Methane-oxidizing archaea, aerobic methanotrophs and nitrifiers coexist with methane as the sole carbon source

Methane oxidation plays a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling and has the potential to be applied in engineered bioprocesses, including wastewater and gas treatments. To provide insights into the dynamics of the methanotrophic community under microoxic and anoxic conditions, two sequencing batch reactors under microoxic (MO2-SBR) and anoxic (Anox-SBR) conditions were operated. The methane oxidation rate was higher under microoxic conditions (5.3 +/- 0.9 mmol.batch cycle(-1)) than anoxic conditions (3.1 +/- 0.8 mmol.batch cycle(-1)). Higher methane oxidation led to higher nitrate reduction rates (9.4 +/- 2.5 mgN.batch cycle(-1) and 4.0 +/- 2.0 mg N.batch cycle(-1) for MO2-SBR and Anox-SBR, respectively). 16S rDNA sequencing revealed reads corresponding to aerobic oxidizers (0.5% and 2.0% for Anox-SBR and MO2-SBR, respectively), to the Nitrosospira genus (26.6% and 28.3% for Anox-SBR and MO2-SBR, respectively), and to anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) (4.0% and 3.5% for Anox-SBR and for MO2-SBR, respectively). Nitrifying organisms are capable of oxidizing methane due to the homology between the enzymes ammonia monooxygenase and methane monooxygenase. These findings seem to indicate that methane oxidation is carried out by versatile metabolic pathways and couples with other biological processes, such as denitrification1385762FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2013/08257-8; 2009/15984-

Microbial Diversity And The Implications Of Sulfide Levels In An Anaerobic Reactor Used To Remove An Anionic Surfactant From Laundry Wastewater.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) from commercial laundry wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor with two specific LAS loading rates (SLLRs), 1.0 and 2.7 mg LAS gVS(-1)d (-1). The biomass was characterized using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S Ion Tag sequencing. Higher LAS removal (92.9%) was observed in association with an SLLR of 1.0 mg LAS gVS(-1) d(-1) than with an SLLR of 2.7 mg LAS gVS(-1) d(-1) (58.6%). A relationship between the S(-2) concentration in the effluent and the surfactant removal efficiency was observed. This result is indicative of the inhibition of LAS-removing microbiota at S(-2) concentrations greater than 20 mg SL(-1). By using DGGE, microbial stratification was observed in the reactor in association with granule size, even though the reactor is considered to be a completely mixed regime. The RDP-classifier identified 175 genera, 33 of which were related to LAS degradation.19237-4

Evaluation of anionic surfactant removal in anaerobic reactor with Fe(III) supplementation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) associated with Fe(III) supplementation using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. The reactor was inoculated with a granular sludge and fed with synthetic wastewater containing a specific LAS load rate (SLLR) of 1.5 mg gVS(-1) d(-1) (similar to 16.4 mgLAS L-1 influent) and supplied with 7276 mu Mol L-1 of Fe(III). The biomasses from the inoculum and at the end of the EGSB-Fe operation (127 days) were characterized using 16S rRNA Ion Tag sequencing. An increase of 20% in the removal efficiency was observed compared to reactors without Fe(III) supplementation that was reported in the literature, and the LAS removal was approximately 84%. The Fe(III) reduction was dissimilatory (the total iron concentration in the influent and effluent were similar) and reached approximately 64%. The higher Fe(III) reduction and LAS removal were corroborated by the enrichment of genera, such as Shewanella (only EGSB-Fe - 0.5%) and Geobacter (1% - inoculum; 18% - EGSB-Fe). Furthermore, the enrichment of genera that degrade LAS and/or aromatic compounds (3.8% - inoculum; 29.6% - EGSB-Fe of relative abundance) was observed for a total of 20 different genera. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) associated with Fe(III) supplementation using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. The reactor was inoculated with a granular sludge and fed with syn1833687693FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)2011/06783-1 ; 2014/16426-0This study was funded by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Process n. 2011/06783-1 and 2014/16426-0

