using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) using the R software (version 2.14.1).ResultsThe overall mutation spectrum were similar across the Indian and Brazilian PCG cases, despite significantly higher number of homozygous mutations in the former (p=0.024) and compound heterozygous mutations in the later (p=0.012). A wide allelic heterogeneity was observed and only 6 mutations were infrequently shared between these two populations. the adjusted ORs for the binary (demographic) and continuous (clinical) variables did not indicate any susceptibility to the observed mutations (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation of the demographic and clinical traits to CYP1B1 mutations in PCG at presentation. However, the susceptibility of these mutations to the long-term progression of these traits are yet to be deciphered