A retrospective analysis of bone tumors and tumor like lesions: a hospital based study of 76 cases

Background: Globally Bone tumors constitute 0.5% of the total World Cancer Incidence. In addition to benign and malignant bone tumors there are a number of nonneoplastic lesions that present in a manner similar to neoplastic conditions. Relevant demographic features such as age, sex and skeletal site are important to come to a conclusive diagnosis. The present study aims to show the prevalence and demography of bone tumors and tumor like lesions.Methods: A total of 76 cases of Bone Tumors and Tumor like Lesions were studied. They were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, site of tumor and histologic types. Classification was done according to WHO histologic Classification of Bone Tumors.Results: There were 49 cases of primary bone tumors and tumor Like lesions with a median age of 22 years and 27 cases of metastatic bone tumors with a median age of 56 years. Males are more commonly affected. Osteosarcomas and Chondrosarcomas are the most common primary malignant Bone Tumors.Conclusions: Metastatic bone tumors constitute the highest number of bone tumors occurring at an older age group. Maximum numbers of bone tumors are found in the age range 11-20 years and all are primary bone tumor and tumor like lesions

Exact closed form solutions of compound Kdv Burgers’ equation by using generalized (Gʹ/G) expansion method

In this investigation, the compound Korteweg-de Vries (Kd-V) Burgers equation with constant coefficients is considered as the model, which is used to describe the properties of ion-acoustic waves in plasma physics, and also applied for long wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion and dissipation. The aim of this paper to achieve the closed and dynamic closed form solutions of the compound KdV Burgers equation. We derived the completely new solutions to the considered model using the generalized (Gʹ/G)-expansion method. The newly obtained solutions are in form of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions, and rational function solutions with inverse terms of the trigonometric, hyperbolic functions. The dynamical representations of the obtained solutions are shown as the annihilation of three-dimensional shock waves, periodic waves, and multisoliton through their three dimensional and contour plots. The obtained solutions are also compared with previously exiting solutions with both analytically and numerically, and found that our results are preferable acceptable compared to the previous results.Publisher's Versio

Fodder Yield of Baby Corn (\u3cem\u3eZea mays\u3c/em\u3e L.) as Influenced by Mulching, Liming and Integrated Nutrition Management under Foot Hill Condition of Nagaland

Baby corn (Zea mays L.) being one of the most important dual purpose crop is grown widely round the year for its cob as well as green fodder in India. It has an edge over the other cultivated fodder crops due to its higher production potential, wider adaptability, fast growing nature and excellent fodder quality free from toxicants. Baby corn production has been directly integrated with dairying farms in different countries because only 13-20% of fresh ear weight is used as human food and the rest (silk, husk and green stalk) can be used as excellent feed materials for milch ruminants to improve their productivity. By adopting the good agro-techniques, it is possible to produce 40-45 t/ha of fresh green fodder, which could raise a net income of Rs. 40-45×103 /ha as such it may prove to be a boon for small and marginal farmers for improving their socio-economic conditions. Hence, the mulching, liming and balanced nutrient management is the key input to ensure the higher productivity in terms of baby corn and fodder under the foot hill condition of Nagaland

A study on fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions with correlation to histopathological examination with special reference to Bethesda system of reporting at a tertiary care centre

Background: Annual incidence of thyroid nodules ranges from 40,000 to 70,000 per 1 lac population worldwide. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is widely accepted simple, cost effective and quick to perform outpatient procedure with minimal complication. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Bethesda, Maryland, United States standardized the reporting system for thyroid FNA by using Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology.Methods: FNA was performed in total 155 patients presenting with the thyroid swelling with or without Ultrasonography (USG) guidance. All patients were analyzed for age, gender, type of lesions. FNA was done and smears were examined and reported according to Bethesda system of reporting for thyroid cytopathology. Findings were correlated with post-operative histopathological diagnoses in 103 cases who underwent surgery.Results: Out of total 155 patients, 32 were male and 123 were female. Average age of presentation was 38.4 years. On cytology, according to Bethesda system, most cases were in benign category (76.1%) followed by malignant (8.4%). On histopathological study most common diagnosis was colloid goiter followed by papillary thyroid carcinoma. From the study it was found that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions were 81.8%, 97.3% and 95.4% respectively.Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is simple, easy to perform, cost effective procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in case of thyroid lesions