Influence of pulp on the microbial diversity during cupuassu fermentation

Influence of pulp on the microbial diversity during cupuassu fermentationCupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) is a fruit belonging to the same genus as cocoa and, through seed fermentation, a chocolate-like product called “the cupulate” is obtained. The pulp is removed from the seeds before fermentation because its abundance hinders the process. Unlike cocoa, little is known about the microbial diversity involved in cupuassu fermentation. The goal of this study was to explore the use of next-generation sequencing to identify the yeasts and bacteria communities involved in cupuassu seed fermentation on three different pulp concentrations (0, 7.5, and 15%) as well as two turning schemes on the microbial growth. In order to do that, a massive sequencing of the 16S and ITS4 rRNA region (S) using the Illumina MiSeq Platform identified some genera of bacteria and yeasts, respectively, in the fermentation environment. Taxonomic analyses of both communities, especially at the genus level, revealed a predominance of yeasts such as Pichia and Hanseniaspora, and bacteria such as Acetobacter and Lactobacillus. A predominance of bacteria over yeasts diversity was observed in the experiments with higher pulp concentrations (15%). The physicochemical analysis showed that fermentation of samples with 15% pulp exhibited longer fermentation times, the highest temperatures, and elevated production of organic acids such as acetic acid, a precursor of flavor. In addition, the turning applied every 24 h to the mass slightly favored the formation of flavor precursors. It seems that the abundance and composition of cupuassu pulp, rich in organic compounds, can influence the diversity of some populations of yeasts. Some of those compounds identified in previous studies are terpenes with antimicrobial activity. More studies will be necessary to confirm if the presence of terpenes compounds in the cupuassu pulp exert some inhibitory action on microorganism diversity318CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP485287/2011-02012/00296-

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM SOLID AND LIQUID FRACTIONS OF HYDROTHERMALLY PRETREATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN A CONTINUOUS COMPARTMENTALIZED REACTOR AND POTENTIAL METABOLIC PATHWAYS

Solid and liquid fractions of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were simultaneously used as substrate of a novel continuous compartmentalized reactor. The effect of four (56, 42, 28, and 14 h) hydraulic retention time (HRT) and three (0.5, 3.0, and 9.0 g L-1) chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were evaluated on hydrogen (H2) and organic acids production. Higher H2 production and yield (686 mL and 1.63 mol mol-1 carbohydrate, respectively) were obtained under an HRT of 28 h, probably due to the Clostridium and Thermoanaerobacterium metabolisms, which accounted for almost 60% of the microbial relative abundance. Under lower and higher HRT (14 and 56 h, respectively) lactic acid prevailed without hydrogen production. Other value-added chemicals such as citric, valeric and caproic acids were also obtained according to the HRT. From the functional point of view, enzymes from the glycoside hydrolases group (GHs) potentially performed important roles in the lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion

Land use and seasonal effects on the soil microbiome of a Brazilian dry forest.

Drylands occupy approximately 41% of the Earth?s terrestrial surface. Climate change and land use practices are expected to affect biogeochemical cycling by the soil microbiome in these ecosystems. Understanding how soil microbial community might respond to these drivers is extremely important to mitigate the processes of land degradation and desertification. The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome composed of an extensive seasonal tropical dry forest, is exposed to variable spatiotemporal rainfall patterns as well as strong human-driven pressures. Herein, an integrated analysis of shotgun metagenomics approach coupled to meteorological data was employed to unravel the impact of seasonality and land use change on soil microbiome from preserved and agriculture-affected experimental fields in Caatinga drylands. Multivariate analysis suggested that microbial communities of preserved soils under seasonal changes were shaped primarily by water deficit, with a strong increase of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria members in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In contrast, nutrient availability notably played a critical role in driving the microbial community in agriculture-affected soils. The strong enrichment of bacterial genera belonging to the poorly-known phylum Acidobacteria (?Candidatus Solibacter? and ?Candidatus Koribacter?) in soils from dry season affected by ferti-irrigation practices presupposes a contrasting copiotrophic lifestyle and ecological role in mitigating the impact of chemical fertilization. Functional analyses identify overrepresented genes related to osmotic stress response (synthesis of osmoprotectant compounds, accumulation of potassium ions) and preferential carbon and nitrogen utilization when comparing the microbiome of preserved soils under seasonal changes, reflecting differences in the genetic potential for nutrient cycling and C acquisition in the environment. However, the prevalence of nitrosative stress and denitrification functions in irrigation/fertilization-affected soils of the dry season clearly suggest that nutrient input and disruption of natural water regime may impact biogeochemical cycles linked to the microbial processes, with potential impacts on the ecosystem functionality. These findings help to better understand how natural seasonality and agricultural management differentially affect soil microbial ecology from dry forests, providing support for the development of more sustainable land management in dryland ecosystems.Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-16T00:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloIvan.pdf: 3358774 bytes, checksum: 5dfd568c4434d96d157035db6fd3aa10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019bitstream/item/195849/1/Paulo-Ivan.pdfArticle 648