Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Nuovi approcci metodologici per la verifica dei trattamenti termici del latte

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Biblioteca Centrale / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Circular Enhancement of the Cultural Heritage: An Adaptive Reuse Strategy for Ercolano Heritagescape

The circular economy paradigm identifies the need for rational use and adequate reuse of all resources, including cultural heritage. This study explores the opportunity to apply a circular economy model to culture-led regeneration processes oriented to cultural heritage valorisation. The methodological process identified tries to structure an integrated approach, able to combine the tools of building renovation and that of multidimensional evaluation to define a circular enhancement strategy for cultural heritage. Starting from the local cultural values and the changing uses of urban spaces related to the case study of the municipality of Ercolano (Italy), the structured decisionmaking process analyse how to optimise tangible/intangible cultural resources for local and sustainable development; to generate values and activate the engagement of communities through new sustainable uses; to build widespread and capillary complex networks among people, values, and spaces. In this interdisciplinary approach, the role of cultural and creative industries (CCI) is ever more significant, with the ability to create communication between management models, sustainability assessments, deliberative approaches and conservation strategies, regeneration and enhancement of cultural heritage