Bio-medical waste management in different hospitals of Guwahati and its effect on environment

Biomedical waste may be defined as the waste which is produced during the diagnosis, research activities, treatment of patients, treatment of animals, production and testing of biological product and including articles as mentioned in schedule I of the Biomedical Waste (Management and handling) (second amendment) Rules 2000, as per Ministry of  Environment and Forests notification. Proper treatment, handling, and disposal of biomedical wastes is essential for healthcare infection control program. There may be a high risk of infections in patients due to the poor management of biomedical waste which can lead to antibiotic resistance. It is not only the health of the patient, but also the health of persons who are associated with health care industry equally important. This article speaks about how the hospitals present in Guwahati treat their waste material and the effect of the waste in the environmen

Burden of head and neck cancers in Kamrup urban district cancer registry of Assam, India: a retrospective study

Background: Head and Neck cancers are basically squamous cell carcinomas. It is the fifth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer mortality in the world. Incidence of cancer as a whole for all sites is fourth highest in Kamrup Urban District (KUD) in males (AAR 185.2) and second highest (AAR 156.3) in females out of all Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) in India. Incidence of head and neck cancers in KUD is quite high both nationally and internationally. This retrospective study was carried out to assess the incidence pattern of head and neck cancers in Kamrup Urban District of Assam, India for the period of 2009-2011.  Methods: Cancer is not notifiable in India, so method of collecting information on cancer was active in PBCR Guwahati. A total of 4416 cases were registered during the three years (1st January 2009- 31st December 2011) of which 2508 were male and 1908 female. Statistical analysis used: Age Adjusted Rate (AAR), Crude Rate (CR) and Population pyramids are provided by NCRP-ICMR.Results: The relative proportion of head and neck cancers of total cancer cases registered in KUD constitutes 26% (654/2508) and 12% (225/1908) in male and female respectively. In males cancer of hypopharynx (AAR 14.7) was most common followed by tongue (AAR 9.4) and mouth (AAR 7.7). In females cancer of mouth (AAR 7.6) is most common followed by cancer of tongue (AAR 3.2).Conclusion: The pattern and incidence of various head and neck cancers is of utmost importance for primary prevention and early detection to adequately manage these cancers comprehensively in the community.

Art. 1.1475/ringraziamenti

Abstract. -Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Almost a third of the world's population is infected with TB bacilli, and each year approximately 8 million people develop active tuberculosis and 2 million die as a result. However, there are few studies of long-term TB treatment outcomes from Directly Observed Therapy, Shor t-course (DOTS) programs in high-burden settings and particularly settings of high drug resistance. This study is a systematic review to evidence the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and disease and to evaluate the impact of various preventive strategies that have been attempted. To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic databases and journals, and contacted experts in the field. This review demonstrates that, various types of tuberculosis have different imaging findings, and typical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MG) findings can suggest the diagnosis. Available evidence reinforces the need to design and implement simple, effective, and affordable tuberculosis infection-control programs in health-care facilities in our countries. With the revision of all the data's, we are able to conclude that the controlling of tuberculosis by human beings is yet not achieved. So, there is an urgency to develop awareness amongst the individuals and also a new drugs regimen for the proper treatment of tuberculosis

Development of three UV-spectroscopic methods for simultaneous estimation of raloxifene and aspirin in pharmaceutical dosage form: Whiteness and greenness assessment with application of ComplexGAPI, AGREE, and RGB

This study evaluates three spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying a binary combination of raloxifene and aspirin in terms of whiteness and greenness. Application of green and white analytical chemistry has gained widespread acceptance in the analytical community. The whiteness and greenness of the assessment were evaluated using three approaches: Complex green analytical procedure index, Analytical GREEnness calculator and Red Green Blue additive model. The technique (I) uses the simultaneous equation methodology for raloxifene at 285 nm and aspirin at 222 nm, respectively. Method (II) includes the area under the curve operating at (280–290) nm and (217–227) nm for raloxifene and aspirin, respectively. Method (III) operates using the first derivative method for raloxifene at 269 nm and aspirin at 216 nm. The linearity range was 2–14 µg/ml for three methods. P-Values were found satisfactory at a 95 % level of confidence. These techniques were intended for the binary mixture analysis in investigational formulations with high recoveries. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. These developed methods have been utilized in routine analysis to simultaneously determine raloxifene and aspirin without pre-extraction